TRES ERRORES -HIJOS DE LA IGNORANCIA- DE MUCHOS POLITICOS Y POLITICAS PROFESIONALES, DOMINICANOS: LES HAN IMPEDIDO LOGRAR COMPETIR CON EXITO EN CIENCIAS DOMINICANAS -DE LA ECONOMIA NACIONAL: NARANJA O DE LA CLASES CREATIVAS- EN EL CASO DOMINICANO, CON LA EXCELENCIA DEMOSTRADA EN TIEMPO RECORD :2012-2020 POR LA ADMINISTRACION DE: LIC. DANILO MEDINA SANCHEZ & SU EQUIPO (2012-2020)... DE: 1. GERENTES, 2.CIENTIFICOS, 3.HISTORIADORES & 4.ANTROPOLOGOS DOMINICANOS: A.CURITDOS, EXPERIMENTADOS EN LA DOMINICANIDAD B.Y SU EXPORTACION POR LOS 5 CONTINENTES, EN EL SIGLO XXI, C. CAMINO A LA CUARTA REVOLUCION INDUSTRIAL O INDUSTRIA 4.0 DESDE LA MENTE-FACTURA. en el caso de Republica Dominicana, en la OBTENCION DE: 1. LOGROS ECONOMICOS, inclusios, democratizadores, MODERNIZADORES 2. LOGROS CIENTIFICOS, DEMOSTRABLES, -MEDIBLES- EN LA MATERIA: 1. DESARROLLO HUMANO INTEGRAL. 2. DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL 3. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO DE TODO EL TERRITORIO DOMINICANO, desde las MYPIMES (1844-2019).... Que sabia DANILO MEDINA SANCHEZ QUE OTROS NO SABIAN, -SOBRE LA ECONOMIA NARANJA O LA ECONOMIA DE LA CREATIVIDAD- COMO OPORTUNIDAD INFINITA, PARA LAS EXPORTACIONES DE -LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA & PARA LA INDUSTRIALIZACION RAPIDA- DE LA NACION Y DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA EN EL SIGLO XXI A PARTIR DE LA MENTE-FACTURA, por no ser PROFESIONALES DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS COMO: 1. INGENIERIA QUIMICA. 2. LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS? By Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV CCIAV, CC4AVE. CULTURAL CENTER FOR AUDIOVISUAL EXCHANGE, NON PROFIT FOUNDATION. GLOBAL VOLUNTEERING SCHOOL. Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019) ------------ 1.QUE UNCTAD, fue fundado en 1964, para AYUDAR A TODOS LOS PAISES NO INDUSTRIALIZADOS, del mundo, por eso tiene 195 PAISES MIEMBROS, a : 1.1. CONVERTIRSE EN EXPORTADORES. 2. INDUSTRIALIZAR TODOS LOS SECTORES DE SU APARATO PRODUCTIVO. 2. QUE EL CAPITAL HUMANO, EL CAPITAL INTELECTUAL, EL CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL descansa en : los HOMBROS, EN LAS CABEZAS DE TODA LA POBLACION: 1. EN SUS CEREBROS. 2. EN SUS BRAZOS. 3. EN SUS MANOS EN LA ECONOMIA NARANJA, 1. EN LA CREATIVIDAD ARTISTICO-PERFORMATIVA. 2. EN LA CREATIVIDAD CIENTIFICA 3. EN LA CREATIVIDAD ECONOMICA O INNOVACION ECONOMICA. QUE NINGUNA MEJOR EN LA ECONOMIA EN EL CORTO, MEDIANO Y LARGO PLAZOS, EN ECONOMIAS AGROPECUARIAS O PRE-INDUSTRIALES SE CONSIGUE SIN LA : ESCOLARIZACION UNIVERSAL DE TODA LA POBLACION EN CIENCIAS TICs.... -desde kinder hasta las UNIVERSIDADES DE EXCELENCIA O DE CALIDAD MUNDIAL...- QUE ES VERDAD LO QUE DICE DESDE LAS NEUROCIENCIAS LIC. LIDIO CADET: EL MALCOMIO NO PIENSA... POR ESO LO DE LA TANDA EXTENDIDA, PARA QUE ESOS NINOS Y NINAS: 1. NO ABANDONEN LA ESCUELA. 2. DESARROLLEN SUS CUERPOS Y SUS CEREBROS. 3. PARA EL UNICO OFICIO, PROFESION, CARRERA DE TODO NINO O NINA O DE LA POBLACION VULNERABLE DE 18 ANOS DE EDAD Y MENOS: 3.1. SER ALUMNOS, ALUMNAS. 3.2. SER ESTUDIANTES meritorios y meritorias todos y todas... DE KINDER, EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS... DE PRIMARIA EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS... DE BACHILLERATO EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS... SUS AULAS HUMANAS.... SUS LABORATORIOS HUMANOS... SUS TALLERES HUMANOS.... ------------- CUAL ES LA ACTUALIDAD MUNDIAL, EN LOS 5 CONTINENTES DEL DR. THORSTEIN VEBLEN, EN EL ANO 2019? 1. Es la historia personal o BIOGRAFIA de un nino anonimo, QUIEN NACIO DE PADRES NORUEGOS, emigrantes internacionales de PRIMERA GENERACION a los ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA (1857-1929)... 2. ES LA HISTORIA O TRAYECTORIA : ESCOLAR, de un nino que SIENCO EXTRANJERO, no le fue negada la OPORTUNIDAD EDUCATIVA DE DESARROLLAR sus talentos cientificos, hacia una ciencia: PURA, DURA, FUNDAMENTAL, EXACTA: LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS & SU RELACION con llos NEGOCIOS DE : IMPORTACION & EXPORTACION fines del siglo XIX, hasta su muerte en 1929. POR DONDE COMIENZA SU TRAYECTORIA ESCOLAR Y UNIVERSITARIA? 1. Por los estudios de HISTORIA NATURAL. 2. Por los estudios HUMANISTICOS CLASICOS: LA FILOLOGIA. 3. FUE ALUMNO DEL SEMIOLOGO NORTEMERICANO: CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE... 1.INGRESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD: A los17 anos de edad.... 2. SE DOCTORO JOVEN, en el PHD en Filosofia, por la Universidad de Yale. DESPUES DE TENER ESA BASE EN EL PENSAMIENTO HUMANISTICO OCCIDENTAL, se adentro COMO HUMILDE ALUMNO, a los ESTUDIOS POST-DOCTORALES EN : CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, por la CORNELL UNIVERSITY. CUANDO YA ERA UN POST-DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, se dedico a ser: 1. MAESTRO DE UNIVERSIDAD. 2. A DAR FRUTOS, de cara a la JUVENTUD DE SU PAIS.... 3. A ESCRIBIR LIBROS ORIGINALES, CON: DESCUBRIMIENTOS CIENTIFICOS perdurables, EN LA HISTORIA MUNDIAL DEL PENSAMIENTO ECONOMICO, como CIENCIA EXACTA... Fue catedratico en CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS en la Universidad de Chicago. FUE CATEDRATICO EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS en la Universidad de Stanford. FUE CATEDRATICO EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS en la Universidad de Missouri. CREO UN MOVIMIENTO O ESCUELA MUNDIAL de las CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS & DE LA INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES CONTEMPORANEAS MUNDIALES, llamado: INSTITUCIONALISMO ECONOMICO. INSTITUCIONALISMO EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES. Y FINALMENTE con sus conocimientos, y EXPERIENCIAS DE TODA UNA VIDA: AYUDO A FUNDAR, lo que se llama en el MUNDO, THE NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, en la ciudad de NEW YORK. Una vida con proposito. Una vida de exito CIENTIFICO... Pero ese senor, NUNCA SONO SER: MILLONARIO... LOS MAESTROS DE ESCUELA NO SUENAN SER MILLONARIOS... LOS MAESTROS DE UNIVERSIDAD NO SUENAN SER MILLONARIOS... SU FELICIDAD, como PROYECTISTAS... Es ayudar a que SUS CLIENTES, SUS AMIGOS, SUS VECINOS, SUS VECINAS... SE HAGAN MILLONARIOS, trabajando, invirtiendo, reinvirtiendo, ahorrando, BANCARIZANDO PROYECTOS, desde MYPIMES...CON VOCACION EXPORTADORA... en el caso concreto de la REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, de ese mismo modo : 1. ANONIMO. 2. DE BAJO PERFIL. 3. DE SERVICIO PATRIOTICO A LAS CIENCIAS PAIDOLOGIAS.... 4. DE SERVICIO PATRIOTICO A LAS CIENCIAS ANDRAGOGICAS.... INTERACTUANDO con ninos, ninas, jovenes... VIVIERON EN SUS AULAS... VIVIENRON EN SUS TALLERES... VIVIERON EN SUS LABORATORIOS.... Cientificos y cientificas dominicanos, de las CIENCIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, tales como: 1. JUAN PABLO DUARTE Y DIEZ. 2. MATIAS RAMON MELLA, uno de los SOCIOS & GERENTES fundadores del MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA & COMERCIO de la Nacion y de la Republica Dominicana, en el siglo XIX.... Eugenio Maria de Hostos.... Don Victor en el Insituto Ibera de Santiago de los Caballeros, desde 1941, con don Pepe... Los monjes o predicadores, EVANGELICOS, -DE LA IGLESIA METODISTA LIBRE- que emigraron a la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, para fundar en 1926 Y ABRIR EN 1927: EL INSTITUTO EVANGELICO, INC. LOS HERMANOS DE LA SALLE, inc. El padre, HERMANO ALFREDO MORALES, El Padre Jesuita, Jose Luis Aleman... Los curas que fundaron RADIO SANTA MARIA... Los curas que fundaron en 1962, la Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre & Maestra... LOS MAESTROS DE UNIVERSIDAD QUE FUNDARON, la Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU)... Los maestros y maestras de Universidad que fundaron EL INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE SANTO DOMINGO (INTEC) en sus conversaciones ACADEMICAS, CIENTIFICAS, en la ciudad de SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, en 1971.... Los maestros y maestras de universidad que fundaron la UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ESTE, inc, UCE.... Los maestros y maestras de Universidad que fundaron la Universidad Organizacion & METODOS O& ME... LOS MAESTROS Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD QUE FUNDARON: UNIBE... LOS MAESTROS Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD QUE FUNDARON: APEC ----------- LOS MAESTROS Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD QUE FUNDARON EN 1962, EL INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE AGRICULTURA (ISA), EN LA CIUDAD DE SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS... ----- LOS MAESTROS Y LAS MAESTRAS QUE FUNDARON LA ESCUELA DE DISENO DE ALTOS DE CHAVON.... ----------- SABES, MILLENNIAL MOM, quien es el Dr. Facundo Manes? ----- FUE UN NINO ANONIMO, nacido en ARGENTINA... 1. se graduo en la universdidad a fines del siglo XX, en 1992... 2. en areas cienitificas nuevas: 3.DE MEDICO, EN UNA 3.1.UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA, ARGENTINA: LA UBA... ARGENTINA, 3.2.COMO CIENTIFICO EN CIENCIAS TICs, EGRESADO DE LA UBA en 1992... HA HECHO CARRERA COMO: NEUROCIENCITIFICO DE FAMA MUNDIAL... HA TENIDO EXITO: 1. ECONOMICO. 2. CIENTIFICO. 3. ACADEMICO, A.EN SOLO MENOS DE 35 anos del EJERCICIO LIBERAL -DE LAS CIENCIAS MEDICAS ESPECIALIZADAS- A.1.EN EL MERCADO DE TRABAJO DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA A.2.Y A NIVEL MUNDIAL.... 4.SE ESPECIALIZO EN : CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY... Comienzos Manes nació en Quilmes PERO VIVIO SUS PRIMEROS ANOS pero vivió sus primeros años EN UN PUEBLO LLAMADO ARROYO DULCE en un pueblo llamado Arroyo Dulce, DONDE SU PADRE ERA MEDICO RURAL donde su padre era médico rural.6 LUEGO SE MUDO... Luego se mudó a la ciudad de CIUDAD DE SALTO... Salto, ubicada en el NORTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires. CONCURRIO A LA PRIMARIA Y A LA SECUNDARIA Concurrió a la primaria y a la secundaria EN LA ESCUELA en la Escuela "Gral. Don José de San Martín", DE DICHA LOCALIDAD de dicha localidad.7, ESTUDIO EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA: LA UBA SE GRADUO DE MEDICO EN 1992. Estudió en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, donde se graduó en 1992 SALIO DEL PAIS, ARGENTINA A: ESPECIALIZARSE y luego en la Universidad universida de cambridge UNIVERSIDAD DE CAMBRIDGE de Cambridge (MAESTRIA EN: 1. CIENCIAS MEDICAS. 2.MAESTRIA EN NEUROBIOLOGIA 3. MAESTRIA EN NEUROCIENCIAS. maestría en Ciencias Médicas, Neurobiología y Neurociencias). 8 COMENZO SU CARRERA DE INVESTIGACION Comenzó su carrera de investigador 1.MIENTRAS ERA ESTUDIANTE 2.DE SEGUNDO ANO DE MEDICINA 3. EN LA UBA. mientras era estudiante de segundo año de Medicina en la UBA, CUANDO CONOCIO AL PROFESOR cuando conoció al Profesor TOMAS MASCITTI Tomás Mascitti, TITULAR DE NEURO-ANATOMIA titular de Neuroanatomía.6 ----------------- DE NINO, su mama y su papa, LE INDICARON QUE EL CAMINO para salir de la pobreza, ERA 1. ESTUDIAR, en el unico OFICIO o profesion que debe tener un nino o nina, EN TODA LA TIERRA, en los 5 continentes, si quiere salir de la pobreza con el SUDOR DE SU FRENTE, siguiendo la OPORTUNIDAD EDUCATIVA, promovida y defendida, EN SU VIDA DE : 1. VOLUNTARIOS. 2. PAIDOLOGOS O EDUCADORES INFANTILES, por los CIENTIFICOS DOMINICANOS; 1. EUGENIO MARIA DE HOSTOS. 2. SALOME URENA DE HENRIQUEZ, 3. PEDRO HENRIQUEZ URENA 4. PROFESOR JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO... ------ NO SE CONSIGUE SACAR NADA DE PROVECHO, EN MATERIA DE: 1. CREATIVIDAD PATENBLE. 2. INDUSTRIALIZACION. 3. COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, de importacion y exportacion... SI LOS PAPAS, LO DEJAN SER UN: NI-NI... LA PROXIMA VEZ QUE TU NINO O NINA, dominicano o de cualquier PARTE DEL MUNDO TE DIGA, que se aburre YENDO A LA ESCUELA... 1. DALE 4 PEZCOZONES... 2. METELO AL BANO... 3. BANALO... 4. PONLE EL UNIFORME ESCOLAR 5. Y VIGILA QUE NO S... -------------- History of industrialisation. -------- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A Watt steam engine, the steam engine FUELLED PRIMARILY fuelled primarily by coal that PROPELLED propelled the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom and the world.[1]. This article delineates the history of industrialisation. Contents 1 Background 2 Industrial revolution in Europe 3 Early industrialisation in other countries 4 The Third World 4.1 Petrol-producing countries 5 Industrialisation in Asia 6 Newly industrialised countries 7 References. Background. Most pre-industrial economies HAD STANDARDS OF LIVING had standards of living not much ABOVE SUBSISTENCE above subsistence, among that the MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION WERE FORCED majority of the population were focused ON PRODUCING THEIR MEANS OF SURVIVAL on producing their means of survival. FOR EXAMPLE, IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE For example, in medieval Europe, AS MUCH AS as much as 80% OF THE LABOUR FORCE of the labour force WAS EMPLOYED IN SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE was employed in subsistence agriculture.[citation needed] SOME PRE-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES Some pre-industrial economies, SUCH AS CLASSICAL ATHENS such as classical Athens, had TRADE & COMMERCE trade and commerce as SIGNIFICATN FACTORS significant factors, SO NATIVE GREEKS COULD so native Greeks could 1. ENJOY HEALTH FAR BEYOND 2. A SUSTENANCE STANDARD OF LIVING enjoy wealth far beyond a sustenance standard of living 3. THROUGH USE OF SLAVERY through the use of slavery.[2] FAMINES WERE FREQUENT Famines were frequent in most PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES pre-industrial societies, although some, SUCH NETHERLANDS AND ENGLAND such as the Netherlands and England of the 17th and 18th centuries, THE ITALIAN CITY STATES the Italian city states of the 15th century, THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CALIPHATE the medieval Islamic Caliphate, AND THE ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS and the ancient Greek and Roman CIVILIZATIONS WERE ABLE TO ESCAPADE THE FAMINE CYCLE civilisations were able to escape the famine cycle THROUGH INCREASING: 1. TRADE. 2. COMMERCIALIZATION through increasing trade and commercialisation OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR of the agricultural sector[citation needed]. It is estimated that during the 17th century, after immense from the Mughal Bengal to the Dutch East India Company,[3] NETHERLANDS IMPORTED Netherlands imported nearly 70% OF ITS GRAIN SUPPLY of its grain supply and in the 5th century BC ATHENS IMPORTED 3/4 Athens imported three-quarters OF ITS TOTAL FOOD SUPPLY of its total food supply.[citation needed] The Proto-industrialization occurred in MUGHAI INDIA Mughal India,[4] and was the FIRST STAGE PRIOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION first stage prior to the Industrial revolution.[5] After the victory of the EAST INDIA COMPANY East India Company in the Battle of PLASSEY Plassey over the rulers of the Bengal Subah, INDUSTRIALIZATION industrialisation through: 1. INNOVATION. 2. IN MANUFACTURING innovation in manufacturing processes first started with the Industrial Revolution in the north-west and MIDLANDS OF ENGLAND Midlands of England in the 18th century.[6] IT SPREAD TO EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA It spread to Europe and North America in the 19th century. Industrial revolution in Europe. Main article: Industrial Revolution The Crystal Palace Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, London, 1851. Early industrialisation in Germany, THE CITY OF BARMEN the city of Barmen in 1870. Painting by August von Wille Aplerbecker Hütte, an INDUSTRILISED AREA industrialised area of Dortmund, GERMANY CIRCA Germany circa 1910. THE UNITED KINGDOM The United Kingdom 1.WAS THE FIRST COUNTRY 2.IN THE WORLD 3.TO INDUSTRIALISE was the first country in the world to industrialise.[7] In the 18th and 19th centuries, the UK EXPERIENCED A MASSIVE INCREASE experienced a massive increase 1. IN AGRICULTURAL 2. PRODUCTIVITY in agricultural productivity known AS THE BRITISH AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION as the British Agricultural Revolution, 1.WHICH UNABLED. 2.AND UNPRECEDENTED which enabled an unprecedented 3. POPULATION GROWTH population growth, 4. FREEING A SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAJE freeing a significant percentage 5. OF THE WORKFORCE of the workforce 6. FROM FARMING from farming, 9. AND HELPING TO DRIVE 10 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION and helping to drive the Industrial Revolution. Due to the 1. LIMITED AMOUNT ARABLE LAND. 2. AND THE OVERWHELMING limited amount of arable land and the overwhelming 2.1. EFFICIENCY 2.2. MECHANISED FARMING efficiency of mechanised farming, 3. THE INCREASED POPULATION the increased population 3.1. COULD NOT BE DEDICATED 3.2. TO AGRICULTURE could not be dedicated to agriculture. 4. NEW AGRICULTURA TECHNIQUES New agricultural techniques 4.1. ALLOWED A SINGLE PEASANT 4.2. TO FEED MORE WORKERS allowed a single peasant to feed more workers 4.3. THAN PREVIOUSLY than previously; however, 5. THESE TECHNIQUES 5.1. ALSO INCREASED 5.2. THE DEMAND these techniques also increased the 5.2.1. DEMAND FOR MACHINES. 5.2.2. DEMAND FOR OTHER HARDWARE demand for machines and other hardware, WHICH HAD TRADITIONALLY 1. BEEN PROVIDED 2. BY THE URBAN: ARTISANS. which had traditionally been provided by the urban artisans. 1. ARTISANS, COLLECTIVE CALLET: BOURGEOISIE Artisans, collectively called bourgeoisie, 2. EMPLOYED RURAL EXODUS: WORKERS 2.1. TO INCREASE THEIR OUTPUT. employed rural exodus workers to increase their output and 2.2. AND MEET THE COUNTRY: NEEDS meet the country's needs. British industrialisation INVOLVED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES involved significant changes 1. IN THE WAY THAT WORK 2. WAS PERFORMED. in the way that work was performed. 2.1.THE PROCESS OF CREATING OF GOOD The process of creating a good 2.1.1. WAS DIVIDED. 2.2.2.INTO SIMPLE : TASKS. 2.2.3. EACH ONE OF THEM was divided into simple tasks, each one of them 1. BEEN GRADUALLY MECHANISED. 2. IN ORDER TO BOOST 3. PRODUCTIVITY being gradually mechanised in order to boost productivity 4. AND THUS INCREASE: INCOME. and thus increase income. 5. THE NEW MACHINES HELPED 5.1. IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY. new machines helped to improve 5.2. OF EACH WORKER. the productivity of each worker. However, industrialisation ALSO INVOLVED THE EXPLOITATION OF: 1. NEW FORMS OF ENERGY also involved the exploitation of new forms of energy. IN THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY In the pre-industrial economy, 1. MOST MACHINARY WAS POWERED most machinery was powered 2. BY HUMAN MUSCLE by human muscle, 3. BY ANIMALS 4. BY WOOD-BURNING ESA ES LA ETAPA DEL DESARROLLO HUMANO EN QUE SE ENCUENTRAS LOS INMIGRANTES RURALES IRREGULARES -DE LA VECINA NACION DE HAITI- QUE VIENEN : 1.A REPUBLICA DOMINICANA...movidos por EL HAMBRE... 1.1.A QUEMAR LOS BOSQUES DOMINICANOS, A.PARA HACER CARBON. B.PARA LA PRACTICA DEL CONUQUISMO C.EN EL ANO 2019... by animals, by wood-burning or Y FINALMENTE LA ENERGIA UTILIZADA ERA LA FUERZA DEL AGUA... 1.REPRESADA. 2.CANALIZADA...by water-power. CON EL PROCESO DE INDUSTRIALIZACION TODAS ESAS FUENTES DE ENERGIA O FUENTES ENERGETICAS... With industrialisation these sources of fuel were FUERON REEMPAZADAS POR EL CARBON... 1. PERO NO POR CARBON VEGETAL, DEFORESTANDO LOS BOSQUES PARA QUEDARSE IN AGUAN EN EL FUTURO... 2. POR CARBON DE MINAS, POR CARBON DE HULLA... replaced with coal, POR QUE SE USO EL CARBON? 1. POR SU ALTA PRODUCTIVIDAD ENERGETICA, si se compara con todas las FUENTES PRE-EXISTENTES... which could deliver significantly more energy than the alternatives. EL PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE LA EPOCA, en lugares como MANCHESTER, INGLATERRA (1870) VINO DISENADO PARA EL USO DEL CARBON, COMO MATRIZ ENERGETICA: 1. NUEVA. 2. REVOLUCIONARIA, para dicha epoca. Much of the new technology that accompanied the industrial revolution was for machines which could be powered by coal. QUE PROBLEMA DE SOSTENIBILIDAD TRAJO COMO CONSECUENCIA, LA MATRIZ A CARBON hasta la exploracion de la ENERGIA NUCLEAR, CON FINES PACIFICOS E INDUSTRIALES? 1. EMISIONES DE CO2. 2. CONSUMOS INCREMENTALES O DEMANDAS INCREMENTALES DE ENERGIA, para mantener EL CRECIMINETO DEL NUEVO SECTOR LIDER, -DE LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL- LA INDUSTRIA.... 1. EN PAISES INDUSTRIALES. 2. EN PAISES POST-INDUSTRIALES. One outcome of this was an increase in the overall amount of energy consumed within the economy - a trend which has continued in all industrialised nations to the present day.[8]. EL PROCESO TAN CRITICADO POR EL PENSAMIENTO ECONOMICO MARXISTA, llamado : ACUMULACION DE CAPITAL O DE CAPITALES Fue EL unico mecanismo EXITOSO a nivel MUNDIAL (1870-2019), para que CADA PAIS, CADA EMPRENDEDOR, CADA INDUSTRIAL, CADA MYPIME, CADA EXPORTADOR O EXPORTADORA... Pudiera: 1l AHORRAR. 2. INVERTIR. 3. REINVERTIR DESDE SUS RESPECTIVAS; 1. MICRO-ECONOMIAS o presupuestos: 1.1. PERSONALES. 1.2. FAMILIARES 2. DESDE SUS MICRO-UNIDADES DE : PRODUCCION DE RIQUEZA, POR VIAS RENTABLES, SOSTENIBLES, LUCRATIVAS, BANCARIZABLES, DESDE EL MICRO-CREDITO, FINANCIERA Y CONTABLEMENTE: PROYECTABLES, EN ESTUDIOS DE FACTIBILIDAD ECONOMICOS Y FINANCIEROS, EN MERCADOS -ABIERTOS O COMPETITIVOS, GLOBALIZADOS- FUE LA ACUMULACION DE CAPITAL... 1. EL FACTOR CRITICO DE EXITO EN 1.1.LA SOSTENIBILIDAD / RENTABILIDAD, 1.2.DEL PROCESO DE: INDUSTRIALIZACION, -CAPITALISTA, OCCIDENTAL- (MANCHESTER, 1870-2019)... 1. FACILITANDO ASI: LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE DINERO PARA LA INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS BASICAS, -EN INVESTIGACION & DESARROLLO (I+D)- DE NUEVOS PRODUCTOS & NUEVOS SERVICIOS... 2. LA INVESTIGACION EN I+D, para producir: NOVEDADES EN CIENCIAS TICs. 3. LA INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS BASICAS EN GENERAL, gracias a los EXCEDENTES GENERADOS POR EL : 3.1 COMERCIO GLOBALIZADO. 3.2. POR LA INDUSTRIA EXPORTADORA EN CADA PAIS CAPITALISTA OCCIDENTAL E INDUSTRIAL. The accumulation of capital allowed investments in the scientific conception and application of new technologies, enabling the industrialisation process to continue to evolve. PERO EL TRABAJADOR O LA TRABAJADORA INDUSTRIALES, NO SE PARECEN EN NADA: 1.A LOS AGRICULTORES, 2.NI A LOS GANADEROS, DE LA ERA PRE-INDUSTRIAL.... The industrialisation process formed a EL OBRERO O LA OBRERA INDUSTRIAL NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR COMIDA, NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR UN PLATO DE HABICHUELAS AL DIA... NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR CAMA, POR ALOJAMIENTO... ES UN CONSUMIDOR O CONSUMIDORA EN TADA REGLA, CONLAS NECESIDADES DE : UN ESPECIALISTA... 1. NECESITA LEER, ESTAR INFORMADO DE SU OFICIO, CARRERA, PROFESION, EN EL MUNDO.... 2. NECESITA VIVIR EN UN VECINDARIO DIGNO DE SU TRABAJO, COMO ESPECIALISTA, NO EN BARRACAS, COMO LOS ESCLAVOS, NI COMO LOS AGRICULTORES DE SUBSISTENCIA. 3. NECESITA PODER EDUCAR A SUS NINOS Y NINAS, PODRE MANDARLOS A LA: 3.1. ESCUELA. 3.2. A LA UNIVERSIDAD. a cultivara sus talentos, sus multiples inteligencias, con la ayuda o respaldo de las NEUROCIENCIAS... 1.Child-Girl Developmental Sciences on Psychology. 1.1. PAIDOLOGY SCIENCES. 1.2. ANDRAGOGY SCIENCES. 1.3. LEARNING SCIENCES. 1.4. SPORT SCIENCES. 1.5. LEISURE SCIENCES. 1.6 SELF-DIRECTED SCIENCES. 17. GAME LEARNING SCIENCES. 18. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING SCIENCES. 19. STRATEGICAL SCIENCES. 20 . LOGISTICS SCIENCES. 21. STATISTICAL SCIENCES. 22. MANAGEMENT SCIENCES. 23. TIME MANAGEMENT SCIENCES. 24. MARKETING OR PSYCHOGRAPHIC -CONSUMERS/ PROSUMERS:- BEHAVIOUR SCIENCES. 25. WEALTH CREATION BY INNOVATION SCIENCES AND CREATIVE DESTRUCTION PROCESS (JOSEPH SCHUMPETER, 1921). 26. EXPERTISE IN MARKETS UNDER THORSTEIN VEBLEN EFFECTS (1899-2029). 27. EXPERTISE IN GLOBAL MARKETS UNDER IMPULSE AND GLOBAL TRENDS OF LUXURY CONSUMPTION PROCESSES FOR GLOBAL SERVICES AND GLOBAL GOOS, OR CONSPICUOUS -RESPONSIBLE & LUXURY, BUT SUSTAINABLE- CONSUMER, AS GLOBAL CITIZEN. (VEBLEN: INSTITUTIONAISM,1899-2009): LA DIFERENCIA DEL TRABAJADOR O TRABAJADORA NO ES QUE SOLAMENTE, ES: 1. UN TRABAJADOR O TRABAJADORA, LIBRE... DE ELEGIR A QUIEN VENDERLE SU : FUERZA DE TRABAJO... 1. DE SUS TALENTTOS. 2. DE SUS IDEAS, 3. DE SUS PROYECTOS.. 4. DE SUS EXPERIENCIAS, SUENOS, -KNOW HOW, COMPETENCIAS, HISTORIAS- EN FUNCION DE SU ETHOS PERSONAL, EN FUNCION DE SU ESTILO DE VIDA, EN FUNCION DE SUS CREENCIAS RELIGIOSAS, EN FUNCION DEL USO QUE SE LE DAR, EN UNO O VARIOS MERCADO MUNDIALES, A TALES IDEAS, PROYECTOS, DISENOS, PROPUESTAS.... ALGO QUE NO PUDIERON JAMAS ELEGIR: 1. NI LOS SIERVOS DE LA GLEBA. 2. NI LOS ESCLAVOS EN LA HISTORIA DE LA HUMANIDAD... class of industrial workers who had more money to spend than their agricultural cousins. They spent this on items such as tobacco and sugar, creating new mass markets that stimulated more investment as merchants sought to exploit them.[9] The mechanisation of production spread to the countries surrounding England geographically in Europe such as France and to British SETTLER COLONIES... settler colonies, HELPING TO MAKE THOSE AREAS helping to make those areas 1. THE WEALTHIEST 2. AND SHAPING the wealthiest, and shaping what is 3. NOW KNOWN AS THE: WESTERN WORLD. now known as the Western world. SOMOE ECONOMIC HITORIANS ARGUE.. Some economic historians argue that the 1. possession of so-called 'exploitation colonies' 2.eased the accumulation of capital to the countries that possessed them, 3. speeding up their development.[10] The consequence was that the 1.SUBJECTED COUNTRY subject country 2.INTEGRATED A BIGGER ECONOMIC SYSTEM integrated a bigger economic system IN A SUBALTERN POSITION, EMULATING in a subaltern position, emulating THE COUNTRYSIDE the countryside, WHICH DEMANDS MANUFACTURED GOODS which demands manufactured goods AND OFFER RAW MATERIALS and offers raw materials, WHILE THE COLONIAL POWER while the colonial power STRESSED ITS URBAN POSTURE stressed its urban posture, 1. PROVIDING GOODS. 2. IMPORTING FOOD providing goods and importing food. A classical example of this mechanism IS SAID THE TRIANGULAR TRADE is said to be the triangular trade, which involved England, southern United States and WESTERN AFRICA western Africa. Some have stressed THE IMPORANTACE OF: 1. NATURAL. 2. FINANCIAL RESOURCES the importance of natural or financial resources that Britain received from its MANY OVER SEAS COLONIES many overseas colonies or THAT PROFITS FROM DE SLAVE TRADE that profits from the British slave trade BETWEEN AFRICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN between Africa and the Caribbean HELPED FUEL INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT helped fuel industrial investment.[11] With these arguments still find some favour WITH HISTORIANS OF THE COLONIES with historians of the colonies, MOST HISTORIANS OF THE BRITISH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION most historians of the British Industrial Revolution DO NOT CONDIDER do not consider THAT COLONIAL POSSESSIONS that colonial possessions FORMED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE formed a significant role IN THE COUNTRY INDUSTRIALIZATION in the country's industrialisation. Whilst not denying that Britain COULD PROFIT FROM THESE ARRANGEMENTS could profit from these arrangement, THEY BELIEVE THAT INDUSTRIALIZATION WOULD HAVE PROCEEDED 1. WITH. 2. WITHOUT THE COLONIES... they believe that industrialisation would have proceeded with or without the colonies.[12] Early industrialisation in other countries THE TEXTILE INDUSTRIALIZATION: SLOVENA (1891): Zilina (Slovaquia). The textile factory Slovena built in 1891 in Žilina (Slovakia) - an example of a delayed industrialisation in Central Europe. BELGIUM WAS THE FIRST COUNTRY TO DEVELOP 1. A PROPER INDUSTRY. 2. IN CONTINENTAL EUROPE. 3. BELGIUM WAS THE SECOND IN THE WORLD (AFTER UNITED KINGDOM) Belgium was the first country to develop a proper industry in continental Europe and was the second in the world (after the United Kingdom). IN GERMAN, FRANCE, AUSTRIA, BOHEMIA, SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES: A REAL MODERN INDUSTRIALIZATION: STARTED ONLY IN 1840s.... In Germany, France, Austria, Bohemia and Scandinavian countries a real modern industrialisation started only in 1840s. IN POLAND, SLOVAKIA, HUNGARY started after: 1880s In Poland, Slovakia, Hungary after 1880 AND IN BALTICS, UKRAINE, AND RUSSIA and in Baltics, Ukraine and Russia after 1890. After the Convention of Kanagawa issued by Commodore Matthew C. Perry FORCED JAPAN forced Japan to OPEN THE PORTS open the ports of 1. Shimoda and 2.Hakodate to AmericanTRADE trade, the Japanese government realised that drastic reforms were NECESSARY TO STAVE OFF WESTERN INFLUENCE. necessary to stave off Western influence. The Tokugawa shogunate ABOLISHED THE FEUDAL SYSTEM abolished the feudal system. The government instituted military reforms to modernise the Japanese army AND ALSO and also CONSTRUCTED THE BASE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION constructed the base for industrialisation. In the 1870s, THE MEIJI GOVERNMENT the Meiji government VIGOROUSLY PROMOTED 1. TECHNOLOGICAL 2. INDUSTRIAL vigorously promoted technological and industrial DEVELOPMENT THAT EVENTUALLY 1. CHANGED JAPANA development that eventually changed Japan 2. TO A POWERFUL . 3. MODERN COUNTRY to a powerful modern country. In a similar way, Russia which suffered during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The Soviet Union's centrally controlled economy decided to invest a big part of its resources to enhance its industrial production and infrastructures to assure its survival, thus becoming a world superpower.[13] During the Cold war, the other European socialist countries, organised under the Comecon framework, followed the same developing scheme, albeit with a less emphasis on heavy industry. Southern European countries such as Spain or Italy saw a moderate industrialisation during the final years of XIX century and then a boom in 1950s-1970s, caused by a healthy integration of the European economy[14][15] The Third World Main article: Third World A similar state-led developing programme was pursued in virtually all the Third World countries during the Cold War, including the socialist ones, but especially in Sub-Saharan Africa after the decolonisation period.[citation needed] The primary scope of those projects was to achieve self-sufficiency through the local production of previously imported goods, the mechanisation of agriculture and the spread of education and health care. However, all those experiences failed bitterly[citation needed] due to a lack of realism[citation needed]: most countries did not have a pre-industrial bourgeoisie able to carry on a capitalistic development or even a stable and peaceful state. Those aborted experiences left huge debts toward western countries and fuelled public corruption.[citation needed] Petrol-producing countries Oil-rich countries saw similar failures in their economic choices. An EIA report stated that OPEC member nations were projected to earn a net amount of $1.251 trillion in 2008 from their oil exports.[16] Because oil is both important and expensive, regions that had big reserves of oil had huge liquidity incomes. However, this was rarely followed by economic development. Experience shows that local elites were unable to re-invest the petrodollars obtained through oil export, and currency is wasted in luxury goods.[17] This is particularly evident in the Persian Gulf states, where the per capita income is comparable to those of western nations, but where no industrialisation has started. Apart from two little countries (Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates), the Persian Gulf states have not diversified their economies, and no replacement for the upcoming end of oil reserves is envisaged.[18] Industrialisation in Asia Durgapur Steel Plant located in West Bengal, India Apart from Japan, where industrialisation began in the late 19th century, a different pattern of industrialisation followed in East Asia. One of the fastest rates of industrialisation occurred in the late 20th century across four places known as the Asian tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), thanks to the existence of stable governments and well structured societies, strategic locations, heavy foreign investments, a low cost skilled and motivated workforce, a competitive exchange rate, and low custom duties.[citation needed] In the case of South Korea, the largest of the four Asian tigers, a very fast-paced industrialisation took place as it quickly moved away from the manufacturing of value-added goods in the 1950s and 60s into the more advanced steel, shipbuilding and automotive industry in the 1970s and 80s, focusing on the high-tech and service industry in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result, South Korea became a major economic power. This starting model was afterwards successfully copied in other larger Eastern and Southern Asian countries. The success of this phenomenon led to a huge wave of offshoring – i.e., Western factories or Tertiary Sector corporations choosing to move their activities to countries where the workforce was less expensive and less collectively organised. China and India, while roughly following this development pattern, made adaptations in line with their own histories and cultures, their major size and importance in the world, and the geo-political ambitions of their governments, etc.. Meanwhile, India's government is investing in economic sectors such as bioengineering, nuclear technology, pharmaceutics, informatics, and technologically oriented higher education, exceeding its needs, with the goal of creating several specialisation poles able to conquer foreign markets. Both China and India have also started to make significant investments in other developing countries, making them significant players in today's world economy. Newly industrialised countries Main article: Newly industrialised country The countries in green are considered to be newly industrialising nations. China and India (in dark green) are special cases. Since the mid-late 20th century, a few countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, such as Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, and Turkey have experienced substantial industrial growth, fuelled by exporting to countries that have bigger economies: the United States, China, India and the EU. They are sometimes called newly industrialised countries.[citation needed] Despite this trend being artificially influenced by the oil price increases since 2003, the phenomenon is not entirely new nor totally speculative (for instance see: Maquiladora). Japan and Russia both were successful in the fact that they imitated many other societies giving them flexibility. Yet they both had very little in common before the 19th century. Japan was isolated from the world with its ongoing traditions and forms of centralised government. Russia featured a more strong centralised government under the emperor. Both would soon discover that westernisation and industrialism were expanding and their own ways would not hold up against the new changing world of industrialisation. In the late 19th century the requirement for them to begin industrialising would become even more prevalent for the success of their nation in this new, growing society. References Watt steam engine image: located in the lobby of the Superior Technical School of Industrial Engineers of the UPM (Madrid) Akrigg, B. (2019). Population and Economy in Classical Athens (Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139225250, page 95 Om Prakash, "Empire, Mughal", History of World Trade Since 1450, edited by John J. McCusker, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 237–240, World History in Context. Retrieved 3 August 2017 Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy (2009). How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850. Brill Publishers. p. 174. ISBN 9789047429975. József Böröcz (2009-09-10). The European Union and Global Social Change. Routledge. p. 21. ISBN 9781135255800. Retrieved 26 June 2017. The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England by Steven Kreis. Last Revised 11 October 2006. Accessed April 2008 "Industrial Revolution". Archived from the original on 27 April 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2008. Griffin, Emma. "Patterns of Industrialisation". Retrieved 9 March 2013. Enslavement and industrialisation Robin Blackburn , BBC British History. Published: 18 December 2006 Accessed April 2008 Williams, Eric (1965). Capitalism and Slavery. Pomeranz, Kenneth (2000). The Great Divergence. Princeton University Press. Griffin, Emma (2010). A Short History of the British Industrial Revolution. Palgrave. Joseph Stalin and the industrialisation of the USSR Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine Learning Curve website, The UK National Archives. Accessed April 2008 BOOM E MIRACOLO ITALIANO ANNI '50-60 (CRONOLOGIA) Queer transitions in contemporary Spanish culture: from Franco to la movida, By Gema Pérez-Sánchez OPEC to earn $1.251 trillion from oil exports - EIA, Reutrs Understanding New Middle East, Behzad Shahandeh, The Korea Times, 31 October 2007 Background Note: Saudi Arabia Categories: Modern economic historyIndustrialisation Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Add links This page was last edited on 22 September 2019, at 05:26 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view

TRES ERRORES -HIJOS DE LA IGNORANCIA- DE MUCHOS POLITICOS

Y POLITICAS PROFESIONALES, DOMINICANOS:

LES HAN IMPEDIDO LOGRAR COMPETIR CON EXITO EN CIENCIAS DOMINICANAS

-DE LA ECONOMIA NACIONAL: NARANJA O DE LA CLASES CREATIVAS-

 EN EL CASO DOMINICANO, CON LA EXCELENCIA DEMOSTRADA EN TIEMPO

RECORD :2012-2020

POR LA ADMINISTRACION DE:

 LIC. DANILO MEDINA SANCHEZ & SU EQUIPO (2012-2020)...

DE:

1. GERENTES,

2.CIENTIFICOS,

3.HISTORIADORES &

4.ANTROPOLOGOS DOMINICANOS:

A.CURITDOS, EXPERIMENTADOS EN LA DOMINICANIDAD

B.Y SU EXPORTACION POR LOS 5 CONTINENTES, EN EL SIGLO XXI,

C. CAMINO A LA CUARTA REVOLUCION INDUSTRIAL O INDUSTRIA 4.0

DESDE LA MENTE-FACTURA.

en el caso de Republica Dominicana, en la OBTENCION DE:

1. LOGROS ECONOMICOS, inclusios, democratizadores, MODERNIZADORES

2. LOGROS CIENTIFICOS, DEMOSTRABLES, -MEDIBLES- EN LA MATERIA:

1. DESARROLLO HUMANO INTEGRAL.

2. DESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL

3. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO DE TODO EL TERRITORIO DOMINICANO, desde las

MYPIMES (1844-2019)....


Que sabia DANILO MEDINA SANCHEZ QUE OTROS NO SABIAN,

-SOBRE LA ECONOMIA NARANJA O LA ECONOMIA DE LA CREATIVIDAD-

COMO OPORTUNIDAD INFINITA, PARA LAS EXPORTACIONES DE 

-LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA & PARA LA INDUSTRIALIZACION RAPIDA-

DE LA NACION  Y DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA EN EL SIGLO XXI

A PARTIR DE LA MENTE-FACTURA, por no ser

PROFESIONALES DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS COMO:

1. INGENIERIA QUIMICA.

2. LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS?

By Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV

CCIAV, CC4AVE.

CULTURAL CENTER FOR AUDIOVISUAL EXCHANGE,

NON PROFIT FOUNDATION.

GLOBAL VOLUNTEERING SCHOOL.

Talents, Criticism, Friendship!

Salut, Polis, Ecumene!

(1959-2019)

------------

1.QUE UNCTAD, fue fundado en 1964, para AYUDAR A TODOS LOS PAISES

NO INDUSTRIALIZADOS, del mundo, por eso tiene 195 PAISES MIEMBROS,

a :

1.1. CONVERTIRSE EN EXPORTADORES.

2. INDUSTRIALIZAR TODOS LOS SECTORES DE SU APARATO PRODUCTIVO.

2. QUE EL CAPITAL HUMANO, EL CAPITAL INTELECTUAL, EL CAPITAL INDUSTRIAL

descansa en :

los HOMBROS, EN LAS CABEZAS DE TODA LA POBLACION:

1. EN SUS CEREBROS.

2. EN SUS BRAZOS.

3. EN SUS MANOS

EN LA ECONOMIA NARANJA,

1. EN LA CREATIVIDAD ARTISTICO-PERFORMATIVA.

2. EN LA CREATIVIDAD CIENTIFICA

3. EN LA CREATIVIDAD ECONOMICA O INNOVACION ECONOMICA.

QUE NINGUNA MEJOR EN LA ECONOMIA EN EL CORTO, MEDIANO Y LARGO

PLAZOS, EN ECONOMIAS AGROPECUARIAS O PRE-INDUSTRIALES SE CONSIGUE

SIN LA :

ESCOLARIZACION UNIVERSAL DE TODA LA POBLACION EN CIENCIAS TICs....

-desde kinder hasta las UNIVERSIDADES DE EXCELENCIA O DE CALIDAD MUNDIAL...-

QUE ES VERDAD LO QUE DICE DESDE LAS NEUROCIENCIAS LIC. LIDIO CADET:

EL MALCOMIO NO PIENSA...

POR ESO LO DE LA TANDA EXTENDIDA, PARA QUE ESOS NINOS Y NINAS:

1. NO ABANDONEN LA ESCUELA.

2. DESARROLLEN SUS CUERPOS Y SUS CEREBROS.

3. PARA EL UNICO OFICIO, PROFESION, CARRERA DE TODO NINO O NINA O

DE LA POBLACION VULNERABLE DE 18 ANOS DE EDAD Y MENOS:

3.1. SER ALUMNOS, ALUMNAS.

3.2. SER ESTUDIANTES meritorios y meritorias todos y todas...

DE KINDER, EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS...

DE PRIMARIA EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS...

DE BACHILLERATO EN LAS ESCUELAS PUBLICAS GRATUITAS...

SUS AULAS HUMANAS....

SUS LABORATORIOS HUMANOS...

SUS TALLERES HUMANOS....

-------------


CUAL ES LA ACTUALIDAD MUNDIAL, EN LOS

5 CONTINENTES DEL DR. THORSTEIN VEBLEN,

EN EL ANO 2019?

1. Es la historia personal o BIOGRAFIA de un

nino anonimo, QUIEN NACIO DE PADRES

NORUEGOS, emigrantes internacionales de

PRIMERA GENERACION a los ESTADOS

UNIDOS DE AMERICA (1857-1929)...

2. ES LA HISTORIA O TRAYECTORIA :

ESCOLAR, de un nino que SIENCO

EXTRANJERO, no le fue negada la

OPORTUNIDAD EDUCATIVA DE DESARROLLAR

sus talentos cientificos, hacia una ciencia:

PURA, DURA, FUNDAMENTAL, EXACTA:

LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS & SU RELACION

con llos NEGOCIOS DE :

IMPORTACION & EXPORTACION fines del

siglo XIX, hasta su muerte en 1929.

POR DONDE COMIENZA SU TRAYECTORIA

ESCOLAR Y UNIVERSITARIA?

1. Por los estudios de HISTORIA NATURAL.

2. Por los estudios HUMANISTICOS CLASICOS:

LA FILOLOGIA.

3. FUE ALUMNO DEL SEMIOLOGO

NORTEMERICANO:

CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE...

1.INGRESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD:

A los17 anos de edad....

2. SE DOCTORO JOVEN, en el PHD

en Filosofia, por la Universidad de Yale.

DESPUES DE TENER ESA BASE EN EL

PENSAMIENTO HUMANISTICO OCCIDENTAL,

se adentro COMO HUMILDE ALUMNO, a los

ESTUDIOS POST-DOCTORALES EN :

CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, por la

CORNELL UNIVERSITY.

CUANDO YA ERA UN POST-DOCTOR

EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, se dedico

a ser:

1. MAESTRO DE UNIVERSIDAD.

2. A DAR FRUTOS, de cara a la JUVENTUD

DE SU PAIS....

3. A ESCRIBIR LIBROS ORIGINALES, CON:

DESCUBRIMIENTOS CIENTIFICOS perdurables,

EN LA HISTORIA MUNDIAL DEL PENSAMIENTO

ECONOMICO, como CIENCIA EXACTA...

Fue catedratico en CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS

en la Universidad de Chicago.

FUE CATEDRATICO EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS

en la Universidad de Stanford.

FUE CATEDRATICO EN CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS

en la Universidad de Missouri.

CREO UN MOVIMIENTO O ESCUELA MUNDIAL

de las CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS & DE LA

INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES

CONTEMPORANEAS MUNDIALES, llamado:

INSTITUCIONALISMO ECONOMICO.

INSTITUCIONALISMO EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES.

Y FINALMENTE con sus conocimientos,

y EXPERIENCIAS DE TODA UNA VIDA:

AYUDO A FUNDAR, lo que se llama en el

MUNDO, THE NEW SCHOOL FOR

SOCIAL RESEARCH, en la ciudad de

NEW YORK.

Una vida con proposito.

Una vida de exito CIENTIFICO...

Pero ese senor, NUNCA SONO SER:

MILLONARIO...

LOS MAESTROS DE ESCUELA

NO SUENAN SER MILLONARIOS...

LOS MAESTROS DE UNIVERSIDAD

NO SUENAN SER MILLONARIOS...

SU FELICIDAD, como PROYECTISTAS...

Es ayudar a que SUS CLIENTES, SUS AMIGOS,

SUS VECINOS, SUS VECINAS...

SE HAGAN MILLONARIOS, trabajando,

invirtiendo, reinvirtiendo, ahorrando,

BANCARIZANDO  PROYECTOS, desde

MYPIMES...CON VOCACION EXPORTADORA...

en el caso concreto de la REPUBLICA

DOMINICANA, de ese mismo modo :

1. ANONIMO.

2. DE BAJO PERFIL.

3. DE SERVICIO PATRIOTICO A LAS

CIENCIAS PAIDOLOGIAS....

4. DE SERVICIO PATRIOTICO A LAS

CIENCIAS ANDRAGOGICAS....

INTERACTUANDO con ninos, ninas,

jovenes...

VIVIERON EN SUS AULAS...

VIVIENRON EN SUS TALLERES...

VIVIERON EN SUS LABORATORIOS....

Cientificos y cientificas dominicanos, de las

CIENCIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE, tales como:

1. JUAN PABLO DUARTE Y DIEZ.

2. MATIAS RAMON MELLA, uno de los

SOCIOS & GERENTES fundadores del

MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA & COMERCIO

de la Nacion y de la Republica Dominicana,

en el siglo XIX....

Eugenio Maria de Hostos....

Don Victor en el Insituto Ibera de Santiago

de los Caballeros, desde 1941, con don Pepe...

Los monjes o predicadores, EVANGELICOS,

-DE LA IGLESIA METODISTA LIBRE-

que emigraron

a la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros,

para fundar en 1926 Y ABRIR EN 1927:

EL INSTITUTO EVANGELICO, INC.

LOS HERMANOS DE LA SALLE, inc.

El padre, HERMANO ALFREDO MORALES,

El Padre Jesuita, Jose Luis Aleman...

Los curas que fundaron RADIO SANTA MARIA...

Los curas que fundaron en 1962, la

Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre & Maestra...

LOS MAESTROS DE UNIVERSIDAD QUE

FUNDARON, la Universidad Nacional

Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU)...

Los maestros y maestras de Universidad que

fundaron EL INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE

SANTO DOMINGO (INTEC) en sus conversaciones

ACADEMICAS, CIENTIFICAS, en la ciudad de

SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, en 1971....

Los maestros y maestras de universidad que

fundaron la UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ESTE,

inc, UCE....

Los maestros y maestras de Universidad que

fundaron la Universidad Organizacion & METODOS

O& ME...

LOS MAESTROS  Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD

QUE FUNDARON:

UNIBE...

LOS MAESTROS Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD

QUE FUNDARON:

APEC

-----------
LOS MAESTROS Y MAESTRAS DE UNIVERSIDAD

QUE FUNDARON EN 1962, EL INSTITUTO

SUPERIOR DE AGRICULTURA (ISA),

EN LA CIUDAD DE SANTIAGO DE LOS

CABALLEROS...

-----

LOS MAESTROS Y LAS MAESTRAS QUE

FUNDARON LA ESCUELA DE DISENO DE

ALTOS DE CHAVON....

-----------

SABES, MILLENNIAL MOM, quien es el

Dr. Facundo Manes?

-----

FUE UN NINO ANONIMO,

nacido en ARGENTINA...

1. se graduo  en la universdidad a fines del siglo XX, en 1992...

2. en areas cienitificas nuevas:

3.DE MEDICO, EN UNA

3.1.UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA, ARGENTINA: LA UBA...

ARGENTINA,

3.2.COMO CIENTIFICO EN CIENCIAS TICs, EGRESADO DE LA UBA en

1992... HA HECHO CARRERA COMO:

NEUROCIENCITIFICO DE FAMA MUNDIAL...

HA TENIDO EXITO:

1. ECONOMICO.

2. CIENTIFICO.

3. ACADEMICO,

A.EN SOLO MENOS DE 35 anos del EJERCICIO LIBERAL

-DE LAS CIENCIAS MEDICAS ESPECIALIZADAS-

A.1.EN EL MERCADO DE TRABAJO DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA

A.2.Y A NIVEL MUNDIAL....

4.SE ESPECIALIZO EN :

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY...

Comienzos

Manes nació en Quilmes

PERO VIVIO SUS PRIMEROS ANOS

pero vivió sus primeros años

EN UN PUEBLO LLAMADO ARROYO DULCE

en un pueblo llamado Arroyo Dulce,

DONDE SU PADRE ERA MEDICO RURAL

donde su padre era médico rural.6

LUEGO SE MUDO...

Luego se mudó a la ciudad de

CIUDAD DE SALTO...

Salto, ubicada en el

NORTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE

BUENOS AIRES

norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

CONCURRIO A LA PRIMARIA

Y A LA SECUNDARIA

Concurrió a la primaria y a la secundaria

EN LA ESCUELA

en la Escuela "Gral. Don José de San Martín",

DE DICHA LOCALIDAD

de dicha localidad.7,

ESTUDIO EN UNA UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA:

LA UBA

SE GRADUO DE MEDICO EN 1992.

Estudió en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, donde se graduó en 1992

SALIO DEL PAIS, ARGENTINA A:

 ESPECIALIZARSE

y luego en la Universidad

universida de cambridge

UNIVERSIDAD DE CAMBRIDGE

de Cambridge

(MAESTRIA EN:

1. CIENCIAS MEDICAS.

2.MAESTRIA EN NEUROBIOLOGIA

3. MAESTRIA EN NEUROCIENCIAS.

maestría en Ciencias Médicas,

Neurobiología y Neurociencias).

8 COMENZO SU CARRERA DE INVESTIGACION

Comenzó su carrera de investigador

1.MIENTRAS ERA ESTUDIANTE

2.DE SEGUNDO ANO DE MEDICINA

3. EN LA UBA.

mientras era estudiante de segundo año

 de Medicina en la UBA,

CUANDO CONOCIO AL PROFESOR

cuando conoció al Profesor

TOMAS MASCITTI

Tomás Mascitti,

TITULAR DE NEURO-ANATOMIA

titular de Neuroanatomía.6

-----------------

DE NINO, su mama y su papa, LE INDICARON

QUE EL CAMINO para salir de la pobreza,

ERA

1. ESTUDIAR, en el unico OFICIO o profesion

que debe tener un nino o nina, EN TODA LA

TIERRA, en los 5 continentes, si quiere salir

de la pobreza con el SUDOR DE SU FRENTE,

siguiendo la OPORTUNIDAD EDUCATIVA,

promovida y defendida, EN SU VIDA DE :

1. VOLUNTARIOS.

2. PAIDOLOGOS O EDUCADORES

INFANTILES,

por los CIENTIFICOS DOMINICANOS;

1. EUGENIO MARIA DE HOSTOS.

2. SALOME URENA DE HENRIQUEZ,

3. PEDRO HENRIQUEZ URENA

4. PROFESOR JUAN EMILIO BOSCH

GAVINO...

------

NO SE CONSIGUE SACAR NADA DE

PROVECHO, EN MATERIA DE:

1. CREATIVIDAD PATENBLE.

2. INDUSTRIALIZACION.

3. COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, de importacion

y exportacion...

SI LOS PAPAS, LO DEJAN SER UN:

NI-NI...

LA PROXIMA VEZ QUE TU NINO O NINA,

dominicano o de cualquier PARTE DEL MUNDO

TE DIGA, que se aburre YENDO A LA ESCUELA...

1. DALE 4 PEZCOZONES...

2. METELO AL BANO...

3. BANALO...

4. PONLE EL UNIFORME ESCOLAR

5. Y VIGILA QUE NO S...

--------------
History of industrialisation.

--------
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


A Watt steam engine, the steam engine

FUELLED PRIMARILY

 fuelled primarily by coal that

PROPELLED

propelled the Industrial Revolution

in the United Kingdom and the world.[1].

This article delineates the history of industrialisation.


Contents
1 Background
2 Industrial revolution in Europe
3 Early industrialisation in other countries
4 The Third World
4.1 Petrol-producing countries
5 Industrialisation in Asia
6 Newly industrialised countries
7 References.

Background.

Most pre-industrial economies

HAD STANDARDS OF LIVING

had standards of living not much

ABOVE SUBSISTENCE

above subsistence, among that the

MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION

WERE FORCED

majority of the population were focused

ON PRODUCING THEIR MEANS OF

SURVIVAL

on producing their means of survival.

FOR EXAMPLE, IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE

For example, in medieval Europe,

AS MUCH AS

as much as 80%

OF THE LABOUR FORCE

of the labour force

WAS EMPLOYED IN SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

was employed in subsistence agriculture.[citation needed]

SOME PRE-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES

Some pre-industrial economies,

SUCH AS CLASSICAL ATHENS

such as classical Athens, had

TRADE & COMMERCE

trade and commerce as

SIGNIFICATN FACTORS

 significant factors,

SO NATIVE GREEKS COULD

so native Greeks could

1. ENJOY HEALTH FAR BEYOND

2. A SUSTENANCE STANDARD OF LIVING

enjoy wealth far beyond a sustenance

standard of living

3. THROUGH USE OF SLAVERY

 through the use of slavery.[2]

FAMINES WERE FREQUENT

Famines were frequent in most

PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

pre-industrial societies, although some,

SUCH NETHERLANDS

AND ENGLAND

 such as the Netherlands and England

of the 17th and 18th centuries,

THE ITALIAN CITY STATES

 the Italian city states of the 15th century,

THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CALIPHATE

 the medieval Islamic Caliphate,

AND THE ANCIENT GREEK

AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS

and the ancient Greek and Roman

CIVILIZATIONS WERE ABLE TO

ESCAPADE THE FAMINE CYCLE

civilisations were able to escape the famine cycle

THROUGH INCREASING:

1. TRADE.

2. COMMERCIALIZATION

through increasing trade and commercialisation

OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

of the agricultural sector[citation needed].

 It is estimated that during the 17th century,

after immense from the Mughal Bengal to

 the Dutch East India Company,[3]

NETHERLANDS IMPORTED

Netherlands imported nearly 70%

OF ITS GRAIN SUPPLY

of its grain supply and

in the 5th century BC

ATHENS IMPORTED 3/4

Athens imported three-quarters

OF ITS TOTAL FOOD SUPPLY

 of its total food supply.[citation needed]

The Proto-industrialization occurred in

MUGHAI INDIA

Mughal India,[4] and was the

FIRST STAGE PRIOR TO THE

INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION

 first stage prior to the Industrial revolution.[5]

After the victory of the

EAST INDIA COMPANY

East India Company in the Battle of

PLASSEY

 Plassey over the rulers of the Bengal Subah,

INDUSTRIALIZATION

industrialisation through:

1. INNOVATION.

2. IN MANUFACTURING

 innovation in manufacturing processes

first started with the Industrial Revolution

 in the north-west and MIDLANDS OF ENGLAND

Midlands of England in the

18th century.[6]

IT SPREAD TO EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA

 It spread to Europe and North America

 in the 19th century.

Industrial revolution in Europe.

Main article: Industrial Revolution

The Crystal Palace Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations, London, 1851.

Early industrialisation in Germany,

THE CITY OF BARMEN

 the city of Barmen in 1870.

 Painting by August von Wille

Aplerbecker Hütte, an

INDUSTRILISED AREA

 industrialised area of Dortmund,

GERMANY CIRCA

Germany circa 1910.

THE UNITED KINGDOM


The United Kingdom

1.WAS THE FIRST COUNTRY

2.IN THE WORLD

3.TO INDUSTRIALISE

was the first country in the world

 to industrialise.[7] In the 18th and 19th

 centuries, the UK

EXPERIENCED A MASSIVE INCREASE

experienced a massive increase

1. IN AGRICULTURAL

2. PRODUCTIVITY

in agricultural productivity known

AS THE BRITISH AGRICULTURAL

REVOLUTION

 as the British Agricultural Revolution,

1.WHICH UNABLED.

2.AND UNPRECEDENTED

which enabled an unprecedented

3. POPULATION GROWTH

population growth,

4. FREEING A SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAJE

freeing a significant percentage

5. OF THE WORKFORCE

of the workforce

6. FROM FARMING

from farming,

9. AND HELPING TO DRIVE

10 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

and helping to drive the Industrial Revolution.

Due to the

1. LIMITED AMOUNT ARABLE LAND.

2. AND THE OVERWHELMING

 limited amount of arable land and the overwhelming

2.1. EFFICIENCY

2.2. MECHANISED FARMING

efficiency of mechanised farming,

3. THE INCREASED POPULATION

 the increased population

3.1. COULD NOT BE DEDICATED

3.2. TO AGRICULTURE

could not be dedicated to agriculture.

4. NEW AGRICULTURA TECHNIQUES

New agricultural techniques

4.1. ALLOWED A SINGLE PEASANT

4.2. TO FEED MORE WORKERS

 allowed a single peasant to feed more workers

4.3. THAN PREVIOUSLY

 than previously; however,

5. THESE TECHNIQUES

5.1. ALSO INCREASED

5.2. THE DEMAND

these techniques also increased the

5.2.1. DEMAND FOR MACHINES.

5.2.2. DEMAND FOR OTHER HARDWARE

demand for machines and other hardware,

WHICH HAD TRADITIONALLY

1. BEEN PROVIDED

2. BY THE URBAN:

ARTISANS.

 which had traditionally been provided

by the urban artisans.

1. ARTISANS, COLLECTIVE CALLET:

BOURGEOISIE

Artisans, collectively called bourgeoisie,

2. EMPLOYED RURAL EXODUS:

WORKERS

2.1. TO INCREASE THEIR OUTPUT.

employed rural exodus workers to increase

their output and

2.2. AND MEET THE COUNTRY:

NEEDS

 meet the country's needs.

British industrialisation

INVOLVED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

 involved significant changes

1. IN THE WAY THAT WORK

2. WAS PERFORMED.

in the way that work was performed.

2.1.THE PROCESS OF CREATING OF GOOD

The process of creating a good

2.1.1. WAS DIVIDED.

2.2.2.INTO SIMPLE :

TASKS.

2.2.3. EACH ONE OF THEM

was divided into simple tasks, each one of them

1. BEEN GRADUALLY MECHANISED.

2. IN ORDER TO BOOST

3. PRODUCTIVITY

being gradually mechanised in order to boost productivity

4. AND THUS INCREASE:

INCOME.

and thus increase income.

5. THE NEW MACHINES HELPED

5.1. IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY.

new machines helped to improve

5.2. OF EACH WORKER.

 the productivity of each worker.

However, industrialisation

ALSO INVOLVED THE EXPLOITATION OF:

1. NEW FORMS OF ENERGY

also involved the exploitation of new forms of energy.

IN THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY

 In the pre-industrial economy,

1. MOST MACHINARY WAS POWERED

most machinery was powered

2. BY HUMAN MUSCLE

by human muscle,

3. BY ANIMALS

4. BY WOOD-BURNING

ESA ES LA ETAPA DEL DESARROLLO HUMANO

EN QUE SE ENCUENTRAS LOS INMIGRANTES

RURALES IRREGULARES

-DE LA VECINA NACION DE HAITI-

QUE VIENEN :

1.A REPUBLICA DOMINICANA...movidos por

EL HAMBRE...

1.1.A QUEMAR LOS BOSQUES DOMINICANOS,

A.PARA HACER CARBON.

B.PARA LA PRACTICA DEL CONUQUISMO

C.EN EL ANO 2019...

by animals, by wood-burning or

Y FINALMENTE LA ENERGIA UTILIZADA

ERA LA FUERZA DEL AGUA...

1.REPRESADA.

2.CANALIZADA...by water-power.

CON EL PROCESO DE INDUSTRIALIZACION

TODAS ESAS FUENTES DE ENERGIA O

FUENTES ENERGETICAS...

With industrialisation these sources of fuel were

FUERON REEMPAZADAS POR EL CARBON...

1. PERO NO POR CARBON VEGETAL,

DEFORESTANDO LOS BOSQUES PARA

QUEDARSE IN AGUAN EN EL FUTURO...

2. POR CARBON DE MINAS, POR CARBON

DE HULLA...

replaced with coal,

POR QUE SE USO EL CARBON?

1. POR SU ALTA PRODUCTIVIDAD

ENERGETICA, si se compara con todas

las FUENTES PRE-EXISTENTES...

which could deliver significantly more energy than the alternatives.

EL PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE LA EPOCA,

en lugares como MANCHESTER, INGLATERRA

(1870)

VINO DISENADO PARA EL USO DEL CARBON,

COMO MATRIZ ENERGETICA:

1. NUEVA.

2. REVOLUCIONARIA, para dicha epoca.

Much of the new technology that accompanied the industrial revolution was for machines which could be powered by coal.

QUE PROBLEMA DE SOSTENIBILIDAD TRAJO

COMO CONSECUENCIA, LA MATRIZ A CARBON

hasta la exploracion de la ENERGIA NUCLEAR,

CON FINES PACIFICOS E INDUSTRIALES?

1. EMISIONES DE CO2.

2. CONSUMOS INCREMENTALES O DEMANDAS

INCREMENTALES DE ENERGIA, para mantener

EL CRECIMINETO DEL NUEVO SECTOR LIDER,

-DE LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL-

LA INDUSTRIA....

1. EN PAISES INDUSTRIALES.

2. EN PAISES POST-INDUSTRIALES.

One outcome of this was an increase in the overall amount of energy consumed within the economy - a trend which has continued in all industrialised nations to the present day.[8].

EL PROCESO TAN CRITICADO POR EL

PENSAMIENTO ECONOMICO MARXISTA,

llamado :

ACUMULACION DE CAPITAL O DE CAPITALES

Fue EL unico mecanismo EXITOSO a nivel

MUNDIAL (1870-2019), para que CADA PAIS,

CADA EMPRENDEDOR,

CADA INDUSTRIAL,

CADA MYPIME,

CADA EXPORTADOR O EXPORTADORA...

Pudiera:

1l AHORRAR.

2. INVERTIR.

3. REINVERTIR

DESDE SUS RESPECTIVAS;

1. MICRO-ECONOMIAS o presupuestos:

1.1. PERSONALES.

1.2. FAMILIARES

2. DESDE SUS MICRO-UNIDADES DE :

PRODUCCION DE RIQUEZA,  POR VIAS

RENTABLES,

SOSTENIBLES,

LUCRATIVAS,

BANCARIZABLES,

DESDE EL MICRO-CREDITO,

FINANCIERA Y CONTABLEMENTE:

PROYECTABLES, EN ESTUDIOS DE FACTIBILIDAD

ECONOMICOS Y FINANCIEROS, EN MERCADOS

-ABIERTOS O COMPETITIVOS, GLOBALIZADOS-

FUE LA ACUMULACION DE CAPITAL...

1. EL FACTOR CRITICO DE EXITO EN

1.1.LA SOSTENIBILIDAD / RENTABILIDAD,

1.2.DEL PROCESO DE:

 INDUSTRIALIZACION,

-CAPITALISTA, OCCIDENTAL-

(MANCHESTER, 1870-2019)...

1. FACILITANDO ASI:

LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE DINERO PARA

LA INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS BASICAS,

-EN INVESTIGACION & DESARROLLO (I+D)-

DE NUEVOS PRODUCTOS & NUEVOS

SERVICIOS...

2. LA INVESTIGACION EN I+D, para producir:

NOVEDADES EN CIENCIAS TICs.

3. LA INVESTIGACION EN CIENCIAS BASICAS

EN GENERAL, gracias a los

EXCEDENTES GENERADOS POR EL :

3.1 COMERCIO GLOBALIZADO.

3.2. POR LA INDUSTRIA EXPORTADORA

EN CADA PAIS CAPITALISTA OCCIDENTAL

E INDUSTRIAL.

The accumulation of capital allowed investments in the scientific conception and application of new technologies, enabling the industrialisation process to continue to evolve.

PERO EL TRABAJADOR O LA TRABAJADORA

INDUSTRIALES, NO SE PARECEN EN NADA:

1.A LOS AGRICULTORES,

2.NI A LOS GANADEROS,

DE LA ERA PRE-INDUSTRIAL....

The industrialisation process formed a

EL OBRERO O LA OBRERA INDUSTRIAL

NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR COMIDA,

NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR UN PLATO

DE HABICHUELAS AL DIA...

NO VIVE NI TRABAJA POR CAMA, POR

ALOJAMIENTO...

ES UN CONSUMIDOR O CONSUMIDORA EN

TADA REGLA, CONLAS NECESIDADES DE :

UN ESPECIALISTA...

1. NECESITA LEER, ESTAR INFORMADO

DE SU OFICIO, CARRERA, PROFESION,

EN EL MUNDO....

2. NECESITA VIVIR EN UN VECINDARIO DIGNO

DE SU TRABAJO, COMO ESPECIALISTA, NO

EN BARRACAS, COMO LOS ESCLAVOS, NI

COMO LOS AGRICULTORES DE SUBSISTENCIA.

3. NECESITA PODER EDUCAR A SUS NINOS Y

NINAS, PODRE MANDARLOS A LA:

3.1. ESCUELA.

3.2. A LA UNIVERSIDAD. a cultivara sus talentos,

sus multiples inteligencias, con la ayuda o respaldo

de las NEUROCIENCIAS...

1.Child-Girl Developmental Sciences on

Psychology.

1.1. PAIDOLOGY SCIENCES.

1.2. ANDRAGOGY SCIENCES.

1.3. LEARNING SCIENCES.

1.4. SPORT SCIENCES.

1.5. LEISURE SCIENCES.

1.6 SELF-DIRECTED SCIENCES.

17. GAME LEARNING SCIENCES.

18. PROBLEM BASED LEARNING SCIENCES.

19. STRATEGICAL SCIENCES.

20 . LOGISTICS SCIENCES.

21. STATISTICAL SCIENCES.

22. MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.

23. TIME MANAGEMENT SCIENCES.

24. MARKETING OR PSYCHOGRAPHIC

-CONSUMERS/ PROSUMERS:-

 BEHAVIOUR SCIENCES.

25. WEALTH CREATION BY INNOVATION

SCIENCES AND CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

PROCESS (JOSEPH SCHUMPETER, 1921).

26. EXPERTISE IN MARKETS UNDER

THORSTEIN VEBLEN EFFECTS (1899-2029).

27. EXPERTISE IN GLOBAL MARKETS

UNDER IMPULSE AND GLOBAL TRENDS

OF LUXURY CONSUMPTION PROCESSES

FOR GLOBAL SERVICES AND GLOBAL

GOOS, OR CONSPICUOUS

-RESPONSIBLE & LUXURY, BUT SUSTAINABLE-

 CONSUMER, AS GLOBAL CITIZEN.

 (VEBLEN: INSTITUTIONAISM,1899-2009):

LA DIFERENCIA DEL TRABAJADOR O

TRABAJADORA NO ES QUE SOLAMENTE,

ES:

1. UN TRABAJADOR O TRABAJADORA,

LIBRE...

DE ELEGIR A QUIEN VENDERLE SU :

FUERZA DE TRABAJO...

1. DE SUS TALENTTOS.

2. DE SUS IDEAS,

3. DE SUS PROYECTOS..

4. DE SUS EXPERIENCIAS, SUENOS,

-KNOW HOW, COMPETENCIAS, HISTORIAS-

EN FUNCION DE SU ETHOS PERSONAL,

EN FUNCION DE SU ESTILO DE VIDA,

EN FUNCION DE SUS CREENCIAS RELIGIOSAS,

EN FUNCION DEL USO QUE SE LE DAR,

EN UNO O VARIOS MERCADO MUNDIALES,

A TALES IDEAS, PROYECTOS, DISENOS,

PROPUESTAS....

ALGO QUE NO PUDIERON JAMAS ELEGIR:

1. NI LOS SIERVOS DE LA GLEBA.

2. NI LOS ESCLAVOS EN LA HISTORIA

DE LA HUMANIDAD...

 class of industrial workers who had more money to spend than their agricultural cousins. They spent this on items such as tobacco and sugar, creating new mass markets that stimulated more investment as merchants sought to exploit them.[9]

The mechanisation of production spread to the countries surrounding England geographically in Europe such as France and to British

SETTLER COLONIES...

settler colonies,

HELPING TO MAKE THOSE AREAS

helping to make those areas

1. THE WEALTHIEST

2. AND SHAPING

the wealthiest, and shaping what is

3. NOW KNOWN AS THE:

WESTERN WORLD.

now known as the Western world.

SOMOE ECONOMIC HITORIANS ARGUE..

Some economic historians argue that the

1. possession of so-called 'exploitation colonies'

2.eased the accumulation of capital to the countries that possessed them,

3. speeding up their development.[10]

The consequence was that the

1.SUBJECTED COUNTRY

subject country

2.INTEGRATED A BIGGER ECONOMIC

SYSTEM

integrated a bigger economic system

IN A SUBALTERN POSITION, EMULATING

in a subaltern position, emulating

THE COUNTRYSIDE

 the countryside,

WHICH DEMANDS MANUFACTURED

GOODS

which demands manufactured goods

AND OFFER RAW MATERIALS

and offers raw materials,

WHILE THE COLONIAL POWER

while the colonial power

STRESSED ITS URBAN POSTURE

stressed its urban posture,

1. PROVIDING GOODS.

2. IMPORTING FOOD

 providing goods and importing food.

A classical example of this mechanism

IS SAID THE TRIANGULAR

TRADE

is said to be the triangular trade,

which involved England, southern

United States and WESTERN AFRICA

western Africa.

Some have stressed

THE IMPORANTACE OF:

1. NATURAL.

2. FINANCIAL

RESOURCES

the importance of natural or financial resources

that Britain received from its

MANY OVER SEAS COLONIES

many overseas colonies or

THAT PROFITS FROM DE SLAVE TRADE

 that profits from the British slave trade

BETWEEN AFRICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN

 between Africa and the Caribbean

HELPED FUEL INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT

 helped fuel industrial investment.[11]

With these arguments still find some favour

WITH HISTORIANS OF THE COLONIES

with historians of the colonies,

MOST HISTORIANS OF THE BRITISH

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

most historians of the British Industrial Revolution

DO NOT CONDIDER

 do not consider

THAT COLONIAL POSSESSIONS

 that colonial possessions

FORMED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE

formed a significant role

IN THE COUNTRY INDUSTRIALIZATION

 in the country's industrialisation.

 Whilst not denying that Britain

COULD PROFIT FROM THESE ARRANGEMENTS

could profit from these arrangement,

THEY BELIEVE THAT INDUSTRIALIZATION

WOULD HAVE PROCEEDED

1. WITH.

2. WITHOUT

THE COLONIES...

they believe that industrialisation would have proceeded with or without the colonies.[12]

Early industrialisation in other countries

THE TEXTILE INDUSTRIALIZATION:

SLOVENA (1891): Zilina (Slovaquia).

The textile factory Slovena built in 1891 in Žilina (Slovakia) - an example of a delayed industrialisation in Central Europe.

BELGIUM WAS THE FIRST COUNTRY TO

DEVELOP

1. A PROPER INDUSTRY.

2. IN CONTINENTAL EUROPE.

3. BELGIUM WAS THE SECOND IN THE

WORLD (AFTER UNITED KINGDOM)
Belgium was the first country to develop a proper industry in continental Europe and was the second in the world (after the United Kingdom).

IN GERMAN,

FRANCE,

AUSTRIA,

BOHEMIA,

SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES:

A REAL MODERN INDUSTRIALIZATION:

STARTED ONLY IN 1840s....

In Germany, France, Austria, Bohemia and Scandinavian countries a real modern industrialisation started only in 1840s.

IN POLAND,

SLOVAKIA,

HUNGARY

started after: 1880s

 In Poland, Slovakia, Hungary after 1880

AND IN BALTICS,

UKRAINE,

AND RUSSIA

and in Baltics, Ukraine and Russia after 1890.

After the Convention of Kanagawa

 issued by Commodore Matthew C. Perry

FORCED JAPAN

forced Japan to

OPEN THE PORTS

open the ports of

1. Shimoda and

2.Hakodate to AmericanTRADE

 trade, the Japanese government

realised that drastic reforms were

NECESSARY TO STAVE OFF

WESTERN INFLUENCE.

necessary to stave off Western influence.

The Tokugawa shogunate

ABOLISHED THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

abolished the feudal system.

The government instituted military reforms

 to modernise the Japanese army

AND ALSO

and also

CONSTRUCTED THE BASE

FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION

constructed the base for industrialisation.

 In the 1870s,

THE MEIJI GOVERNMENT

 the Meiji government

VIGOROUSLY PROMOTED

1. TECHNOLOGICAL

2. INDUSTRIAL

vigorously promoted technological and industrial

DEVELOPMENT

THAT EVENTUALLY

1. CHANGED JAPANA

development that eventually changed Japan

2. TO A POWERFUL .

3. MODERN COUNTRY

 to a powerful modern country.

In a similar way, Russia which suffered during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The Soviet Union's centrally controlled economy decided to invest a big part of its resources to enhance its industrial production and infrastructures to assure its survival, thus becoming a world superpower.[13]

During the Cold war, the other European socialist countries, organised under the Comecon framework, followed the same developing scheme, albeit with a less emphasis on heavy industry.

Southern European countries such as Spain or Italy saw a moderate industrialisation during the final years of XIX century and then a boom in 1950s-1970s, caused by a healthy integration of the European economy[14][15]

The Third World
Main article: Third World
A similar state-led developing programme was pursued in virtually all the Third World countries during the Cold War, including the socialist ones, but especially in Sub-Saharan Africa after the decolonisation period.[citation needed] The primary scope of those projects was to achieve self-sufficiency through the local production of previously imported goods, the mechanisation of agriculture and the spread of education and health care. However, all those experiences failed bitterly[citation needed] due to a lack of realism[citation needed]: most countries did not have a pre-industrial bourgeoisie able to carry on a capitalistic development or even a stable and peaceful state. Those aborted experiences left huge debts toward western countries and fuelled public corruption.[citation needed]

Petrol-producing countries
Oil-rich countries saw similar failures in their economic choices. An EIA report stated that OPEC member nations were projected to earn a net amount of $1.251 trillion in 2008 from their oil exports.[16] Because oil is both important and expensive, regions that had big reserves of oil had huge liquidity incomes. However, this was rarely followed by economic development. Experience shows that local elites were unable to re-invest the petrodollars obtained through oil export, and currency is wasted in luxury goods.[17]

This is particularly evident in the Persian Gulf states, where the per capita income is comparable to those of western nations, but where no industrialisation has started. Apart from two little countries (Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates), the Persian Gulf states have not diversified their economies, and no replacement for the upcoming end of oil reserves is envisaged.[18]

Industrialisation in Asia

Durgapur Steel Plant located in West Bengal, India
Apart from Japan, where industrialisation began in the late 19th century, a different pattern of industrialisation followed in East Asia. One of the fastest rates of industrialisation occurred in the late 20th century across four places known as the Asian tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), thanks to the existence of stable governments and well structured societies, strategic locations, heavy foreign investments, a low cost skilled and motivated workforce, a competitive exchange rate, and low custom duties.[citation needed]

In the case of South Korea, the largest of the four Asian tigers, a very fast-paced industrialisation took place as it quickly moved away from the manufacturing of value-added goods in the 1950s and 60s into the more advanced steel, shipbuilding and automotive industry in the 1970s and 80s, focusing on the high-tech and service industry in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result, South Korea became a major economic power.

This starting model was afterwards successfully copied in other larger Eastern and Southern Asian countries. The success of this phenomenon led to a huge wave of offshoring – i.e., Western factories or Tertiary Sector corporations choosing to move their activities to countries where the workforce was less expensive and less collectively organised.

China and India, while roughly following this development pattern, made adaptations in line with their own histories and cultures, their major size and importance in the world, and the geo-political ambitions of their governments, etc..

Meanwhile, India's government is investing in economic sectors such as bioengineering, nuclear technology, pharmaceutics, informatics, and technologically oriented higher education, exceeding its needs, with the goal of creating several specialisation poles able to conquer foreign markets.

Both China and India have also started to make significant investments in other developing countries, making them significant players in today's world economy.

Newly industrialised countries
Main article: Newly industrialised country

The countries in green are considered to be newly industrialising nations. China and India (in dark green) are special cases.
Since the mid-late 20th century, a few countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, such as Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, and Turkey have experienced substantial industrial growth, fuelled by exporting to countries that have bigger economies: the United States, China, India and the EU. They are sometimes called newly industrialised countries.[citation needed]

Despite this trend being artificially influenced by the oil price increases since 2003, the phenomenon is not entirely new nor totally speculative (for instance see: Maquiladora).

Japan and Russia both were successful in the fact that they imitated many other societies giving them flexibility. Yet they both had very little in common before the 19th century. Japan was isolated from the world with its ongoing traditions and forms of centralised government. Russia featured a more strong centralised government under the emperor.

Both would soon discover that westernisation and industrialism were expanding and their own ways would not hold up against the new changing world of industrialisation. In the late 19th century the requirement for them to begin industrialising would become even more prevalent for the success of their nation in this new, growing society.

References
 Watt steam engine image: located in the lobby of the Superior Technical School of Industrial Engineers of the UPM (Madrid)
 Akrigg, B. (2019). Population and Economy in Classical Athens (Cambridge Classical Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139225250, page 95
 Om Prakash, "Empire, Mughal", History of World Trade Since 1450, edited by John J. McCusker, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 237–240, World History in Context. Retrieved 3 August 2017
 Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy (2009). How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850. Brill Publishers. p. 174. ISBN 9789047429975.
 József Böröcz (2009-09-10). The European Union and Global Social Change. Routledge. p. 21. ISBN 9781135255800. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
 The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England by Steven Kreis. Last Revised 11 October 2006. Accessed April 2008
 "Industrial Revolution". Archived from the original on 27 April 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
 Griffin, Emma. "Patterns of Industrialisation". Retrieved 9 March 2013.
 Enslavement and industrialisation Robin Blackburn , BBC British History. Published: 18 December 2006 Accessed April 2008
 Williams, Eric (1965). Capitalism and Slavery.
 Pomeranz, Kenneth (2000). The Great Divergence. Princeton University Press.
 Griffin, Emma (2010). A Short History of the British Industrial Revolution. Palgrave.
 Joseph Stalin and the industrialisation of the USSR Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine Learning Curve website, The UK National Archives. Accessed April 2008
 BOOM E MIRACOLO ITALIANO ANNI '50-60 (CRONOLOGIA)
 Queer transitions in contemporary Spanish culture: from Franco to la movida, By Gema Pérez-Sánchez
 OPEC to earn $1.251 trillion from oil exports - EIA, Reutrs
 Understanding New Middle East, Behzad Shahandeh, The Korea Times, 31 October 2007
 Background Note: Saudi Arabia
Categories: Modern economic historyIndustrialisation
Navigation menu
Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch
Search Wikipedia
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 22 September 2019, at 05:26 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view