NO te agites mucho, que esto no es pa' viejos, esto es pa' nosotros.... MILTON PELAEZ (1962) CANCION. -------- COMO SABEMOS SI LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA, FLORECE, EN SU INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCION? 1. EL TERMOMETRO? 2. LA ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE FERRETEROS, INC. 3. LOS FERRETEROS Y LAS FERRETERAS ESTAN EN TODAS PARTES, hasta en el ULTIMO RINCON DE LA GEOGRAFIA ECONOMICA, DE LA NACION Y DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA... QUE ES UNA FERRETERIA? 1. UNA EMPRESA, que cuenta con una : PATENTE DE COMERCIO. 2. UNA EMPRESA IMPORTADORA, ESENCIALMENTE.... ------------ Juan Pablo Duarte. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Juan Pablo Duarte, Oil portrait by the Dominican painter Abelardo Rodríguez Urdaneta. Juan Pablo Duarte (January 26, 1813 – July 15, 1876)[1] was a Dominican: 1. writer, 2.activist, 3.poet, 4.military leader 5. AND LIBERAL POLITICIAN and liberal politician who was one of the "founding fathers" of the Dominican Republic. AS ON OF THE MOST CELEBRATED As one of the most celebrated figures in Dominican history, Duarte is considered 1. A FOLK HERO. 2. REVOLUTIONARY VISIONARY 3. IN THE MODERN a folk hero and revolutionary visionary in the modern Dominican Republic, who along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, organized and promoted the movement, a secret society known as La Trinitaria, that EVENTUALLY LED eventually led to the Dominican revolt and independence FROM HAITIAN RULE from Haitian rule in 1844 AND START OF A DECENIAL DOMINICAN WAR and the start of a decennial Dominican War of Independence. DUARTE: 1. HELPED. 2. INSPIRE. 3. FINANCE. Duarte helped inspire and finance THE DOMINICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE the Dominican War of Independence, PAYING A HEAVY TOLL WHICH WOULD EVENTUALLY RUIN HIM FINANCIALLY. paying a heavy toll which would eventually ruin him financially. HIS LIBERAL VIEWS MADE HIM A CONTROVERSIAL FIGURE His liberal views made him a controversial figure among conservative and powerful Dominicans of the time, AND HE WAS EXILED ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS Oand he was exiled on numerous occasions after the founding of the new nation. HIS LIBERAL VIEWS His liberal views went against the conservative elites who sought for heavy-handed control of the nation, and wanted to MAINTAIN THE TRADITIONAL REGIONALISM maintain the traditional regionalisms of the past. Duarte had strong disagreements with the republic's first president, Pedro Santana, AS SANTANA WAS A TYRANNICAL FIGURE... as Santana was a tyrannical figure. Ultimately, Duarte would spend many years away from the nation he helped shape and WOULD DIE IN EXILE would die in exile, which MADE HIM A POLITICAL MARTYR made him a political martyr IN THE EYES OF SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS in the eyes of subsequent generations. Contents 1 Early years 2 The struggle for independence 3 Legacy and honors 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links. Early years. Duarte was born on 26 January 1813 in Santo Domingo, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo[1] DURING THE PERIOD COMMONLY CALLED: ESPANA BOBA during the period commonly called España Boba. In his memoirs, the trinitarian José María Serra de Castro described Duarte as a man with a; 1. rosy complexion, 2.thin lips, 3.blue eyes, and a 4.golden hair that contrasted with his thick, 5.dark moustache.[2] Duarte was born into a: 1. MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY middle-class family that 2. WAS DEDICATED 3. MARITIME TRADE was dedicated to maritime trade and 4. HARDWARE IN THE PORT AREA hardware in the port area of Santo Domingo.[3] HIS FATHER WAS... His father was Juan José Duarte Rodríguez, 1.A PENINSULAR a Peninsular 2.FROM VEJER DE LA FRONTERA from Vejer de la Frontera, 3. KINGDOM OF SEVILLES 4. SPAIN Kingdom of Seville, Spain, AND HIS MOTHER WAS... and his mother was Manuela Díez Jiménez FROM EL SEIBO from El Seibo, Captaincy General of Santo Domingo; three (3) of Duarte's GRANDPARENTES WERE EUROPEANS grandparents were Europeans.[a] 1. DUARTE HAD 9 SIBLINGS Duarte had 9 siblings: his eldest brother, Vicente Celestino Duarte (1802–1865), a tall, long-haired brunette man, was a STORE OWNER store owner, WOODCUTTER AND CATTLE RANCHER woodcutter and cattle rancher who was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico; one of Duarte's sisters was ROSA PROTOMARTIR DUARTE Rosa Protomártir Duarte (1820–1888), A PERFORMER WHO COLLABORATED WITH HIM a performer who collaborated with him WITHIN INDEPENDECE MOVEMENT within the Independence movement. In 1802 the Duarte FAMILY MIGRATED family migrated from Santo Domingo to Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.[5] THEY EVADING THE UNREST CAUSED BY THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION IN THE ISLAND. They were evading the unrest caused by the Haitian Revolution in the island. MANY DOMINICAN FAMILIES LEFT THE ISLAND DURING THIS PERIOD Many Dominican families left the island during this period.[6] TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE Toussaint Louverture, governor of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), a former colony of France located on the western third of Hispaniola,[7][8] ARRIVED TO THE CAPITAL OF SANTO DOMINGO arrived to the capital of Santo Domingo, located on the island's eastern two-thirds, 1.THE PREVIOUS YEAR the previous year 2. AND PROCLAIMED THE END OF SLAVERY and proclaimed the end of slavery (although the changes were not permanent). At the time, France and Saint-Domingue (the western third of the island), were going through exhaustive social movements, namely, the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. IN OCCUPYING THE SPANIS SIDE OF THE ISLAND In occupying the Spanish side of the island 1.LOUVERTURE WAS USING AS PRETEXT L'Ouverture was using as a pretext 2.THE PREVIOUS AGREEMENT the previous agreements 3. BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT between the governments OF FRANCE AND SPAIN of France and Spain in the IN THE PEACE OF BASEL (SIGNED, 1795) Peace of Basel signed in 1795, WHICH HAS GIVEN THE SPANISH AREA TP FRANCE. which had given the Spanish area to France. Upon arrival in Santo Domingo, Louverture immediately sought to abolish slavery in Dominican territory, although complete abolition of slavery in Santo Domingo CAME WITH RENEWED HAITIAN PRESENCE IN EARLY 1822 came with renewed Haitian presence in early 1822. PUERTO RICO... Puerto Rico was still a Spanish colony, AND MAYAGUEZ and Mayagüez, being so close to Hispaniola, JUST ACROSS THE MONA PASSAGE, just across the Mona Passage, HAD BECOME A REFUGE FOR WEALTHY INMIGRANTS had become a refuge for wealthy migrants FROM SANTO DOMINGO LIKE THE DUARTES from Santo Domingo like the Duartes AND OTHER NATIVE BORN and other native born on the Spanish side WHO DID NO ACCEPT HAITIAN RULE who did not accept Haitian rule. Most scholars assume that the Duartes' first son, Vicente Celestino, was born here at this time on the EASTER SIDE OF MONA PASSAGE eastern side of the Mona Passage. The family returned to Santo Domingo in 1809, however, AFTER SPANISH RECONQUEST SANTO DOMINGO after the Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo. In 1819, DUARTE ENROLLED IN MANUEL AYBAR'S SCHOOL Duarte enrolled in Manuel Aybar's school WHERE HE LEARNED: 1. READING. 2. WRITING. 3.GRAMMAR 4. ARITHMETIC where he learned reading, writing, grammar and arithmetic. HE WAS DISCIPLE OF DR. JUAN VICENTE MOSCOSO He was a disciple of Dr. Juan Vicente Moscoso FROM HE OBTAINED HIS HIGHER EDUCATION from whom he obtained his higher education 1. IN LATIN. 2. PHILOSOPHY. 3. LAW. in Latin, philosophy and law, DUE TO THE CLOSURE THE UNIVERSITY BY THE HAITIAN AUTHORITIES due to the closure of the university by the Haitian authorities. AFTER THE EXILE After the exile of Dr. Moscoso to Cuba, HIS ROLE WAS CONTINUED BY THE PRIEST GASPAR HERENANDEZ. his role was continued by the priest Gaspar Hernández. Ancestors of Juan Pablo Duarte The struggle for independence LA TRINITARIA WAS THE ORGANIZER La Trinitaria was the organizer of the formation and independence of the Dominican Republic. IN DECEMBER 1821... In December 1821, WHEN DUARTE WAS EIGHT (8) YEARS OLD when Duarte was eight years old, MEMBERS OF THE CREOLE ELITE OF SANTO DOMINGO'S members of a Creole elite of Santo Domingo's CAPITAL PROCLAIME ITS INDEPENDENCE capital proclaimed its independence FROM SPANISH RULE from Spanish rule, calling themselves HAITI ESPANOL. Haití Español. Historians today call this elite's brief courtship with sovereignty the EPHEMERAL INDEPENDENCE Ephemeral Independence. The most prominent leader of the coup against Spanish colonial government was one of its former supporters, JOSE NUNEZ DE CACERES José Núñez de Cáceres. These individuals were tired of being ignored by the Crown, and some were also concerned with the new liberal turn in Madrid. Their deed was not an isolated event. THE 1820 WAS TIME OF PROFOUND POLITICAL CHANGES... The 1820s was a time of profound political changes throughout the entire Spanish Atlantic World, WHICH AFFECTED DIRECTLY THE LIVES OR PETITE BOURGEOISIE which affected directly the lives of petite bourgeoisie LIKE THE DUARTES. like the Duartes. It began with the conflictive period between Spanish royalists and liberals in the Iberian Peninsula, which is known today as the TRIENIO LIBERAL AMERICAN PATRIOTS IN ARMS Trienio Liberal. American patriots in arms, like Simón Bolívar in South America, immediately reaped the fruits of Spain's destabilization, and began pushing back colonial troops. Even conservative elites in New Spain (like Agustín de Iturbide in Mexico), who had no intention of being ruled by SPANISH ANTICLERICALS Spanish anticlericals, MOVED TO BREAK TIES WITH THE CROWN IN SPAIN moved to break ties with the crown in Spain. Oil portrait of Juan Pablo Duarte. Exact replica of the only photograph that is preserved of him. Many others in Santo Domingo wanted independence from Spain for reasons much closer to home. Inspired by the revolution and independence on the island, Dominicans mounted a number of different movements and conspiracies in the period from 1809-1821 against slavery and colonialism.[9] Several towns asked for Haiti to help with Dominican independence weeks before the experiment of Haití Español even began.[10] The Cáceres provisional government requested support from Simón Bolivar's new government, BUT THEIR PETITION WAS IGNORED but their petition was ignored GIVEN THE INTERNAL CONFLICTS ONF THE GRAN COLOMBIA given the internal conflicts of the Gran Colombia.[11] . Meanwhile, a plan for unification with Haiti grew stronger. Haitian politicians wanted to keep the island out of the hands of European imperial powers and thus a way to safeguard the Haitian Revolution[citation needed]. Haiti's President Jean-Pierre Boyer SEND AN ARMY sent an army THAT TOOK OVER THE EASTER PORTION that took over the eastern portion of Hispaniola. Haiti then abolished slavery there once and for all, AND OCCUPIED AND ABSORBED and occupied and absorbed Santo Domingo into the Republic of Haiti. Struggles between Boyer and the old colonial HELPED PRODUCE A MIGRATION OF PLANTERS AND ELITE helped produce a migration of planters and elite. IT ALSO LED TO THE CLOSING OF THE UNIVERSITY It also led to the closing of the university. 1. FOLLOWING THE BURGEOISIE Following the bourgeoisie 2.custom of sending 3. PROMISING SONS ABROAD 4. FOR EDUCATION promising sons abroad for education, 5. THE DUARTE SENT JUAN PABLO 5.1. TO THE UNITED STATES the Duartes sent Juan Pablo to the United States 5.2. AND EUROPE and Europe in 1828[citation needed]. Statue of Duarte in Juan Pablo Duarte Square, New York City On July 16, 1838, Duarte and others established a secret patriotic society called La Trinitaria, which helped undermine Haitian occupation. Some of its first members included Juan Isidro Pérez, Pedro Alejandro Pina, Jacinto de la Concha, Félix María Ruiz, José María Serra, Benito González, Felipe Alfau, and Juan Nepomuceno Ravelo. LATER .... DUARTE AND OTHERS FOUNDED Later, Duarte and others founded A SOCIETY CALLED : LA FILANTROPICA a society called La Filantrópica, 1.WHICH HAD A MORE PUBLIC PRESENCE which had a more public presence, 2. SEEKING TO SPREAD 3. VEILED IDEAS OF LIBERATION seeking to spread veiled ideas of liberation THROUGH THEATRICAL STAGES through theatrical stages. All of this, along with the help of many who wanted to be rid of the Haitians who ruled over Dominicans led to the proclamation of independence on February 27, 1844 (Dominican War of Independence). However, Duarte HAD BEEN EXILED TO CARACAS had already been exiled to Caracas, Venezuela THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR HIS INSURGENT CONDUCT the previous year for his insurgent conduct. He continued to correspond with members of his family and members of the independence movement[citation needed]. Independence could not be denied AND AFTER MANY STRUGGLES, THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC WAS BORN and after many struggles, the Dominican Republic was born. A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERMENT WAS ESTABLISHED A republican form of government was established where a free people would hold ultimate power AND THROUGH THE VOTING PROCESS and, through the voting process, would give RISE TO DEMOCRACY rise to a democracy where every citizen would, in theory, be equal and free. Duarte was supported by many as a candidate for the presidency of the new-born Republic. MELLA WANTED DUARTE TO SIMPLY DECLARE HIMSELF PRESIDENT Mella wanted Duarte to simply declare himself president. DUARTE NEVER GIVING UP... Duarte never giving up ON THE PRINCIPLES on the principles 1. DEMOCRACY. 2. FAIRNES BY WHICH HE LIVED of democracy and fairness by which he lived, 3. WOULD ONLY ACCEPT IF VOTED 4. IN BY A MAJORITY would only accept if voted in by a majority of the Dominican people[citation needed]. DUARTE HAD A DEFINITE CONCEPT OF THE DOMINICAN NATION Duarte had a definite concept of the DOMINICAN NATION AND ITS MEMBERS. Dominican nation and its members. His conception of a republic was that of A REPUBLIC. 1. ANTI-COLONIAL. 2. LIBERAL. 3. PROGRESSIVE PATRIOT. a republican, anticolonial, liberal and progressive patriot. At that time HE DRAFTED A DRAFT CONSTITUTION he drafted a draft constitution THAT CLEARL STATES that clearly states that the DOMINICAN FLAG Dominican flag CANN SHELTER ALL RACES can shelter all races, WITHOUT EXCLUDING OR GIVING PREDOMINANCE without excluding or giving predominance TO ANY. to any. However, the forces of those favoring SPANISH SOUVEREIGHTY AS PROTECTION Spanish sovereignty as protection FROM CONTINUED HAITIAN THREATS AND INVASIONS from continued Haitian threats and invasions, led by general Pedro Santana, A LARGE LANDWONER a large landowner from the eastern lowlands, TOOK OVER AND EXILE DUARTE IN 1845 took over and exiled Duarte. In 1845, SANTANA EXILED THE ENTIRE DUARTE FAMILY Santana exiled the entire Duarte family. After more but unsuccessful Haitian invasions, internal disorder, and his and others’ misrule, SANTANA TURNED THE COUNTRY BACK INTO A COLONY OF SPAIN (1861) Santana turned the country back into a colony of Spain in 1861, was awarded the HEREDITARY TITLE OF MARQUESS OF LAS CARRERAS hereditary title of Marquess of Las Carreras by the Spanish Queen Isabella II, and died in 1864. Duarte's family in Venezuela DID NOT TOO BADLY... 1. THEY LIVED. 2. THEY WORKED did not do too badly, they lived and worked in an affluent area.[citation needed] Duarte's cousin Manuel Diez became VICE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNTRY Vice President of the country and helped shelter his kinsman.[citation needed] DUARTE'S FAMILY WAS KNOW TO PRODUCE CANDLES Duarte's family was known to produce candles, THIS WAS A MAJOR RETAIL AD WHOLESALE PRODUCT this was a major retail and wholesale product SINCE LIGHT BULBS FOR LIGHTING HAD NOT BEEN INVENTD YET. since light bulbs for lighting had not been invented yet. While not luxuriously rich an income was available for the Duarte's.[citation needed] JUAN PABLO DUARTE 1. BEING A MAN OF ACTION 2. AS WELL OF HIGH LEVEL OF CURIOSITY Juan Pablo being a man of action as well of a high level of curiosity went off to live in the Venezuela, there he had some contacts and he made off to meet with them. The Venezuela of this period was wracked by a series of civil wars and internal dissensions. Duarte even though he and his family were already by this time residents of the country, still felt ambivalent about openly participating in the country's political life, all this despite the fact that the aforementioned cousin Manuel Antonio Díez from the Vice Presidency, went on to become President of Venezuela in an Ad Tempore capacity. DUARTE TRAVELS... 1. IN VENEZUELA. Duarte travels in Venezuela 2. INVOLVED. 3. STUDYING INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S involved studying the indigenous people's 4. AND LEARNING FROM: 4.1. BLACK. 4.2 MULATTO COMMUNITIES. 4.3. AS WELL OBSERVING AS MUCH HE COULD OF THE : VENEZUELA OF HIS TIME. S and learning from the black and mulatto communities as well as observing as much as he could of the Venezuela of his time. DUARTE WAS AN EXTREMELY EDUCATED MAN... 1. FLUENT IN M A N Y LANGUAGES. 2. HE WAS A FORMER SOLDIER. 3. HE WAS A TEACHER. Duarte was an extremely educated man, fluent in many languages, he was a former soldier and teacher. THESE ABILITIES HELPED HIM SURVIVE... These abilities helped him survive AND THRIVE : 1. IN THOSE PLACES. 2. HE TRAVELLED. and thrive in those places he travelled. It also MARKET HIM AS ON OTUSIDER marked him as an outsider, SINCE HE CAME FROM A CARIBBEAN since he came from a caribbean country he probably sounded much different than most of the Spanish speakers around him.[citation needed] However Santo Domingo and the Republic THAT HE HAD HELPED FATHER that he had helped father WERE ALSO HIGHLY LIKE ALWAYS were also highly likely always 1.CLOSE TO HIS THEAR 2.AND HIS MIND. close to his heart and his mind. So he was very much a man divided 1., excited and deeply moved 2.by the current surroundings, people's 3. and events around him, however VERY MUCH THINKING very much thinking ABOUT HIS BELOEVED LAND AND PEOPLE about his beloved land and people WHOM HE SACRIFICED SO MUCH FOR. whom he sacrificed so much for. A MAN IN A CONTEMPLATIVE: MOOD A man in a contemplative mood, WOUNDED BY THE DRASTIC EXPULSION SUCH AS HE SUFFERED wounded by the drastic expulsion such as he suffered, WOULD HAVE VERY LITTLE TIME would have very little time FOR LONG TERM WIFE for a long term wife, CHILDREN OR TRUE STABILITY children or true stability. Only known photo of Juan Pablo Duarte. Taken by the Venezuelan photographer Prospero Agustín Rey Medrero in Venezuela, in 1873. Duarte, then living in Venezuela, 1.WAS MADE THE DOMINICAN CONSUL was made the Dominican Consul 2. AND PROVIDED WITH A PENSION and provided with a pension 3. TO HONOR HIM FOR HIS SACRIFICE to honor him for his sacrifice. But even this after some time WAS NOT HONORED AND HE LOST: 1. COMMISION. 2. PENSION was not honored and he lost commission and pension. He, Juan Pablo Duarte, 1. THE POET. 2. THE PHILOSOPHER. 3. THE WRITER. 4. ACTOR. 5. SOLDIER. 6. GENERAL. 7. DREAMER. 8. HERO. the poet, philosopher, writer, actor, soldier, general, dreamer and hero DIED NOBLY IN CARACAS died nobly in Caracas[1] AT THE AGE OF 63... at the age of 63. His remains were transferred to DOMINICAN SOIL IN 1884 Dominican soil in 1884 —IRONICALLY, BY PRESIDENT AND DICTATOR: ULISES HEUREAUX ironically, by president and dictator Ulises Heureaux, 1. AND GIVEN A PROPER BURIAL. 2 FULL HONORS. and given a proper burial with full honors. He is entombed in a beautiful mausoleum, THE ALTAR DE LA PATRIA the Altar de la Patria, at the Count's Gate (Puerta del Conde), alongside Sanchez and Mella, who at that spot fired the rifle shot THAT PROPELLED THEM INTO LEGEND that propelled them into legend. Legacy and honors Juan Pablo Duarte memorial, Roger Williams Park, Providence, Rhode Island Duarte's birth is commemorated by Dominicans every January 26. A memorial to Duarte stands in Roger Williams Park in Providence, Rhode Island[12] A bronze statue to Duarte was erected at the intersection of 6th Avenue and Canal Street in New York City in 1978.[13] St. Nicholas Avenue in Manhattan is co-named Juan Pablo Duarte Boulevard from Amsterdam Avenue and West 162nd Street to the intersection of West 193rd Street and Fort George Hill.[14] See also History of the Dominican Republic Notes. HIS PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS WERE: MANUEL DUARTE JIMENEZ His paternal grandparents were Manuel Duarte Jiménez and ANA MARIA RODRIGUEZ DE TAPIA Ana María Rodríguez de Tapia, BOTH FROM VEJER DE LA FRONTERA both from Vejer de la Frontera (Kingdom of Seville, Spain). HIS MATERNAL GRAN PARENTS WERE: ANTONIO DIEZ BAILLO His maternal grandparents were Antonio Díez Baillo, FROM OSORNO LA MAYOR from Osorno la Mayor (PROVINCE OF TORO, Spain), AND RUFINA JIMENEZ BENITEZ and Rufina Jiménez Benítez, WHO WAS BORN IN ELSEYBO who was born in El Seybo (Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, New Spain).[4] References. "Juan Pablo Duarte Biography". Biography.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2010-07-26. Serra, José María (1887). Apuntes para la historia de los trinitarios. Santo Domingo: Imprenta García Hermanos. Mendez Mendez, Serafin (2003). "Juan Pablo Duarte". Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN 0313314438. González Hernández, Julio Amable (23 October 2015). "Los ancestros de Juan Pablo Duarte". Cápsulas Genealógicas en Areíto (in Spanish). Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2015. www.colonialzone-dr.com Deive, Carlos Esteban (1989). LAS EMIGRACIONES DOMINICANAS A CUBA Las emigraciones Dominicanas a Cuba, 1795-1808. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana. "Hispaniola Article". Britannica.com. Retrieved 4 January 2014. "Dominican Republic 2014". Retrieved 24 April 2014. Lora Hugi, Quisqueya. "EL SONIDO DE LA LIBERTAD". Mackenzie, Charles (1830). Notes on Haiti made during a residence in that republic. London: Henry Coleburn and Richard Bentley. p. 235. "Venezuela tiene deuda histórica con Haití". "Historic Figure: Juan Pablo Duarte - Providence, RI". Photo-Ops. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017. "Duarte Square". NYC Parks. NYC Parks Department. Retrieved 19 April 2017. "MAYOR GUILIANI SIGNS BILL Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill That Names Section of St. Nicholas Avenue IN HONOR OF JUAN PABLO DUARTE in Honor of Juan Pablo Duarte" (Press release). New York City Mayor's Office. February 22, 2000. Retrieved 2010-05-29. External links Haggerty, Richard A., ed. (1989). Dominican Republic: A country study. Federal Research Division. Haiti and Santo Domingo. Authority control Edit this at Wikidata BNE: XX911147BNF: cb121298352 (data)GND: 105472864XISNI: 0000 0000 5956 7862LCCN: n50032278SUDOC: 029739004VIAF: 75095386WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 75095386 Categories: 1813 births1876 deathsPeople from Santo DomingoDominican Republic people of Spanish descent19th-century Dominican Republic poetsDominican Republic male poetsCaribbean writersHistory of the Dominican RepublicDuarte ProvincePeople of the Dominican War of Independence19th-century male writersDominican Republic emigrants to VenezuelaFlag designersIndependence activists Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية বাংলা Deutsch Español Français Italiano Português Русский 中文 11 more Edit links This page was last edited on 18 November 2019, at 19:41 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view ------------ Empecemos ¿QUE ES INNOVACION PUBLICA? ---------- La innovación pública busca generar propuesta no concenso.... ---------- DESDE LA NOCHE DEL 27 de febrero de 1844, LA ECONOMIA & EL MODELO DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL, 1. HUMANO. 2. ECONOMICO. 3.ENDOGENO, -PROPIO. ORIGINAL- de la nacion y de la REPUBLICA DOMINCANA, han logrado construir : 1. CON LAS MANOS DOMINICANAS. 2. CON LOS CUERPOS DOMINICANOS, 3. CON LAS VOCES DOMINICANOS... 4...CON LOS CEREBROS...DOMINICANOS, lLO QUE AFIRMO.... afirmo en su momento: el procer JOSE MARTI: NUESTRO VINO, ES AGRIO, PERO ES EL NUESTRO.... EL MISMO INDIVIDUO DEL TRABUCAZO, MATIAS RAMON MELLA, en tiempos de PAZ, como CIENTIFICO DOMINICANO, fue uno de los PRIMEROS MINISTROS, contratados como: 1. EMPLEADO PUBLICO. 2. SERVIDOR PUBLICO. 3. FUNCIONARIO PUBLICO. 4. COMO MINISTRO PUBLICO DOMINICANO del PRIMER MINISTERIO DE USOS INTENSIVOS DE TALENTOS CIENTIFICOS de la nacion dominicana, EN EL SIGLO XIX: MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA & COMERCIO.... 1.SIN DINERO. 2. SIN BANCA DE DESARROLLO, ningun sueno de AUTOSUFICIENCIA O SOBERANIA ALIMENTARIA, es posiblel... 3. SIN COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL DE IMPORTACION & EXPORTACION, ninguna de las INDUSTRIAS DOMINICANAS, puede FUNCIONAR ADECUADAMENTE... HEMOS LOGRADO EVOLUCIONAR COMO: ECONOMIA DOMINICANA, del CONUQUISMO a las explotaciones AGRICOLAS.... 1. RENTABLES. 2. SOSTENIBLES. 3. EXPORTADORAS... a los AGRO-NEGOCIOS, porque somos: UNA PATRIA CAMPESINA, AGROPECUARIA... de GENTE HUMILDE & PACIFICA, la cual LEJOS DE LAS CIUDADES, se levanta, de forma : OCCIDENTAL, DEMOCRATICA, CIVILIZADA, todos los dias del mundo a CUMPLIR COMO TRABAJADORES Y TRABAJADORAS, incluyendo a nuestros ninos y ninas, desde los 3 ANOS DE EDAD, el horario INFERNAL, el horario de la ANTROPOLOGIA DEL HAMBRE & DE LA MISERIA: CONCRETAS, DOMINICANAS... De 4 de la manana a 6 de la tarde... 1. Para producir: CANA DE AZUCAR. 2. Para productir: CAFE... 3. Para producir: CACAO. 4. Para producir: YUCA. 5. Para producir: PLATANOS 6. Para producir: HABICHUELAS. 7. Para producir : BANANOS... DE CALIDAD MUNDIAL O EXPORTABLE... PERO TAMBIEN PARA PRODUCIR : CARNE DE RES... CARNE DE VACA... Desde los emprendimientos PRODUCTIVOS de nuestras ganaderos y ganaderas, desde: SUS MYPIMES, EXPORTADORAS... ESA ES LA UNICA EXPLICACION DE: 1. Por que y como LLEGO LA CARNE DE RES, DOMINICANA, al exigente: MERCADO DE LA CHINA CONTINENTAL O CHINA COMUNISTA... 2. Pero el posicionamiento MUNDIAL de los productos agricolas, agroindustriales, INDUSTRIALES dominicanos, es IMPENSABLE, sin la existencia de una INVERSION las 24 horas del dia en: INFRAESTRUCTURA (1844-2019) 1. INFRAESTRUCTURA TELECOMUNICACIONAL PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS: CIENCIAS TICS, DOMINICANAS. 2. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE COMUNICACION -DE PRODUCTOS FISICOS -CON EL MERCADO MUNDIAL (1844-2019): 2.1. PUERTOS. 2.2. AEROPUERTOS.. 3. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE LOGISTICA: TERRESTRE. 3.1. PARA MOVER FLUJOS DE PASAJEROS. 3.2. PARA MOVER FLUJOS DE CARGA DE PRODUCTOS EN EL MERCADO DE: IMPORTACION & EXPOTACION. SOLO ASI, con el sudor y los SUENOS de prosperidad ECONOMICA, INDIVIDUAL & FAMILIAR, de toda la poblacion DOMINICANA, nacida, entre 1844 y 2019, es que hemos logrado COMO NACION DOMINICANA: 1. TENER PRESENCIA ORGANICA, en 140 mercados de PAISES AMIGOS DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA,porque : COMPRAN SUS PRODUCTOS & SERVICIOS A PRECIOS DE" MERCADO. 2l LA FACTURACION ANUAL DE MAS DE: 11,000 MILLONES DE DOLARES. Pero una ECONOMIA PROSPERA NO SE CONSTRUYE EN UN DIA, ni sin la existencia DEL MEJOR ALIADO DE LAS MYPIMES Y DE LA GENTE POBRE: LOS BANCOS, EL SISTEMA FINANCIERO DOMINICANO, de cara al relanzamiento MUNDIAL DEL CONSEJO NACIONAL DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD, inaugurado por el CIENTIFICO AGROPECUARIO DOMINICANO, ING. HIPOLITO MEJIA DOMINGUEZ, CON: SUS CIENTIFICOS & CIENTIFICAS DE CONFIANZA EN LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS, entre los que se conto siempre el PADRE JESUITA, JOSE LUIS ALEMAN DUPUY, el MEJOR DE LOS REGALOS QUE NOS HA PROPORCIONADO, en la HISTORIA ECONOMICA DOMINICANA, el pais hermano: ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS, LA HERMANA NACION DE MEXICO: 1928-2007, 3 diciembre, 2001. LA ADMINISTRACION DEL CIENTIFICO DOMINICANO, 1. ING. QUIMICO. 2. ECONOMISTA, especializado en : ECONOMIA DOMINICANA & ECONOMIA MUNDIAL, contemporanea, del siglo XXI, en el INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE SANTO DOMINGO, HA RETOMADO: LA FORMULA QUE DIO ORIGEN AL UNCTAD, en el ano 1954, fomento: 1. De las EXPORTACIONES. 2. FOMENTO DEL DESARROLLO; ECONOMICO E INDUSTRIAL, DESDE LAS MYPIMES. 3. FOMENTO DEL EMPLEO JUVENIL, DESDE EL EMPRENDIMIENTO O ECONOMIA NARANJA, ECONOMIA CREATIVA, que esta generando casi 30 millones de EMPLES DIRECTOS, en todos los paises del mundo, ES DECIR: TANTA GENTE OCUPADA PRODUCIENDO RIQUEZA... 1. DESDE LA CREATIVIDAD : ARTISTICO-PERFORMATIVA, DE LOS ESCENARIOS, DEL SHOW BUSINESS, DESDE LA : FARANDULA... 2. DESDE LA CREATIVIDAD CIENTIFICA... 2.1. BIOTECNOLOGICA. 2.2. NANOTECNOLOGICA. 2.3. DE LAS CIENCIAS TICs. y finalmente, DESDE EL EJERCICIO DIARIO, DE LA CREATIVIDAD: 1. ECONOMICA. 2. COMERCIAL. 3. EXPORTADORA, DE LAS PERSONAS & ORGANIZACIONES QUE SE HAN ESPECIALIZADO, EN TQM, DESDE LA MANUFACTURA, en TQM, desde el sistema BANCARIO O FINANCIERO, EN HACER QUE : 1. EL DINERO DEPOSITADO EN BANCOS. 2. PRODUZCA RIQUEZA, desde la BANCA DE DESARROLLO. 3. DESDE EL SISTEMA FORMAL DE LOS: BANCOS COMERCIALES, ESTABLECIDOS EN LA NACION & EN LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, con sus iniciativas orientadas A LAS MYPIMES DOMINICANAS, DE POTENCIAL EXPORTADOR, en el siglo XXI. ES ASI COMO HEMOS LOGRADO DERROTAR A LOS PEORES ENEMIGOS DE: 1. TODA INSULARIDAD. 2. DE TODA ECONOMIA INSULAR. 3. DE LA DOMINICANIDAD... A. EL HAMBRE & LA MISERIA CONCRETAS, que persigue a todo ser humano nacido de una madre dominicana, desde el ano : 3,500 antes de Critso hasta el dia de hoy, EN LA ISLA HISPANIOLA... USANDO EL METODO CIENTIFICO, COMO NOS LO ENSENARON: CIENTIFICOS DOMINICANOS COMO: JUAN PABLO DUARTE Y DIEZ, ULISES FRANCISCO ESPAILLAT, HORARIO VASQUEZ, ELADIO VICTORIA VICTORIA, EUGENIO MARIA DE HOSTOS, SALOME URENA DE HENRIQUEZ, PEDRO HENRIQUEZA URENA, JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO (1844-2019) PONIENDO ESPECIAL ATENCION Y PRIORIDAD EN NUESTROS NINOS Y NINAS... DOMINICANOS, ESCOLARIZANDOLOS EN CIENCIAS & TECNOLOGIAS, EN : CIENCIAS TICs... NUESTROS JOVENES, DE AMBOS SEXOS ESCOLARIZANDOLOS EN: CIENCIAS & TECNOLOGIAS, para que: PROSPEREN ECONOMICAMENTE, como: 1. AUTORES Y AUTORAS ORIGINALES DE : DOMINICANIDAD. 2. INNOVADORES & INNOVADORAS, DESDE LA : DESTRUCCION CREATIVA. 3. COMO AGRICULTORES Y AGRICULTORAS EN LOS AGRO-NEGOCIOS EXPORTADORES. 4. COMO COMERCIANTES ECONOMICAMENTE PROSPEROS, EN LA PRODUCCION O GENERACION DE RIQUEZA: LA RIQUEZA DOMINICANA, como: SOCIEDAD POLICLASISTA, OCCIDENTAL, CAPITALISTA, CULTURA, POLICLASISTA, OCCIDENTAL, CAPITALISTA, DESDE LA MANUFACTURA: 1. LAS METRICAS O ESTADARES MUNDIALES EN TQM, DESDE KINDER... 2. LAS METRICAS O ESTANDARES MUNDIALES DEL KAYZEN O LA MEJORA CONTIUA, en todas las ACTIVIDADES DE PRODUCCION ECONOMICA EXPORTADORA: DOMINICANAS, en el siglo XXI, ensenandoles TALES METODOLOGIAS A TODOS Y A TODAS LOS NINOS,NINAS, ADOLESCENTES & JOVENES DOMINICANOS, incluyendo a: MILLENNIALS MOMS, desde KINDER en las ESCUELAS & UNIVERSIDADES DOMINICANAS, DESDE EL PRE-GRADO: UNIVERSITARIO, en el sistema de las 50 universidades DOMINICANAS, que: 1. con sus LABORATORIOS. 2. SUS AULAS HUMANAS. 3. SUS TALLERES, ensenan el : METODO CIENTIFICO UNIVERSAL, desde la eleccion del procer AUTODIDACTA, HOMESHOOLER, CIENTIFICO & ECONOMISTA DOMINICANO, EN 1962: PROF. JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO (1909-2001) hasta el mismo dia de hoy: NOVIEMBRE, 2019. Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. CCIAV, CC4AVE. Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019). -------- Una transformación representa UNA NUEVA VIDA una nueva vida. Desde un viejo banco dedicado al fomento de la vivienda (1962), BANDEX se transforma DE POLITICA ACTIVA en un gran instrumento de política activa de la @PresidenciaRD PARA FOMENTAR LAS EXPORTACIONES para fomentar las exportaciones COMO BANCO DE DESARROLLO como banco de desarrollo (2019). @ADOEXPO ----------- Empower the next generation of scientists and register UPCOMING SCIENTIFIC TALENT upcoming scientific talent to compete in the #Think_Science WORLD COMPETITION World Competition 2020 ----- Affiliate before 30 November 2019 http://thinkscience.ae ------------- LA LEALTAD, cuando es comprada, siempre es fragil TACITO. ------------- EL CAMBIO NO SE PUEDE, ADMINISTRAR PETER DRUCKER (1996). ----------- Otro referente en innovación es Peter Drucker, CONSIDERADO EL MAYOR FILOSOFO DE LA ADMINISTRACION considerado como el mayor filósofo de la administración, DESARROLLO EL CONCEPTO DE SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO desarrolló el concepto de sociedad del conocimiento. Para Druker LA INNOVACION ES UN INSTRUMENTO la innovación es un instrumento PARA QUE LOS EMPRESARIOS para que los empresarios PUEDAN REALIZAR UN ANALISIS: SISTEMATICO puedan realizar un análisis sistemático 1.DE LOS CAMBIOS 2.PARA TRANSFORMALOS EN : OPORTUNIDADES DE NEGOCIOS. de los cambios para transformarlos en oportunidades de negocio. Si bien la conceptualización de innovación desde el campo I+D se define con claridad y cuenta con muchas apreciaciones, BUSCO ATERRIZAR: INNOVACION PUBLICA busco aterrizar innovación pública. ¿CUANDO SURGE EL CONCEPTO Cuándo surge el concepto innovación pública? Analizando la historia, el CONCEPTO APARECE COMO: 1. RESPUESTA. A CRISIS. 2. MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES. concepto aparece como respuesta a crisis y movimientos sociales. ALGUNOS INDICAN QUE NACE: LUEGO DE LA CRISIS FINANCIERA DE 2007 Algunos indican que nace luego de la crisis financiera del 2007 EN PAISES EUROPEOS Y LATINOAMERICANOS en los países europeos y lationamericanos, dado que ocasiona que la CIUDADANIA : 1. DESPIERTA. 2. COMIENZA A CUESTIONARSE 3. SI EL GOBIERNO 3.1. DEBE FUNCIONAR BAJO MODELOS. 3.2. DEFINIDOS HACE MUCHIIIIIISIMOSSS ANOS.. ciudadanía despierta y comienza a cuestionarse si el gobierno debe funcionar bajo modelos definidos hace muchooos años. Otras personas no indican fecha pero indican que EL CONCEPTO APARECE: 1. AL DARSE CUENTA QUE: EXISTE UNA CRISIS DEL : ESTADO BENEFACTOR 2. UN AGOTAMIENTO DE LAS ENERGIAS: UTOPICAS. el concepto aparece al darse cuenta que existe una crisis del Estado Benefactor y un agotamiento de las energías utópicas. MOVIMIENTO MODERNISING GOVERNMENT DE OCDE (2005). Otros indican que el concepto de innovación pública nace en respuesta al movimiento “modernising goverment” de la OCDE en el 2005. Pero lo mas importante ¿QUE ES INNOVACION PUBLICA? Guiada por Andrea Martínez (2013) defino innovación pública como: LA ADAPTACION -DE LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA- GUIADA POR LOS CAMBIOS SOCIALES la adaptación de la administración pública producto de los cambios sociales Y TODOS LOS TIPOS DE CAMBIOS QUE HAGAN: RELACION: CIUDADANO-ADMINISTRACION, CAMBIE... y todos tipo de cambios que hagan que la relación entre ciudadano-administración cambie, LOS CUALES OCASIONAN QUE LA : ADMINISRACION PUBLICA: 1. TENGA QUE DESARROLLAR... 2. LOS MECANISMOS NECESARIOS... 3. LOS MECANISMOS OPTIMOS. 3.1. PARA PODER: SATISFACER LAS NECESIDADES DE LOS CIUDADANOS. 3.2. DE UNA NUEVA MANERA... los cuáles ocasionan que la administración pública tengan que desarrollar los mecanismos necesarios y óptimos para poder satisfacer las necesidades de los ciudadanos de una nueva manera. Para Andrea, SE DEBE HABLAR EN TERMINOS DE: 1. INNOVACION PUBLICA EN EL SECTOR: PUBLICO. 2. NO EN LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA. se debe hablar en términos de innovación pública en el sector público y no en la administración pública. Porque cuando se habla de administración pública se tiende a pensar en los administrativos del gobierno central, mientras que HABLAR DEL SECTOR PUBLICO PERMITE QUE : 1 SE PUEDA IDENTIFICAR TODO. 2. LO QUE SE CARACTERICE COMO: PUBLICO. 2.1. EMPRESAS PUBLICAS. 2.2. INSTITUCIONES. 2.3 ONGs. hablar del sector público permite que se pueda identificar todo lo que se caracterice como público (empresas públicas, instituciones, ONGs…) ------------ TRES TIPOS DE INNOVACION PUBLICA. 1. LA DISRUPTIVA. 2. ABIERTA: EL USUARIO COMO INNOVADOR. Ella presenta tres tipos de innovación pública: innovación disruptiva innovación abierta, inspirada en el modelo de Henry Cherbrough usuario como innovador En el 2013, SURGE EL PRIMER LIBRO ESCRITO POR HISPANOPARLANTES... surge el primer libro escrito por hispanoparlantes, INNOVACION PUBLICA, UN MODELO DE APORTACION DE VALOR Innovación pública: un modelo de aportación de valor, donde se DEFINE INNOVACION PUBLICA COMO: 1. CREACION & APLICACION DE NUEVOS PROCESOS...EN : 1. MODELOS DE GESTION. 2. PROCESOS. 3. PRODUCTOS. 4. SERVICIOS. 5. METODOS DE PUESTA AL ALCANCE DEL CIUDADANO. ESTOS ULTIMOS DAN LUGAR A : 1. IMPORTANTES MEJORAS, EN : 1.1. EFICIENCIA. 1.2. EFICACIA. 1.3. CALIDAD DE LOS RESULTADOS. define innovación pública como: La creación y aplicación de nuevos modelos de gestión, procesos, productos y servicios y métodos de puesta al alcance del usuario, los que dan lugar a importantes mejoras en la eficiencia, eficacia y en la calidad de los resultados. SUPER-OBJETIVO? 1. CREAR VALOR PUBLICO. 2.DE UNA MANERA MAS : EFICIENTE. Finalidad es crear valor pública de una manera más eficiente En este libro podemos encontrar reflexiones sobre la innovación inspiradoras como las siguientes: INNOVAR. 1.UN CONCEPTO OPERACIONALIZADO: 2.ATERRIZADO. “Innovar es vincular la capacidad creativa CON LA DE EJECUCION con la de ejecución” (p.26). EN ESPANOL? CERO TEORIA. ACCION!. MANOS A LA OBRA! “La innovación es una forma de gestionar QUE CUESTIONA: 1. DE MODO CREATIVO. 2 DE MODO LATERAL. que cuestiona de modo creativo y lateral 1. LAS FORMAS RESPECTO A : COMO HACEMOS LAS COSAS? las formas respecto de cómo hacemos las cosas 2. CON UN UNICO OBJETIVO: 2.1 INCREMENTAR LA CAPACIDAD DE: 2.1.1. CREAR O GENERAR VALOR PUBLICO. 2.1.2. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A LOS CIUDADANOS 2.2. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A LAS NECESIDADES. 2.3. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A LAS CECESIDADES, DENTRO DEL SISTEMA DEMOCRATICO. con un único objetivo: incrementar la capacidad de generar valor público y dar respuesta a los ciudadanos y a las necesidades de los sistemas democráticos” (p.30). ------------ También nos puntualiza en los riesgos: de NO INNOVAR en el sector público, ---------- 1. Se puede dar la OBSOLESCENCIA DE LO PUBLICO obsolescencia de lo público 2. INEFICIENCIA. Ineficiencia 3. GENERACION DE : EXTERNALIDADES NEGATIVAS... Generación de externalidades negativas 4. PERDIDA DE TALENTO. 5. ESPIRAL DE MEDIOCRIDAD. Pérdida de talento, espiral de mediocridad. 6. BLOQUEO CORPORATIVO. Bloqueo corporativo EL ESFUERZO POR INNOVAR... SE COMIENZA A OBSERVAR COMO EL FACTOR El esfuerzo por innovar se comienza a observar COMO UN FACTOR QUE MAS IMPACTA: EN EL CRECIMIENTO...ECONOMICO... como un factor más que impacta en el crecimiento económico, DONDE : 1 EL PIB YA NO SOLAMENTE DEPENDE: 1.1. DE LA ACUMULACION DE: 1.1.1 AHORRO. 1.1.2. CAPITAL donde el PIB ya no solamente depende de la acumulación de ahorro y capital O DEL AUMENTO DE LA FUERZA DE : TRABAJO o del aumento de la fuerza de trabajo. La gestión del riesgo, el uso de los recursos, la transparencia y la poca tolerancia al fracaso forman los elementos que diferencia la innovación en la gestión pública de la gestión privada. La necesidad y urgencia, conforman los elementos del nacimiento de la innovación pública, donde el usuario tiene un triple rol se transforma en el beneficiario, contribuyente y elector. Francisco Longo define a la complejidad del entorno como una variable que puede justificar que la AP rompa con su modelo tradicional, sin saberlo Longo da con un motivo para innovar. Ahora bien, la innovación pública no es la solución a todo, sino representa el esfuerzo de las organizaciones para interactuar en contextos cambiantes y generar valor. La innovación tampoco puede ser descrita como un proceso de participación ciudadana la innovación pública es un modelo gestión, un modelo que tiene como barreras: la cultura, las políticas cortoplacistas y los liderazgos autoritarios. Este modelo de gestión es un modelo de cocreación con los ciudadanos que busca tomarlos en cuenta en el proceso de establecimiento de nuevas propuestas de valor en los bienes y servicios públicos. La innovación pública se basa en la observación y el conocimientos que busca incrementar el valor público a partir de nuevos paradigmas. LA INNOVACION PUBLICA BUSCA GENERAR: PROPUESTAS... NO CONSTRUIR CONSENSOS... SPECIALISATION, SPECIALIZATION...? 2020 ---------- Biography. Early life and family background The Thorstein Veblen Farmstead in 2014. Veblen was born on July 30, 1857, in CATO, WISCONSIN Cato, Wisconsin, to Norwegian American INMIGRANT PARENTS immigrant parents, Thomas Veblen and KARI BUNDE Kari Bunde – the fourth(4) of twelve(12) children in the Veblen family. His parents had emigrated from Norway to MILWAUKEE Milwaukee, Wisconsin on September 16, 1847, WITH: 1. FEW FUNDS with few funds and 2. NO KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH no knowledge of English. Despite their limited circumstances AS INMIGRANTSas immigrants, Thomas Veblen's knowledge in 1.CARPENTRY carpentry and 2.CONSTRUCTION PAIRED construction paired with HIS WIFE's SUPPORTIVE PERSEVERANCE his wife's supportive perseverance ALLOWED THEM TO STABLISH A FAMILY FARM allowed them to establish a family farm - now a National Historic Landmark - IN NERSTRAND, MINNESOTA in Nerstrand, Minnesota.[citation needed] Veblen BEGAN HIS SCHOOLING AT THE AGE began his schooling at the age of five(5). Since Norwegian was his first language, HE LEARNED ENGLISH FROM: 1. NEIGHBORS. 2. AT SCHOOL. he learned English from neighbors and at school. His parents also learned to speak English fluently, THOUGH THEY CONITINUED TO READ PREDOMINANT though they continued to read predominantly NORWEGIAN LITERATURE Norwegian literature WITH AND AROUND THEIR FAMILY ON THE FARMSTEAD with and around their family on the farmstead. The family FARM EVENTUALLY GREW MORE PROPEROUS farm eventually grew more prosperous, ALLOWING allowing Veblen's PARENTS TO PROVIDE THEIR CHILDREN parents to provide their children WITH FORMAL EDUCATION with formal education. Unlike most immigrant families of the time, Veblen and all of his siblings RECEIVED TRAINING IN LOWER SCHOOLS received training in lower schools and WENT TO RECEIVE HIGHER EDUCATION went on to receive higher education AT THE NEARBY the nearby Carleton College. VEBLEN SISTER' EMILY SVeblen's sister, Emily, WAS REPUTEDLY THE FIRST DAUGHTER OR NORWEGIAN INMIGRANTS was reputedly the first daughter of Norwegian immigrants TO GRADUATE FROM AN AMERICAN COLLEGE to graduate from an American college.[1] The eldest Veblen child, Andrew Veblen, ultimately became a PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS professor of physics at IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Iowa State University and the father ONE OF AMERICA'S LEADING MATHEMATITIANS of one of America's leading mathematicians, Oswald Veblen of PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Princeton University.[2] Several commentators have seen Veblen's Norwegian background and HIS RELATIVE ISOLATION FROM AMERICAN SOCIETY his relative isolation from American society AS ESSENTIA TO THE UNDERSTANDING as essential to the understanding OF HIS WRITINGS of his writings. Sociologist and educator David Riesman maintains that his background as a child of immigrants meant that Veblen was alienated from his parents' previous culture, but that his living in a Norwegian society within America made him unable to completely "assimilate and accept the available forms of Americanism".[3] According to George M. Fredrickson the Norwegian society Veblen lived in was so isolated that when he left it "he was, in a sense, emigrating to America".[4] Education At age 17, in 1874, Veblen was sent to attend nearby Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. Early in his schooling, he demonstrated both the bitterness and the sense of humor that would characterize his later works.[5] Veblen studied economics and philosophy under the guidance of the young John Bates Clark, who went on to become a leader in the new field of neoclassical economics. Clark's influence on Veblen was great, and as Clark initiated him into the formal study of economics, Veblen came to recognize the nature and limitations of hypothetical economics that would begin to shape his theories. Veblen later developed an interest in the social sciences, taking courses within the fields of philosophy, natural history, and classical philology. Within the realm of philosophy, the works of Herbert Spencer were of greatest interest to him, inspiring several preconceptions of socio-economics. In contrast, his studies in natural history and classical philology shaped his formal use of the disciplines of science and language respectively.[6] After Veblen graduated from Carleton in 1880 he traveled east to study philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. While at Johns Hopkins he studied under Charles Sanders Peirce.[7] When he failed to obtain a scholarship there he moved on to Yale University, where he found economic support for his studies, obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy in 1884, with a major in philosophy and a minor in social studies. His dissertation was titled "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution". At Yale, he studied under renowned academics such as philosopher Noah Porter and sociologist William Graham Sumner.[8] Academic career After graduation from Yale in 1884, Veblen was essentially unemployed for seven years. Despite having strong letters of recommendation, he was unable to obtain a university position. It is possible that his dissertation research on "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution" (1884) was considered undesirable. However this possibility can no longer be researched because Veblen's dissertation has been missing from Yale since 1935.[9] Apparently the only scholar who ever studied the dissertation was Joseph Dorfman, for his 1934 book Thorstein Veblen and His America. Dorfman says only that the dissertation, advised by evolutionary sociologist William Graham Sumner, studies such evolutionary thought as that of Herbert Spencer, as well as the moral philosophy of Kant.[10] Some historians have also speculated that this failure to obtain employment was partially due to prejudice against Norwegians, while others attribute this to the fact that most universities and administrators considered him insufficiently educated in Christianity.[11] Most academics at the time held divinity degrees, which Veblen did not have. Also, it did not help that Veblen openly identified as an agnostic, which was highly uncommon for the time. As a result, Veblen returned to his family farm, a stay during which he had claimed to be recovering from malaria. He spent those years recovering and reading voraciously.[12] It is suspected that these difficulties in beginning his academic career later inspired portions of his book The Higher Learning in America (1918), in which he claimed that true academic values were sacrificed by universities in favor of their own self-interest and profitability.[13] In 1891, Veblen left the farm to return to graduate school to study economics at Cornell University, under the guidance of economics professor James Laurence Laughlin. With the help of Professor Laughlin, who was moving to the University of Chicago, Veblen became a fellow at that university in 1892. Throughout his stay, he did much of the editorial work associated with the Journal of Political Economy, one of the many academic journals created during this time at the University of Chicago. Veblen used the journal as an outlet for his writings. His writings also began to appear in other journals, such as the American Journal of Sociology, another journal at the university. While he was mostly a marginal figure at the University of Chicago, Veblen taught a number of classes there.[8] In 1899, Veblen published his first and best-known book, titled The Theory of the Leisure Class. This did not immediately improve Veblen's position at the University of Chicago. He requested a raise after the completion of his first book, but this was denied.[11] Veblen's students at Chicago considered his teaching "dreadful".[5] Stanford students considered his teaching style "boring". But this was more excusable than some of Veblen's personal affairs. He offended Victorian sentiments with extramarital affairs while at the University of Chicago.[5] At Stanford in 1909, Veblen was ridiculed again for being a womanizer and an unfaithful husband. As a result, he was forced to resign from his position, which made it very difficult for him to find another academic position.[14] One story claims that he was fired from Stanford after Jane Stanford sent him a telegram from Paris, having disapproved of Veblen's support of Chinese coolie workers in California.[15] With the help of Herbert J. Davenport, a friend who was the head of the economics department at the University of Missouri, Veblen accepted a position there in 1911. Veblen, however, did not enjoy his stay at Missouri. This was in part due to his position as a lecturer being of lower rank than his previous positions and for lower pay. Veblen also strongly disliked the town of Columbia, Missouri, where the university was located.[16] Although he may not have enjoyed his stay at Missouri, in 1914 he did publish another of his best-known books, The Instincts of Worksmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts (1914). After World War I began, Veblen published Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution (1915). He considered warfare a threat to economic productivity and contrasted the authoritarian politics of Germany with the democratic tradition of Britain, noting that industrialization in Germany had not produced a progressive political culture.[17] By 1917, Veblen moved to Washington, D.C. to work with a group that had been commissioned by President Woodrow Wilson to analyze possible peace settlements for World War I, culminating in his book An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of Its Perpetuation (1917).[17] This marked a series of distinct changes in his career path.[18] Following that, Veblen worked for the United States Food Administration for a period of time. Shortly thereafter, Veblen moved to New York City to work as an editor for a magazine, The Dial. Within the next year, the magazine shifted its orientation and he lost his editorial position.[6] In the meantime, Veblen had made contacts with several other academics, such as Charles A. Beard, James Harvey Robinson, and John Dewey. The group of university professors and intellectuals eventually founded The New School for Social Research. Known today as The New School, in 1919 it emerged out of American modernism, progressivism, the democratic education. The group was open to students and aimed for a "an unbiased understanding of the existing order, its genesis, growth, and present working".[19] From 1919 to 1926, Veblen continued to write and maintain a role in The New School's development. It was during this time that he wrote The Engineers and the Price System.[20] In it, Veblen proposed a soviet of engineers.[21] According to Yngve Ramstad,[22] the view that engineers, not workers, would overthrow capitalism was a "novel view". Veblen invited Guido Marx to the New School to teach and to help organize a movement of engineers, by such as Morris Cooke; Henry Gantt, who had died shortly before; and Howard Scott. Cooke and Gantt were followers of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management theory. Scott, who listed Veblen as being on the temporary organizing committee of the Technical Alliance, perhaps without consulting Veblen or other listed members, later helped found the technocracy movement.[23] Influences on Veblen German Historical School The skepticism of the German Historical School regarding laissez-faire economics was also adopted by Veblen.[24] Pragmatism American pragmatism distrusted the notion of the absolute, and instead recognized the notion of free will. Rather than God's divine intervention taking control of the happenings of the universe, pragmatism believed that people, using their free will, shape the institutions of society. Veblen also recognized this as an element of causes and effects, upon which he based many of his theories. This pragmatist belief was pertinent to the shaping of Veblen's critique of natural law and the establishment of his evolutionary economics, which recognized the purpose of man throughout.[25] Contributions to social theory The Theory of the Leisure Class, 1924 Institutional economics Thorstein Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of institutional economics with his criticism of traditional static economic theory.[26] As much as Veblen was an economist, he was also a sociologist who rejected his contemporaries who looked at the economy as an autonomous, stable, and static entity. Veblen disagreed with his peers, as he strongly believed that the economy was significantly embedded in social institutions. Rather than separating economics from the social sciences, Veblen viewed the relationships between the economy and social and cultural phenomena. Generally speaking, the study of institutional economics viewed economic institutions as the broader process of cultural development. While economic institutionalism never transformed into a major school of economic thought, it allowed economists to explore economic problems from a perspective that incorporated social and cultural phenomena. It also allowed economists to view the economy as an evolving entity of bounded rationale.[27] Conspicuous consumption In his most famous work, The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen writes critically of the leisure class for its role in fostering wasteful consumption.[26] In this first work Veblen coined the term "conspicuous consumption", which he defined as spending more money on goods than they are worth. The term originated during the Second Industrial Revolution when a nouveau riche social class emerged as a result of the accumulation of capital wealth. He explains that members of the leisure class, often associated with business, are those who also engage in conspicuous consumption in order to impress the rest of society through the manifestation of their social power and prestige, be it real or perceived. In other words, social status, Veblen explained, becomes earned and displayed by patterns of consumption rather than what the individual makes financially.[28] Subsequently, people in other social classes are influenced by this behavior and, as Veblen argued, strive to emulate the leisure class. What results from this behavior, is a society characterized by the waste of time and money. Unlike other sociological works of the time, The Theory of the Leisure Class focused on consumption, rather than production.[29] Conspicuous leisure Conspicuous leisure, or the non-productive use of time for the sake of displaying social status, is used by Veblen as the primary indicator of the leisure class. To engage in conspicuous leisure is to openly display one's wealth and status, as productive work signified the absence of pecuniary strength and was seen as a mark of weakness. As the leisure class increased their exemption from productive work, that very exemption became honorific and actual participation in productive work became a sign of inferiority. Conspicuous leisure worked very well to designate social status in rural areas, but urbanization made it so that conspicuous leisure was no longer a sufficient means to display pecuniary strength. Urban life requires more obvious displays of status, wealth, and power, which is where conspicuous consumption becomes prominent.[30] Leisure class In The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen writes critically of conspicuous consumption and its function in social-class consumerism and social stratification.[27] Reflecting historically, he traces said economic behaviors back to the beginnings of the division of labor, or during tribal times. Upon the start of a division of labor, high-status individuals within the community practiced hunting and war, notably less labor-intensive and less economically productive work. Low-status individuals, on the other hand, practiced activities recognized as more economically productive and more labor-intensive, such as farming and cooking.[31] High-status individuals, as Veblen explains, could instead afford to live their lives leisurely (hence their title as the leisure class), engaging in symbolic economic participation, rather than practical economic participation. These individuals could engage in conspicuous leisure for extended periods of time, simply following pursuits that evoked a higher social status. Rather than participating in conspicuous consumption, the leisure class lived lives of conspicuous leisure as a marker of high status.[32] The leisure class protected and reproduced their social status and control within the tribe through, for example, their participation in war-time activities, which while they were rarely needed, still rendered their lower social class counterparts dependent upon them.[33] During modern industrial times, Veblen described the leisure class as those exempt from industrial labor. Instead, he explains, the leisure class participated in intellectual or artistic endeavors to display their freedom from the economic need to participate in economically productive manual labor. In essence, not having to perform labor-intensive activities did not mark higher social status, but rather, higher social status meant that one would not have to perform such duties.[34] Theory of business enterprise The central problem for Veblen was the friction between "business" and "industry". Veblen identified "business" as the owners and leaders whose primary goal was the profits of their companies but, in an effort to keep profits high, often made efforts to limit production. By obstructing the operation of the industrial system in that way, "business" negatively affected society as a whole (through higher rates of unemployment, for example). With that said, Veblen identified business leaders as the source of many problems in society, which he felt should be led by people such as engineers, who understood the industrial system and its operation, while also having an interest in the general welfare of society at large.[35] Trained incapacity In sociology, trained incapacity is "that state of affairs in which one's abilities function as inadequacies or blind spots."[36] It means that people's past experiences can lead to wrong decisions when circumstances change.[37] Veblen coined the concept in 1933.[38] Veblen's economics and politics Veblen and other American institutionalists were indebted to the German Historical School, especially Gustav von Schmoller, for the emphasis on historical fact, their empiricism and especially a broad, evolutionary framework of study.[39] Veblen admired Schmoller, but criticized some other leaders of the German school because of their overreliance on descriptions, long displays of numerical data and narratives of industrial development that rested on no underlying economic theory. Veblen tried to use the same approach with his own theory added.[40] Veblen developed a 20th century evolutionary economics based upon Darwinian principles and new ideas emerging from anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Unlike the neoclassical economics that emerged at the same time, Veblen described economic behavior as socially determined and saw economic organization as a process of ongoing evolution. Veblen rejected any theory based on individual action or any theory highlighting any factor of an inner personal motivation. According to him, such theories were "unscientific". This evolution was driven by the human instincts of emulation, predation, workmanship, parental bent, and idle curiosity. Veblen wanted economists to grasp the effects of social and cultural change on economic changes. In The Theory of the Leisure Class, the instincts of emulation and predation play a major role. People, rich and poor alike, attempt to impress others and seek to gain advantage through what Veblen termed "conspicuous consumption" and the ability to engage in "conspicuous leisure". In this work Veblen argued that consumption is used as a way to gain and signal status. Through "conspicuous consumption" often came "conspicuous waste", which Veblen detested. He further spoke of a "predatory phase" of culture in the sense of the predatory attitude having become the habitual spiritual attitude of the individual.[41] ------ Conspicuous leisure is a concept introduced by the American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen, in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). Conspicuous OF VISIBLE LEISURE or visible leisure is engaged in for the sake of displaying and attaining social status. The concept comprises those; 1. forms of leisure 2.that seem to be FULLY MOTIVATED fully motivated BY SOCIAL FACTORS by social factors, such as 1. TAKING A LONG VACATION 2. TO EXOTIC PLACES taking long vacations to exotic places 3. BRING SOUVENIRS BACK and bringing souvenirs back. CONSPICUOUS LEISURE IS OBSERVED Conspicuous leisure is observed IN ALL SOCIETIES in all societies where stratification exists. Conspicuous leisure 1. CONTRIBUTES TO THE GLORIFICATION 2. OF NON-PRODUCTIVITY contributes to the glorification of non-productivity, 3. THUS VALIDATING THE BEHAVIIOR thus validating the behavior OF THE MOST POWERFUL CLASSES of the most powerful classes AND LEADING THE LOWER CLASSES: TO ADMIRE and leading the lower classes to admire rather than revile the leisure class. This aids the leisure class in retaining their status and material position. Veblen's more well-known concept of "conspicuous consumption" is employed when non-productivity can be more effectively demonstrated through lavish spending. Veblen argued that conspicuous leisure 1.HAD DEEP HISTORICAL ROOTS. 2.REACHING BACK INTO PREHISTORY had deep historical roots reaching back into prehistory, and that it "evolved" into different forms as time passed. One example he gave was how, during the Middle Ages, the nobility WAS EXEMPTED FROM MANUAL LABOR was exempted from manual labor, WHICH WAS RESERVED FOR SERFS. which was reserved for serfs. LIKE OWING LAND Like owning land, abstaining from labor is a typical display of wealth and one that becomes MORE PROBLEMATIC AS SOCIETY DEVELOPS more problematic as society develops INTO A INDUSTRIAL ONE into an industrial one. WITH THE EMERGENCE OF INDIVIDUAL: OWNERSHIP. With the emergence of individual ownership, THE LEISURE CLASS the leisure class completely SYOPS CONTRIBUTING THE WELLBEING OF THEIR COMMUNITY stops contributing to the wellbeing of their community. They no longer perform honor-positions, thus totally negating their usefulness to the society. AND AS SOCIETY MOVES AWAY FROM: 1.HUNTING 2. AGRICULTURE And as society moves away from hunting and agriculture, AND FOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION and towards industrialization, the leisure class can no longer simply take resources from others. This is where Veblen offers us an image of the decaying Lord or Lady who has lost his or her fortune BUT IS UNABLE TO ENGAGE IN LABOR IN ORDER TO LIVE. but is unable to engage in labor in order to live. These wealthy elite see labor as MENIAL AND VULGAR menial and vulgar, yet once they can no longer live their worthy life of leisure they suffer from an inability to preserve themselves. Veblen defines LEISURE AS NON-PRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION: OF TIME leisure as the non-productive consumption of time. The wealthy consume time unproductively due to a disgust of menial labor but also as evidence of their pecuniary ability to live idle lives. But there are moments when even the noble is not viewed publicly and then he must give a satisfactory account of his use of time. Often his account will manifest through the appearance of servants or some sort of craftsmen. A material proof of leisure is another way that the noble demonstrates his wealth even when he is out of the public's eye. Objects or trophies or knowledge that HAS NO REAL-WORLD APPLICATION has no real-world application are all examples of the things that the wealthy use to demonstrate their wealth and their leisure. DISPLAYING RULES OF ETIQUETTE Displaying rules of etiquette and breeding, and formal and ceremonial observances are other demonstrations of unproductive (and therefore leisurely) uses of time. It is also not enough for the leisure class to live a life of idleness; their servants must also engage in the performance of leisure despite their position as hired help. They are given uniforms, spacious quarters and other material items that signal the wealth of their employer: the more lavish the servants' dress and quarters, the more money the master has to spend freely. This is an example of "conspicuous consumption," a form of conspicuous leisure. House servants give the illusion of "pecuniary decency" to the household, despite the physical discomfort that the leisure class feels at the sight of servants, who produce labor. ---------- The New Social School for Social Research by Thorstein Veblen, New York (1904-1929) See also[edit] Celebrity culture Internet celebrity show v t e Institutional economics show v t e Extreme wealth Categories: Institutional economics Leisure Narcissism Socio-economic mobility Navigation menu The New Social School for Social Research by Thorstein Veblen, New York (1904-1929) Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog in ArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Go -------- ----------- COMO CONTRIBUYE A NIVEL MUNDIAL, EN EL DISENO DE SOLUCIONES AJUSTADAS A La Romana Con Gonzalo REALIDAD CONCRETA 1. DE LAS PERSONAS, 2. DE LOS SERES HUMANOS, 3. DE LOS PACIENTES Y DE LAS PACIENTES. 4. DE LOS CIUDADANOS Y CIUDADANAS, -EN LAS DEMOCRACIAS CAPITALISTAS, OCCIDENTALES- DE LA FAMILIA HUMANA, -DESDE EL PRESUPUESTO PUBLICO: 1.NACIONAL O 2.MUNICIPAL PARTICIPATIVOS, 3. EN UN MUNDO GLOBALIZADO Y ALTAMENTE COMPETITIVO, como el del ano : 2019- LA ESCALA DE LICKERT, 1. MEJORANDO LA CALIDAD DE LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA, DESDE SU INVENCION: historia, perfeccionamiento, como instrumento NEUTRAL, DE MEDICION CIENTIFICA? 2. MEJORANDO EL NEW MANAGEMENT : MUNICIPAL Y NACIONAL, PARA LOS STAKEHOLDERS? 3. MEJORANDO LA CALIDAD -A NIVEL DE TQM- EN: DECISION MAKING PROCESSES? --------- LA MEIDICION CIENTIFICA DE UN GERENTE O DE UN ESTADISTA EN EL TIEMPO... 1. DE SUS EXITOS O FRACASOS... 2. SIN PREJUICIOS. 3. SIN SESGOS... SE REALIZA A PARTIR DE LA APLICACION DE HERRAMIENTAS CUANTI-CUALITATIVAS, DE LAS CIENCIAS: 1. TICs. 2. MAS LAS CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS O GERENCIALES. 3. MAS LAS CIENCIAS ESTRATEGICAS DEL : A. DESARROLLO HUMANO, en las DEMOCRACIAS CAPITALISTAS OCCIDENTALES, de todo el mundo... SIN INVENTOS... B. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, DESDE LA APLICACION DE LAS CIENCIAS EXACTAS COMO : 1. LA LOGISTICA, 1.1.EN LA CADENA DE VALOR 1.2.Y DE DISTRIBUCION -DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS- 2.EN UN MERCADO CONCRETO... 2. LOGISTICA TERRESTRE: Carreteras, Puentes, Puertos, Aeropuertos, Caminos Vecinales, Canales de Riego -CONSTRUCCION DE OBRAS INGENIERILES CIVILES...- 2. LOGISTICA MARITIMA. Puertos. Marinas. Atracaderos.... 3. LOGISTICA DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LA AERO-TRANSPORTACION, Vease :ASAMBLEA MUNDIAL FUNDACIONAL -DE 54 PAISES : ICAO, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS- 1944- 4. LOGISTICA DEL COMERCIO Y EL TURISMO DE: TRASBORDO, -caso FERRIES DEL CARIBE- que permite AL TURISTA INDIVIDUAL Y A SU FAMILIA, LA CONSTRUCCION DE UNA EXPERIENCIA PANORAMICA, distribucional del DOLAR TURISTICO, entre las islas PUERTO RICO Y REPUBLICA DOMINICANA.... -DESDE EL TURISMO MULTI-DESTINO- 1. En un barrio. 2. En un paraje. 3. En una seccion. 4. En un municipio. 5. En una provincia. 6. En un continente. 7. EN UNA FAMILIA HUMANA. 8. En un sector ESPECIFICO DE LA ECONOMIA. PARA QUE SIRVE EN REALIDAD -EL INVENTO PATENTADO- LA ESCALA DE LICKERT? ------------ 1. Que es la escala de Lickert? 2. Para que sirve a los cientificos y cientificas -de todo el mundo- en CIENCIAS TICs? Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV ---------- 1914. NACE EN LAS LOMAS -DE PALO AMARILLO, SABANA IGLESIAS- LA NINA ANONIMA -DOMINICANA, CAMPESINA, ANALFABETA- ELENA CASTILLO DE SANTOS.... Por que NACIO? 1. PORQUE ERA HIJA DE UN MATRIMONIO CANONICO, CATOLICO. 2. QUE NO PRACTICAN, EL ABORTO O EL INFANTICIDIO. 3. RESPETAN LOS DERECHOS: UNIVERSALES DE : NASCITURUS.... --------- 1.SI LA NINA ELENA CASTILLO -POR SER HEMBRA,- HUBIERA SIDO ABORTADA, -COMO UNA POLITICA DE ESTADO DE; CONTROL DE LA NATALIDAD FEMENINA...- 1. NO hubiera podido CASARSE - ENTRE LOS 14 Y LOS 15 ANOS de edad...- 2. CON MI ABUELO PATERNO - LUIS MARIA SANTOS GARCIA...- NO HABRIA EMPRENDIDO SUS: NEGOCIOS - EN EL SECTOR INMOBILIARIO DE LA CIUDAD DE SANTIAGO, DE LOS CABALLEROS- GENERANDO RIQUEZA A: 1. LA ECONOMIA PERSONAL, 2. FAMILIAR, 3. COMO AL AYUNTAMIENTO -DE SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS- porque siempre pago sus IMPUESTOS... 2. SI LA NINA, ELENA CASTILLO: 2.1. JOVENCITA 2.2.NO VE SU PRIMERA MENSTRUACION... 2.3. NO SE HABRIA PODIDO : EMBARAZAR... 2.2. SI NO SE EMBARAZABA, NO: PODIA PARIR A SU PRIMER HIJO.... (CASUALMENTE, MI PAPA, NACIDO EN EL ANO 1931, EL PRIMER ANO -DE LA DICTADURA DE DERECHAS- DE RAFAEL LEONIDAS TRUJILLO MOLINA) CASUALMENTE, MI PAPA... ES DECIR QUE: 1. YO NO EXISTIRIA... -JAMAS HABRIA LLEGADO A LA VIDA....- TU ME COMPRENDES, QUE : JODIDA, ES LA GENETICA, COMO CIENCIA EXACTA? ----------- PERO TAMPOCO HABRIAN: NACIDO MIS HIJOS E HIJAS... 1. JOE LUIS SANTOS GARCIA. 2. JANNIA SANTOS GARCIA. 3. JOE DOUGLAS SANTOS FERNANDEZ. 4. ANDRES JOSE SANTOS FERNANDEZ... ------------ TAMPOCO HABRIAN PODIDO NACER: MIS 3 NIETOS ACTUALES... ----------- POR ESO LAS LEYES DE LA HERENCIA, -EN LA FAMILIA HUMANA Y HETEROSEXUAL- NO SON SOLO : 1. ECONOMICAS. 2. SINO BIOLOGICAS. 2,1,SEXUALES. 2.2.MEDICAS: GENETICAS... ------------ EL HOMBRE DE CIENCIA, COMO EL ARTISTA, tiene que acostumbrarse a vivir en un mundo LIGERAMENTE DESORDENADO.... Thomas S. Khun (1957) UNIVERSIDAD DE TEXAS, ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA (EUA). ------------------ CADA GENERACION EN LA HISTORIA DE LA HUMANIDAD, tuvo que INVENTAR las herramientas, que les permitieran SOBREVIVIR. Thomas S. Khun (1962) LA ESTRUCTURA DE LAS REVOLUCIONES CIENTIFICAS. Ed. CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY PRESS ------------- REINVENTAR LAS HERRAMIENTAS, en cualquier disciplina, puede ser calificado por muchos como extravaganzza... pero en algunos casos... NO HAY OTRO CAMINO.. Thomas S. Khun (1962) LA ESTTRUCTURA DE LAS REVOLUCIONES CIENTIFICAS. UNIVERSIDAD DE CALIFORNIA, UCLA, ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA (EUA). ---------- EL JUEGO CAMBIO! ------------ RAFAEL PAZ FAMILIA, SENADOR -POR SANTO DOMINGO DE GUZMAN, CAPITAL DOMINICANA- (2020-2024). UN CIENTIFICO Y GERENTE DE EXITO, DOMINICANO. ------------ DIMAS DE JESUS SANTOS CASTILLO, ES EL MEJOR Y MAS GRANDE: CIENTIFICO NUCLEAR, -EGRESADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA- EN EL REINO DE ESPANA (1962-1966) PARIDO POR SU MADRE, -CAMPESINA ANALFABETA- NATURAL DE LAS LOMAS DE PALO AMARILLO, -SABANA IGLESIAS, NACIDA EN 1914- DOMINICANA Y TAINA... ELENA CASTILLO DE SANTOS, 1.CIBAENA. 2.SANTIAGUERA.... 3. DOMINICANA.... PERO DIMAS SANTOS CASTILLO, ES PEQUENITO... 1. CON TODOS SU LOGROS CIENTIFICOS. 2. CON SUS 175 RECONOCIMIENTOS : 2.1.CIENTIFICOS, 2.2.SOCIALES, 2.3. EN LA INDUSTRIA RADIOLOGICA DOMINICANA, 2.4.HUMANOS, 2.5.COMO FILANTROPO DOMINICANO.. SI SE LE COMPARA CON EL ; -INMENSO CIENTIFICO AUTODIDACTA- HOMESHOOLER, EN CIENCIAS TICs: MAESTRO TEO VERAS LOPEZ,(1950-2018): EL MAS GRANDE CIENTIFICO 1. MULTITASKING 2. TICs, que ha parido MUJER O NINA, DOMINICANA, -desde el ano 3,500 antes de CRISTO-, EN: LA ISLA HISPANIOLA. Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. ---------- CO-FOUNDER, CO-DEVELOPER, PROJECT OWNER: CULTURAL CENTER FOR AUDIOVISUAL EXCHANGE, NON PROFIT FOUNDATION, CCIAV, CC4AVE. GLOBAL VOLUNTEERING SCHOOL. TALENTS, CRITICISM, FRIENDSHIP! SALUT, POLIS, ECUMENE! (1959-2019) ---------- CO-FOUNDER, CO-DEVELOPER, PROJECT OWNER: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, WEST INDIES, BI-PERSONAL CAREER & GLOBAL ADVISORS. TALENTS, CRITICISM,FRIENDSHIP! SALUT, POLIS, ECUMENE! (1959-2019). ------------- SI YO NO VEO la liberacion de este pueblo dominicano y MUERO, se que se liberara con MIS IDEAS... PATRICIO & PROCER, - ANTROPOLOGO, HISTORIADOR Y ECONOMISTA, CAMPESINO- HOMESHOOLER AUTODIDACTA, PROFESOR JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO (1976). ---------- 1.POR QUE LA VIDA EN TODA LA TIERRA, solo es y puede ser HOY-AQUI Y AHORA? --------- 2.COMO SABER QUE YA UD. es un viejo o una vieja DOMINICANA, o que tiene 40 anos de edad y mas, por TANTO TIENE QUE

NO  te agites mucho,

que esto no es pa' viejos,

esto es pa' nosotros....

MILTON PELAEZ (1962)

CANCION.


--------

COMO SABEMOS SI LA ECONOMIA

DOMINICANA, FLORECE, EN SU INDUSTRIA

DE LA CONSTRUCCION?

1. EL TERMOMETRO?

2. LA ASOCIACION DOMINICANA DE

FERRETEROS, INC.

3. LOS FERRETEROS Y LAS FERRETERAS

ESTAN EN TODAS PARTES, hasta en el

ULTIMO RINCON DE LA GEOGRAFIA

ECONOMICA, DE LA NACION Y DE LA

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA...

QUE ES UNA FERRETERIA?

1. UNA EMPRESA, que cuenta con una :

PATENTE DE COMERCIO.

2. UNA EMPRESA IMPORTADORA,

ESENCIALMENTE....

------------

Juan Pablo Duarte.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Juan Pablo Duarte, Oil portrait by the Dominican painter Abelardo Rodríguez Urdaneta.


Juan Pablo Duarte

 (January 26, 1813 – July 15, 1876)[1]

was a Dominican:

1. writer,

2.activist,

3.poet,

4.military leader

5. AND LIBERAL POLITICIAN

and liberal politician who was one of

 the "founding fathers" of the Dominican Republic.

AS ON OF THE MOST CELEBRATED

 As one of the most celebrated figures in

Dominican history, Duarte is considered

1. A FOLK HERO.

2. REVOLUTIONARY  VISIONARY

3. IN THE MODERN

a folk hero and revolutionary visionary in the modern Dominican Republic, who along with Francisco del Rosario Sánchez and Matías Ramón Mella, organized and promoted the movement, a secret society known as La Trinitaria, that

EVENTUALLY LED

eventually led to the Dominican revolt and

independence FROM HAITIAN RULE

from Haitian rule in 1844

AND START OF A DECENIAL DOMINICAN

WAR

and the start of a decennial Dominican

War of Independence.

DUARTE:

1. HELPED.

2. INSPIRE.

3. FINANCE.

Duarte helped inspire and finance

THE DOMINICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

 the Dominican War of Independence,

PAYING A HEAVY TOLL WHICH WOULD

EVENTUALLY RUIN HIM FINANCIALLY.

paying a heavy toll which would eventually ruin him financially.

HIS LIBERAL VIEWS MADE HIM

A CONTROVERSIAL FIGURE

His liberal views made him a controversial figure among conservative and powerful Dominicans of the time,

AND HE WAS EXILED ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS

Oand he was exiled on numerous occasions

 after the founding of the new nation.

HIS LIBERAL VIEWS

His liberal views went against the conservative

 elites who sought for heavy-handed control

of the nation, and wanted to

MAINTAIN THE TRADITIONAL REGIONALISM

maintain the traditional regionalisms of the past.

Duarte had strong disagreements with the

republic's first president, Pedro Santana,

AS SANTANA WAS A TYRANNICAL FIGURE...

as Santana was a tyrannical figure.

Ultimately, Duarte would spend many years

away from the nation he helped shape and

WOULD DIE IN EXILE

would die in exile, which

MADE HIM A POLITICAL MARTYR

made him a political martyr

IN THE EYES OF SUBSEQUENT

GENERATIONS

 in the eyes of subsequent generations.


Contents
1 Early years
2 The struggle for independence
3 Legacy and honors
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links.


Early years.


Duarte was born on 26 January 1813

 in Santo Domingo, Captaincy General

of Santo Domingo[1]

DURING THE PERIOD COMMONLY

CALLED:

ESPANA BOBA

during the period commonly called España Boba.

 In his memoirs, the trinitarian

José María Serra de Castro described Duarte

 as a man with a;

1. rosy complexion,

2.thin lips,

3.blue eyes, and a

4.golden hair that contrasted with his thick,

5.dark moustache.[2]

Duarte was born into a:

1. MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY

 middle-class family that

2. WAS DEDICATED

3. MARITIME TRADE

was dedicated to maritime trade and

4. HARDWARE IN THE PORT AREA

hardware in the port area of Santo Domingo.[3]

HIS FATHER WAS...

His father was Juan José Duarte Rodríguez,

1.A PENINSULAR a Peninsular

2.FROM VEJER DE LA FRONTERA

 from Vejer de la Frontera,

3. KINGDOM OF SEVILLES

4. SPAIN

Kingdom of Seville, Spain,

AND HIS MOTHER WAS...

and his mother was Manuela Díez Jiménez

FROM EL SEIBO

from El Seibo,

Captaincy General of Santo Domingo;

 three (3) of Duarte's

GRANDPARENTES WERE EUROPEANS

grandparents were Europeans.[a]

1. DUARTE HAD 9 SIBLINGS

Duarte had 9 siblings: his eldest brother,

Vicente Celestino Duarte (1802–1865),

a tall, long-haired brunette man, was a

STORE OWNER

store owner,

WOODCUTTER

AND CATTLE RANCHER

woodcutter and cattle rancher

who was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico;

one of Duarte's sisters was

ROSA PROTOMARTIR DUARTE

Rosa Protomártir Duarte (1820–1888),

A PERFORMER WHO COLLABORATED

WITH HIM

a performer who collaborated with him

WITHIN INDEPENDECE MOVEMENT

within the Independence movement.

In 1802 the Duarte FAMILY MIGRATED

family migrated

 from Santo Domingo to Mayagüez,

Puerto Rico.[5]

THEY EVADING THE UNREST CAUSED

BY THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION IN THE ISLAND.

They were evading the unrest caused

by the Haitian Revolution in the island.

MANY DOMINICAN FAMILIES

LEFT THE ISLAND  DURING THIS PERIOD

Many Dominican families left the island during this period.[6]

TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE

Toussaint Louverture, governor of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), a former colony of France located on the western third of Hispaniola,[7][8]

ARRIVED TO  THE CAPITAL OF SANTO

DOMINGO

arrived to the capital of Santo Domingo, located on the island's eastern two-thirds,

1.THE PREVIOUS YEAR

 the previous year

2. AND PROCLAIMED THE END OF SLAVERY

 and proclaimed the end of slavery

 (although the changes were not permanent).

 At the time, France and Saint-Domingue

 (the western third of the island), were going through exhaustive social movements, namely, the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution.

IN OCCUPYING THE SPANIS SIDE OF THE

ISLAND

In occupying the Spanish side of the island

1.LOUVERTURE WAS USING AS PRETEXT

  L'Ouverture was using as a pretext

2.THE PREVIOUS AGREEMENT

 the previous agreements

3. BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT

between the governments

OF FRANCE AND SPAIN

 of France and Spain in the

IN THE PEACE OF BASEL (SIGNED, 1795)

Peace of Basel signed in 1795,

WHICH HAS GIVEN THE SPANISH AREA

TP FRANCE.

 which had given the Spanish area to France.

Upon arrival in Santo Domingo, Louverture immediately sought to abolish slavery in Dominican territory, although complete abolition of slavery in Santo Domingo

CAME WITH RENEWED HAITIAN PRESENCE

IN EARLY 1822

came with renewed Haitian presence in early 1822.

PUERTO RICO...

Puerto Rico was still a Spanish colony,

AND MAYAGUEZ

and Mayagüez, being so close to Hispaniola,

JUST ACROSS THE MONA  PASSAGE,

 just across the Mona Passage,

HAD BECOME A REFUGE FOR WEALTHY

INMIGRANTS

had become a refuge for wealthy migrants

FROM SANTO DOMINGO LIKE THE DUARTES

from Santo Domingo like the Duartes

AND OTHER NATIVE BORN

and other native born on the Spanish side

WHO DID NO ACCEPT HAITIAN RULE

who did not accept Haitian rule.

Most scholars assume that the Duartes' first son, Vicente Celestino, was born here at this time on

 the EASTER SIDE OF MONA PASSAGE

eastern side of the Mona Passage.

The family returned to Santo Domingo

 in 1809, however,

AFTER SPANISH RECONQUEST SANTO

DOMINGO

after the Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo.

In 1819,

DUARTE ENROLLED IN MANUEL AYBAR'S

SCHOOL

Duarte enrolled in Manuel Aybar's school

WHERE HE LEARNED:

1. READING.

2. WRITING.

3.GRAMMAR

4. ARITHMETIC

where he learned reading, writing, grammar and arithmetic.

HE WAS DISCIPLE OF DR. JUAN VICENTE

MOSCOSO

He was a disciple of Dr. Juan Vicente Moscoso

FROM HE OBTAINED HIS HIGHER EDUCATION

from whom he obtained his higher education

1. IN LATIN.

2. PHILOSOPHY.

3. LAW.

 in Latin, philosophy and law,

DUE TO THE CLOSURE THE UNIVERSITY

BY THE HAITIAN AUTHORITIES

due to the closure of the university

 by the Haitian authorities.

AFTER THE EXILE

After the exile of Dr. Moscoso to Cuba,

HIS ROLE WAS CONTINUED BY

THE PRIEST GASPAR  HERENANDEZ.

his role was continued by the priest Gaspar Hernández.

Ancestors of Juan Pablo Duarte
The struggle for independence

LA TRINITARIA WAS THE ORGANIZER

La Trinitaria was the organizer

of the formation and independence

 of the Dominican Republic.

IN DECEMBER 1821...


In December 1821,

WHEN DUARTE WAS EIGHT (8) YEARS OLD

when Duarte was eight years old,

MEMBERS OF THE CREOLE ELITE

OF SANTO DOMINGO'S

members of a Creole elite of Santo Domingo's

CAPITAL PROCLAIME ITS INDEPENDENCE

capital proclaimed its independence

FROM SPANISH RULE

from Spanish rule, calling themselves

HAITI ESPANOL.

Haití Español.

Historians today call this elite's brief

courtship with sovereignty the

EPHEMERAL INDEPENDENCE

Ephemeral Independence.

The most prominent leader of the

coup against Spanish colonial government

was one of its former supporters,


JOSE NUNEZ DE CACERES

José Núñez de Cáceres.

These individuals were tired of being ignored by the Crown, and some were also concerned with the new liberal turn in Madrid.

Their deed was not an isolated event.

THE 1820 WAS TIME OF PROFOUND

POLITICAL CHANGES...

The 1820s was a time of profound political

changes throughout the entire Spanish Atlantic

World,

WHICH AFFECTED DIRECTLY

THE LIVES OR PETITE BOURGEOISIE

which affected directly the lives of petite bourgeoisie

LIKE THE DUARTES.

like the Duartes.

 It began with the conflictive period between Spanish royalists and liberals in the Iberian Peninsula, which is known today as the

TRIENIO LIBERAL AMERICAN PATRIOTS

IN ARMS

Trienio Liberal. American patriots in arms,

 like Simón Bolívar in South America,

 immediately reaped the fruits of Spain's

destabilization, and began pushing

back colonial troops.

 Even conservative elites in New Spain

 (like Agustín de Iturbide in Mexico), who

 had no intention of being ruled by

SPANISH ANTICLERICALS

Spanish anticlericals,

MOVED TO BREAK TIES WITH THE

CROWN IN SPAIN

moved to break ties with the crown in Spain.


Oil portrait of Juan Pablo Duarte. Exact replica of the only photograph that is preserved of him.
Many others in Santo Domingo wanted independence from Spain for reasons much closer to home. Inspired by the revolution and independence on the island, Dominicans mounted a number of different movements and conspiracies in the period from 1809-1821 against slavery and colonialism.[9] Several towns asked for Haiti to help with Dominican independence weeks before the experiment of Haití Español even began.[10]

The Cáceres provisional government requested support from Simón Bolivar's new government,

BUT THEIR PETITION WAS IGNORED

but their petition was ignored

GIVEN THE INTERNAL CONFLICTS

ONF THE GRAN COLOMBIA

given the internal conflicts of the Gran Colombia.[11] .

Meanwhile, a plan for unification with Haiti grew stronger. Haitian politicians wanted to keep the island out of the hands of European imperial powers and thus a way to safeguard the Haitian Revolution[citation needed].

Haiti's President Jean-Pierre Boyer

SEND AN ARMY

sent an army

THAT TOOK OVER THE EASTER PORTION

that took over the eastern portion of Hispaniola.

Haiti then abolished slavery there once and for all,

AND OCCUPIED AND ABSORBED

and occupied and absorbed Santo Domingo

into the Republic of Haiti.

Struggles between Boyer and the old colonial

HELPED PRODUCE A MIGRATION OF PLANTERS

AND ELITE

helped produce a migration of planters and elite.

IT ALSO LED TO THE CLOSING

OF THE UNIVERSITY

It also led to the closing of the university.

1. FOLLOWING THE BURGEOISIE

Following the bourgeoisie

2.custom of sending

 3. PROMISING SONS ABROAD

4. FOR  EDUCATION

promising sons abroad for education,

5. THE DUARTE SENT JUAN PABLO



5.1. TO THE UNITED STATES

the Duartes sent Juan Pablo to the United States

5.2. AND EUROPE

and Europe in 1828[citation needed].


Statue of Duarte in Juan Pablo Duarte Square, New York City
On July 16, 1838, Duarte and others established a secret patriotic society called La Trinitaria, which helped undermine Haitian occupation.

Some of its first members included Juan Isidro Pérez, Pedro Alejandro Pina, Jacinto de la Concha, Félix María Ruiz, José María Serra, Benito González, Felipe Alfau, and Juan Nepomuceno Ravelo.

LATER ....

DUARTE AND OTHERS FOUNDED

Later, Duarte and others founded

A SOCIETY CALLED :

LA FILANTROPICA

a society called La Filantrópica,

1.WHICH HAD A MORE PUBLIC PRESENCE

which had a more public presence,

2. SEEKING TO SPREAD

3. VEILED IDEAS OF LIBERATION

seeking to spread veiled ideas of liberation

THROUGH THEATRICAL STAGES

 through theatrical stages.

All of this, along with the help of many who

 wanted to be rid of the Haitians

who ruled over Dominicans led to the

proclamation of independence

on February 27, 1844

 (Dominican War of Independence).

However, Duarte HAD BEEN EXILED

TO CARACAS

had already been exiled to Caracas, Venezuela

THE PREVIOUS YEAR FOR HIS

INSURGENT CONDUCT

the previous year for his insurgent conduct.

 He continued to correspond with members

of his family and members of the

 independence movement[citation needed].

Independence could not be denied

AND AFTER MANY STRUGGLES, THE

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC WAS BORN

and after many struggles, the Dominican Republic

 was born.

A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERMENT

WAS ESTABLISHED

A republican form of government was established where a free people would hold ultimate power

AND THROUGH THE VOTING PROCESS

and, through the voting process, would give

RISE TO DEMOCRACY

rise to a democracy where every citizen would,

in theory, be equal and free.

Duarte was supported by many as a candidate for the presidency of the new-born Republic.

MELLA WANTED DUARTE

TO SIMPLY DECLARE

HIMSELF

PRESIDENT

Mella wanted Duarte to simply declare himself president.

DUARTE NEVER GIVING UP...

Duarte never giving up

ON THE PRINCIPLES

on the principles

1. DEMOCRACY.

2. FAIRNES BY WHICH HE LIVED

of democracy and fairness by which he lived,

3. WOULD ONLY ACCEPT IF VOTED

4. IN BY A MAJORITY

would only accept if voted in by a majority

of the Dominican people[citation needed].

DUARTE HAD A DEFINITE CONCEPT

OF THE DOMINICAN NATION

Duarte had a definite concept of the

DOMINICAN NATION AND ITS MEMBERS.

Dominican nation and its members.

His conception of a republic was that of

A REPUBLIC.

1. ANTI-COLONIAL.

2. LIBERAL.

3. PROGRESSIVE PATRIOT.

a republican, anticolonial, liberal and progressive patriot.

At that time

HE DRAFTED A DRAFT CONSTITUTION

he drafted a draft constitution

THAT CLEARL STATES

 that clearly states that the

DOMINICAN FLAG

Dominican flag

CANN SHELTER ALL RACES

 can shelter all races,

WITHOUT EXCLUDING

OR GIVING PREDOMINANCE

without excluding or giving predominance

TO ANY.

to any. However, the forces of those favoring

SPANISH SOUVEREIGHTY AS PROTECTION

Spanish sovereignty as protection

FROM CONTINUED HAITIAN THREATS AND

INVASIONS

 from continued Haitian threats and invasions,

led by general Pedro Santana,

A LARGE LANDWONER

a large landowner from the eastern lowlands,

TOOK OVER AND EXILE DUARTE

IN 1845

 took over and exiled Duarte. In 1845,

SANTANA EXILED THE ENTIRE

DUARTE FAMILY

Santana exiled the entire Duarte family.

After more but unsuccessful Haitian invasions,

internal disorder, and his and others’ misrule,

SANTANA TURNED THE COUNTRY BACK

INTO A COLONY OF SPAIN (1861)

Santana turned the country back

 into a colony of Spain in 1861,

 was awarded the HEREDITARY TITLE

OF MARQUESS OF LAS CARRERAS

hereditary title of Marquess of Las Carreras

by the Spanish Queen Isabella II, and died

 in 1864.

Duarte's family in Venezuela

DID NOT TOO BADLY...

1. THEY LIVED.

2. THEY WORKED

 did not do too badly, they lived and worked

in an affluent area.[citation needed]

Duarte's cousin Manuel Diez became

VICE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNTRY

Vice President of the country and helped shelter his kinsman.[citation needed]

DUARTE'S FAMILY

WAS KNOW TO PRODUCE CANDLES

Duarte's family was known to produce candles,

THIS WAS A MAJOR RETAIL

AD WHOLESALE PRODUCT

this was a major retail and wholesale product

SINCE LIGHT BULBS

FOR LIGHTING

HAD NOT BEEN INVENTD YET.

since light bulbs for lighting had not been invented yet. While not luxuriously rich an income was available for the Duarte's.[citation needed]

JUAN PABLO DUARTE

1. BEING A MAN OF ACTION

2. AS WELL OF HIGH LEVEL OF CURIOSITY



Juan Pablo being a man of action as well of a high level of curiosity went off to live in the Venezuela, there he had some contacts and he made off to meet with them. The Venezuela of this period was wracked by a series of civil wars and internal dissensions. Duarte even though he and his family were already by this time residents of the country, still felt ambivalent about openly participating in the country's political life, all this despite the fact that the aforementioned cousin Manuel Antonio Díez from the Vice Presidency, went on to become President of Venezuela in an Ad Tempore capacity.


DUARTE TRAVELS...

1. IN VENEZUELA.

Duarte travels in Venezuela

2. INVOLVED.

3. STUDYING INDIGENOUS  PEOPLE'S

 involved studying the indigenous people's

4. AND LEARNING FROM:

4.1. BLACK.

4.2 MULATTO COMMUNITIES.

4.3. AS WELL OBSERVING AS MUCH

HE COULD OF THE :

VENEZUELA OF HIS TIME.


S and learning from the black and mulatto communities as well as observing as much as he could of the Venezuela of his time.

DUARTE WAS AN EXTREMELY EDUCATED

MAN...

1. FLUENT IN  M A N Y  LANGUAGES.

2. HE WAS A FORMER SOLDIER.

3. HE WAS A TEACHER.

Duarte was an extremely educated man, fluent in many languages, he was a former soldier and teacher.

THESE ABILITIES HELPED HIM SURVIVE...

These abilities helped him survive

AND THRIVE :

1. IN THOSE PLACES.

2. HE TRAVELLED.

and thrive in those places he travelled.

It also MARKET HIM AS ON OTUSIDER

marked him as an outsider,

SINCE HE CAME FROM A CARIBBEAN

since he came from a caribbean country

 he probably sounded much different than most of the Spanish speakers around him.[citation needed] However Santo Domingo and the Republic

THAT HE HAD HELPED FATHER

that he had helped father

WERE ALSO HIGHLY LIKE ALWAYS

were also highly likely always

1.CLOSE TO HIS THEAR

2.AND HIS MIND.

close to his heart and his mind.

So he was very much a man divided

1., excited and deeply moved

2.by the current surroundings, people's

3. and events around him, however

VERY MUCH THINKING

very much thinking

ABOUT HIS BELOEVED LAND

AND PEOPLE

about his beloved land and people

WHOM HE SACRIFICED SO MUCH FOR.

whom he sacrificed so much for.

A MAN IN A CONTEMPLATIVE:

MOOD

A man in a contemplative mood,

WOUNDED BY THE DRASTIC

EXPULSION SUCH AS HE SUFFERED

wounded by the drastic expulsion

such as he suffered,

WOULD HAVE VERY LITTLE TIME

would have very little time

FOR LONG TERM WIFE

for a long term wife,

CHILDREN

OR TRUE STABILITY

children or true stability.


Only known photo of Juan Pablo Duarte.

Taken by the Venezuelan photographer

Prospero Agustín Rey Medrero

in Venezuela, in 1873.

Duarte, then living in Venezuela,

1.WAS MADE THE DOMINICAN CONSUL

was made the Dominican Consul

2. AND PROVIDED WITH A PENSION

and provided with a pension

3. TO HONOR HIM FOR HIS SACRIFICE

to honor him for his sacrifice.

But even this after some time

WAS NOT HONORED AND HE LOST:

1. COMMISION.

2. PENSION

was not honored and he lost commission and pension.

 He, Juan Pablo Duarte,

1. THE POET.

2. THE PHILOSOPHER.

3. THE WRITER.

4. ACTOR.

5. SOLDIER.

6. GENERAL.

7. DREAMER.

8. HERO.

 the poet, philosopher, writer, actor, soldier, general, dreamer and hero

DIED NOBLY IN CARACAS

died nobly in Caracas[1]

AT THE AGE OF 63...

at the age of 63.

His remains were transferred to

DOMINICAN SOIL IN 1884

Dominican soil in 1884

—IRONICALLY, BY PRESIDENT

AND DICTATOR:

ULISES HEUREAUX

ironically, by president and dictator Ulises Heureaux,

1. AND GIVEN A PROPER BURIAL.

2  FULL HONORS.

and given a proper burial with full honors.

He is entombed in a beautiful mausoleum,

THE ALTAR DE LA PATRIA

the Altar de la Patria,

at the Count's Gate (Puerta del Conde),

alongside Sanchez and Mella,

who at that spot fired the rifle shot

THAT PROPELLED THEM INTO LEGEND

that propelled them into legend.

Legacy and honors

Juan Pablo Duarte memorial, Roger Williams Park, Providence, Rhode Island
Duarte's birth is commemorated by Dominicans every January 26.
A memorial to Duarte stands in Roger Williams Park in Providence, Rhode Island[12]
A bronze statue to Duarte was erected at the intersection of 6th Avenue and Canal Street in New York City in 1978.[13]
St. Nicholas Avenue in Manhattan is co-named Juan Pablo Duarte Boulevard from Amsterdam Avenue and West 162nd Street to the intersection of West 193rd Street and Fort George Hill.[14]
See also
History of the Dominican Republic
Notes.

HIS PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS WERE:


MANUEL DUARTE JIMENEZ

 His paternal grandparents were

Manuel Duarte Jiménez and

ANA MARIA RODRIGUEZ DE TAPIA

Ana María Rodríguez de Tapia,

BOTH FROM VEJER DE LA FRONTERA

both from Vejer de la Frontera

 (Kingdom of Seville, Spain).

HIS MATERNAL GRAN PARENTS

WERE:

ANTONIO DIEZ BAILLO

His maternal grandparents were

Antonio Díez Baillo,

FROM OSORNO LA MAYOR

 from Osorno la Mayor

 (PROVINCE OF TORO, Spain),

AND

RUFINA JIMENEZ BENITEZ


and Rufina Jiménez Benítez,

WHO WAS BORN IN ELSEYBO

who was born in El Seybo

 (Captaincy General of

Santo Domingo, New Spain).[4]


References.

 "Juan Pablo Duarte Biography". Biography.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
 Serra, José María (1887). Apuntes para la historia de los trinitarios. Santo Domingo: Imprenta García Hermanos.
 Mendez Mendez, Serafin (2003). "Juan Pablo Duarte". Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN 0313314438.
 González Hernández, Julio Amable (23 October 2015). "Los ancestros de Juan Pablo Duarte". Cápsulas Genealógicas en Areíto (in Spanish). Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
 www.colonialzone-dr.com
 Deive, Carlos Esteban (1989).

LAS EMIGRACIONES DOMINICANAS

A CUBA

 Las emigraciones Dominicanas a Cuba,

1795-1808. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana.
 "Hispaniola Article". Britannica.com. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
 "Dominican Republic 2014". Retrieved 24 April 2014.
 Lora Hugi, Quisqueya.

 "EL SONIDO DE LA LIBERTAD".

 Mackenzie, Charles (1830). Notes on Haiti made during a residence in that republic. London: Henry Coleburn and Richard Bentley. p. 235.
 "Venezuela tiene deuda histórica con Haití".
 "Historic Figure: Juan Pablo Duarte - Providence, RI". Photo-Ops. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
 "Duarte Square". NYC Parks. NYC Parks Department. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
 "MAYOR GUILIANI SIGNS BILL

Mayor Giuliani Signs Bill That Names Section of St. Nicholas Avenue

IN HONOR OF JUAN PABLO DUARTE

in Honor of Juan Pablo Duarte" (Press release). New York City Mayor's Office. February 22, 2000. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
External links
Haggerty, Richard A., ed. (1989). Dominican Republic: A country study. Federal Research Division. Haiti and Santo Domingo.
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
BNE: XX911147BNF: cb121298352 (data)GND: 105472864XISNI: 0000 0000 5956 7862LCCN: n50032278SUDOC: 029739004VIAF: 75095386WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 75095386
Categories: 1813 births1876 deathsPeople from Santo DomingoDominican Republic people of Spanish descent19th-century Dominican Republic poetsDominican Republic male poetsCaribbean writersHistory of the Dominican RepublicDuarte ProvincePeople of the Dominican War of Independence19th-century male writersDominican Republic emigrants to VenezuelaFlag designersIndependence activists
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------------

Empecemos

¿QUE ES INNOVACION PUBLICA?

----------

La innovación pública busca

generar propuesta no concenso....

----------
DESDE LA NOCHE DEL 27 de febrero

de 1844, LA ECONOMIA & EL MODELO

DE DESARROLLO INTEGRAL,

1. HUMANO.

2. ECONOMICO.

3.ENDOGENO,

-PROPIO. ORIGINAL-

de la nacion y de la REPUBLICA

DOMINCANA, han logrado

construir :

1. CON LAS MANOS DOMINICANAS.

2. CON LOS CUERPOS DOMINICANOS,

3. CON LAS VOCES DOMINICANOS...

4...CON LOS CEREBROS...DOMINICANOS,

lLO QUE AFIRMO....

afirmo en su momento:

el  procer JOSE MARTI:

NUESTRO VINO, ES AGRIO,

PERO ES EL NUESTRO....

EL MISMO INDIVIDUO DEL TRABUCAZO,

MATIAS RAMON MELLA, en tiempos de

PAZ, como  CIENTIFICO DOMINICANO, fue

uno de los PRIMEROS MINISTROS, contratados

como:

1. EMPLEADO PUBLICO.

2. SERVIDOR PUBLICO.

3. FUNCIONARIO PUBLICO.

4. COMO MINISTRO PUBLICO DOMINICANO

del PRIMER MINISTERIO DE USOS

INTENSIVOS DE TALENTOS CIENTIFICOS

de la nacion dominicana, EN EL SIGLO XIX:

MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA & COMERCIO....

1.SIN DINERO.

2. SIN BANCA DE DESARROLLO, ningun

sueno de AUTOSUFICIENCIA O SOBERANIA

ALIMENTARIA, es posiblel...

3. SIN COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL DE

IMPORTACION & EXPORTACION, ninguna

de las INDUSTRIAS DOMINICANAS, puede

FUNCIONAR ADECUADAMENTE...

HEMOS LOGRADO EVOLUCIONAR COMO:

ECONOMIA DOMINICANA, del CONUQUISMO

a las explotaciones AGRICOLAS....

1. RENTABLES.

2. SOSTENIBLES.

3. EXPORTADORAS...

a los AGRO-NEGOCIOS, porque somos:

UNA PATRIA CAMPESINA,

AGROPECUARIA...

de GENTE HUMILDE & PACIFICA, la cual

LEJOS DE LAS CIUDADES, se levanta,

de forma :

OCCIDENTAL,

DEMOCRATICA,

CIVILIZADA,

todos los dias del mundo a CUMPLIR

COMO TRABAJADORES Y TRABAJADORAS,

incluyendo a nuestros ninos y ninas,

desde los 3 ANOS DE EDAD, el horario

INFERNAL, el horario de la ANTROPOLOGIA

DEL HAMBRE & DE LA MISERIA:

CONCRETAS, DOMINICANAS...

De 4 de la manana a 6 de la tarde...

1. Para producir: CANA DE AZUCAR.

2. Para productir: CAFE...

3. Para producir: CACAO.

4. Para producir: YUCA.

5. Para producir: PLATANOS

6. Para producir: HABICHUELAS.

7. Para producir : BANANOS...

DE CALIDAD MUNDIAL O EXPORTABLE...

PERO TAMBIEN PARA PRODUCIR :

CARNE DE RES...

CARNE DE VACA...

Desde los emprendimientos PRODUCTIVOS

de nuestras ganaderos y ganaderas, desde:

SUS MYPIMES, EXPORTADORAS...

ESA ES LA UNICA EXPLICACION DE:

1. Por que  y como LLEGO LA CARNE

DE RES, DOMINICANA, al exigente:

MERCADO DE LA CHINA CONTINENTAL

O CHINA COMUNISTA...

2. Pero el posicionamiento MUNDIAL de

los productos agricolas, agroindustriales,

INDUSTRIALES dominicanos, es IMPENSABLE,

sin la existencia de una INVERSION las

24 horas del dia en:

INFRAESTRUCTURA (1844-2019)

1. INFRAESTRUCTURA TELECOMUNICACIONAL

PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS:

CIENCIAS TICS, DOMINICANAS.

2. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE COMUNICACION

-DE PRODUCTOS FISICOS -CON EL MERCADO

MUNDIAL (1844-2019):

2.1. PUERTOS.

2.2. AEROPUERTOS..

3. INFRAESTRUCTURA DE LOGISTICA:

TERRESTRE.

3.1. PARA MOVER FLUJOS DE PASAJEROS.

3.2. PARA MOVER FLUJOS DE CARGA

DE PRODUCTOS EN EL MERCADO DE:

IMPORTACION & EXPOTACION.

SOLO ASI, con el sudor y los SUENOS de

prosperidad ECONOMICA, INDIVIDUAL &

FAMILIAR, de toda la poblacion DOMINICANA,

nacida, entre 1844 y 2019, es que hemos

logrado COMO NACION DOMINICANA:

1. TENER PRESENCIA ORGANICA, en

140 mercados de PAISES AMIGOS DE

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA,porque :

COMPRAN SUS PRODUCTOS & SERVICIOS

A PRECIOS DE"

 MERCADO.

2l LA FACTURACION ANUAL DE MAS DE:

11,000 MILLONES DE DOLARES.

Pero una ECONOMIA PROSPERA NO SE

CONSTRUYE EN UN DIA, ni sin la existencia

DEL MEJOR ALIADO DE LAS MYPIMES

Y DE LA GENTE POBRE:

LOS BANCOS, EL SISTEMA FINANCIERO

DOMINICANO, de cara al relanzamiento

MUNDIAL DEL CONSEJO NACIONAL DE

LA COMPETITIVIDAD, inaugurado por el

CIENTIFICO AGROPECUARIO DOMINICANO,

ING. HIPOLITO MEJIA DOMINGUEZ, CON:

SUS CIENTIFICOS & CIENTIFICAS DE

CONFIANZA EN LAS CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS,

entre los que se conto siempre el PADRE

JESUITA, JOSE LUIS ALEMAN DUPUY,

el MEJOR DE LOS REGALOS QUE NOS HA

PROPORCIONADO, en la HISTORIA

ECONOMICA DOMINICANA, el pais

hermano:

ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS,

LA HERMANA NACION DE MEXICO:

1928-2007, 3 diciembre, 2001.

LA ADMINISTRACION DEL CIENTIFICO

DOMINICANO,

1. ING. QUIMICO.

2. ECONOMISTA, especializado en :

ECONOMIA DOMINICANA & ECONOMIA

MUNDIAL, contemporanea, del siglo XXI,

en el INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE

SANTO DOMINGO, HA RETOMADO:

LA FORMULA QUE DIO ORIGEN AL

UNCTAD, en el ano 1954, fomento:

1. De las EXPORTACIONES.

2. FOMENTO DEL DESARROLLO;

ECONOMICO E INDUSTRIAL, DESDE

LAS MYPIMES.

3. FOMENTO DEL EMPLEO JUVENIL,

DESDE EL EMPRENDIMIENTO O

ECONOMIA NARANJA, ECONOMIA

CREATIVA, que esta generando casi

30 millones de EMPLES DIRECTOS,

en todos los paises del mundo, ES DECIR:

TANTA GENTE OCUPADA PRODUCIENDO

RIQUEZA...

1. DESDE LA CREATIVIDAD :

ARTISTICO-PERFORMATIVA,

DE LOS ESCENARIOS, DEL

SHOW BUSINESS, DESDE LA :

FARANDULA...

2. DESDE LA CREATIVIDAD CIENTIFICA...

2.1. BIOTECNOLOGICA.

2.2. NANOTECNOLOGICA.

2.3. DE LAS CIENCIAS TICs.

y finalmente, DESDE EL EJERCICIO

DIARIO, DE LA CREATIVIDAD:

1. ECONOMICA.

2. COMERCIAL.

3. EXPORTADORA,

DE LAS PERSONAS & ORGANIZACIONES

QUE SE HAN ESPECIALIZADO, EN TQM,

DESDE LA MANUFACTURA, en TQM,

desde el sistema BANCARIO O FINANCIERO,

EN HACER QUE :

1. EL DINERO DEPOSITADO EN BANCOS.

2. PRODUZCA RIQUEZA, desde la BANCA

DE DESARROLLO.

3. DESDE EL SISTEMA FORMAL DE LOS:

BANCOS COMERCIALES, ESTABLECIDOS

EN LA NACION & EN LA REPUBLICA

DOMINICANA, con sus iniciativas orientadas

A LAS MYPIMES DOMINICANAS, DE

POTENCIAL EXPORTADOR, en el siglo

XXI.

ES ASI COMO HEMOS LOGRADO DERROTAR

A LOS PEORES ENEMIGOS DE:

1. TODA INSULARIDAD.

2. DE TODA ECONOMIA INSULAR.

3. DE LA DOMINICANIDAD...

A. EL HAMBRE & LA MISERIA CONCRETAS,

que persigue a todo ser humano nacido de

una madre dominicana, desde el ano :

3,500 antes de Critso hasta el dia de hoy,

EN LA ISLA HISPANIOLA...

USANDO EL METODO CIENTIFICO,

COMO NOS LO ENSENARON:

CIENTIFICOS DOMINICANOS COMO:

JUAN PABLO DUARTE Y DIEZ,

ULISES FRANCISCO ESPAILLAT,

HORARIO VASQUEZ,

ELADIO VICTORIA VICTORIA,

EUGENIO MARIA DE HOSTOS,

SALOME URENA DE HENRIQUEZ,

PEDRO HENRIQUEZA URENA,

JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO

(1844-2019)

PONIENDO ESPECIAL ATENCION Y

PRIORIDAD EN NUESTROS NINOS

Y NINAS... DOMINICANOS, ESCOLARIZANDOLOS

EN CIENCIAS & TECNOLOGIAS, EN :

CIENCIAS TICs...

NUESTROS JOVENES, DE AMBOS SEXOS

ESCOLARIZANDOLOS EN:

CIENCIAS & TECNOLOGIAS, para que:

PROSPEREN ECONOMICAMENTE, como:

1. AUTORES Y AUTORAS ORIGINALES

DE :

DOMINICANIDAD.

2. INNOVADORES & INNOVADORAS,

DESDE LA :

DESTRUCCION CREATIVA.

3. COMO AGRICULTORES Y AGRICULTORAS

EN LOS AGRO-NEGOCIOS EXPORTADORES.

4. COMO COMERCIANTES ECONOMICAMENTE

PROSPEROS, EN LA PRODUCCION O

GENERACION DE RIQUEZA:

LA RIQUEZA DOMINICANA, como:

SOCIEDAD POLICLASISTA, OCCIDENTAL,

CAPITALISTA,

CULTURA, POLICLASISTA, OCCIDENTAL,

CAPITALISTA, DESDE LA MANUFACTURA:

1. LAS METRICAS O ESTADARES MUNDIALES

EN TQM, DESDE KINDER...

2. LAS METRICAS O ESTANDARES MUNDIALES

DEL KAYZEN O LA MEJORA CONTIUA, en

todas las ACTIVIDADES DE PRODUCCION

ECONOMICA EXPORTADORA:

DOMINICANAS, en el siglo XXI, ensenandoles

TALES METODOLOGIAS A TODOS Y A TODAS

LOS NINOS,NINAS, ADOLESCENTES &

JOVENES DOMINICANOS, incluyendo a:

MILLENNIALS MOMS, desde KINDER

en las ESCUELAS & UNIVERSIDADES

DOMINICANAS, DESDE EL PRE-GRADO:

UNIVERSITARIO, en el sistema de las

50 universidades DOMINICANAS, que:

1. con sus LABORATORIOS.

2. SUS AULAS HUMANAS.

3. SUS TALLERES, ensenan el :

METODO CIENTIFICO UNIVERSAL,

desde la eleccion del procer

AUTODIDACTA, HOMESHOOLER,

CIENTIFICO & ECONOMISTA

DOMINICANO, EN 1962:

PROF. JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO

(1909-2001) hasta el mismo dia de hoy:

NOVIEMBRE, 2019.

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV.

CCIAV, CC4AVE.

Talents, Criticism, Friendship!

Salut, Polis, Ecumene!

(1959-2019).

--------

Una transformación representa UNA NUEVA VIDA

una nueva vida.

Desde un viejo banco dedicado al fomento

de la vivienda (1962), BANDEX se transforma

DE POLITICA ACTIVA

 en un gran instrumento de política

activa de la @PresidenciaRD

PARA FOMENTAR LAS EXPORTACIONES

 para fomentar las exportaciones

COMO BANCO DE DESARROLLO

como banco de desarrollo (2019).

@ADOEXPO

-----------

Empower the next generation of scientists

 and register UPCOMING SCIENTIFIC

TALENT

upcoming scientific talent

 to compete in the  #Think_Science

WORLD COMPETITION

World Competition 2020

-----

Affiliate before 30 November 2019

http://thinkscience.ae

-------------

LA LEALTAD, cuando es comprada,

siempre es fragil

TACITO.

-------------
EL CAMBIO

NO SE PUEDE, ADMINISTRAR

PETER DRUCKER (1996).

-----------

Otro referente en innovación es Peter Drucker,

CONSIDERADO EL MAYOR FILOSOFO

DE LA ADMINISTRACION

considerado como el mayor filósofo de la administración,

DESARROLLO EL CONCEPTO DE

SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO

desarrolló el concepto de sociedad del conocimiento.

Para Druker

LA INNOVACION ES UN INSTRUMENTO

 la innovación es un instrumento

PARA QUE LOS EMPRESARIOS

para que los empresarios

PUEDAN REALIZAR UN ANALISIS:

SISTEMATICO

puedan realizar un análisis sistemático

1.DE LOS CAMBIOS

2.PARA TRANSFORMALOS EN :

OPORTUNIDADES DE NEGOCIOS.

de los cambios para transformarlos en oportunidades de negocio.

Si bien la conceptualización de innovación

desde el campo I+D se define con claridad

y cuenta con muchas apreciaciones,

BUSCO ATERRIZAR: INNOVACION PUBLICA

busco aterrizar innovación pública.

¿CUANDO SURGE EL CONCEPTO

Cuándo surge el concepto innovación pública?

Analizando la historia, el

CONCEPTO APARECE COMO:

1. RESPUESTA.

A CRISIS.

2. MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES.

concepto aparece como respuesta a crisis y movimientos sociales.

ALGUNOS INDICAN QUE NACE:

LUEGO DE LA CRISIS FINANCIERA DE 2007

Algunos indican que nace luego

 de la crisis financiera del 2007

EN PAISES EUROPEOS Y LATINOAMERICANOS

en los países europeos y lationamericanos,

dado que ocasiona que la

CIUDADANIA :

1. DESPIERTA.

2. COMIENZA A CUESTIONARSE

3. SI EL GOBIERNO

3.1. DEBE FUNCIONAR BAJO MODELOS.

3.2. DEFINIDOS HACE MUCHIIIIIISIMOSSS ANOS..
ciudadanía despierta y comienza a cuestionarse si el gobierno debe funcionar bajo modelos definidos hace muchooos años.
Otras personas no indican fecha pero indican que

EL CONCEPTO APARECE:

1. AL DARSE CUENTA QUE:

EXISTE UNA CRISIS DEL :

ESTADO BENEFACTOR

2. UN AGOTAMIENTO DE LAS ENERGIAS:

UTOPICAS.

 el concepto aparece al darse cuenta que existe una crisis del Estado Benefactor y un agotamiento de las energías utópicas.

MOVIMIENTO MODERNISING GOVERNMENT

DE OCDE (2005).

Otros indican que el concepto de innovación pública nace en respuesta al movimiento “modernising goverment” de la OCDE en el 2005.

Pero lo mas importante

¿QUE ES INNOVACION PUBLICA?

Guiada por Andrea Martínez (2013)

 defino innovación pública como:

LA ADAPTACION

-DE LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA-

GUIADA POR LOS CAMBIOS SOCIALES

la adaptación de la administración pública producto de los cambios sociales

Y TODOS LOS TIPOS DE CAMBIOS QUE HAGAN:

RELACION:

CIUDADANO-ADMINISTRACION, CAMBIE...

y todos tipo de cambios que hagan que la relación entre ciudadano-administración cambie,

LOS CUALES OCASIONAN QUE LA :

ADMINISRACION PUBLICA:

1. TENGA QUE DESARROLLAR...

2. LOS MECANISMOS NECESARIOS...

3. LOS MECANISMOS OPTIMOS.

3.1. PARA PODER:

SATISFACER LAS NECESIDADES DE LOS

CIUDADANOS.

3.2. DE UNA NUEVA MANERA...

 los cuáles ocasionan que la administración pública tengan que desarrollar los mecanismos necesarios y óptimos para poder satisfacer las necesidades de los ciudadanos de una nueva manera.

Para Andrea,

SE DEBE HABLAR EN TERMINOS DE:

1. INNOVACION PUBLICA EN EL SECTOR:

PUBLICO.

2. NO EN LA ADMINISTRACION PUBLICA.

se debe hablar en términos de innovación pública

 en el sector público y no en la administración pública. Porque cuando se habla de administración pública se tiende a pensar en los administrativos del gobierno central, mientras que

HABLAR DEL SECTOR PUBLICO

PERMITE QUE :

1 SE PUEDA IDENTIFICAR TODO.

2. LO QUE SE CARACTERICE COMO:

PUBLICO.

2.1. EMPRESAS PUBLICAS.

2.2. INSTITUCIONES.

2.3 ONGs.

hablar del sector público permite que se pueda identificar todo lo que se caracterice como público (empresas públicas, instituciones, ONGs…)

------------

TRES TIPOS DE INNOVACION PUBLICA.

1. LA DISRUPTIVA.

2. ABIERTA:

EL USUARIO COMO INNOVADOR.

Ella presenta tres tipos de innovación pública:
innovación disruptiva
innovación abierta, inspirada en el modelo de Henry Cherbrough
usuario como innovador

En el 2013,

SURGE EL PRIMER LIBRO ESCRITO POR

HISPANOPARLANTES...

surge el primer libro escrito por hispanoparlantes,

INNOVACION PUBLICA, UN MODELO DE

APORTACION DE VALOR

Innovación pública: un modelo de aportación de valor, donde se

DEFINE INNOVACION PUBLICA COMO:

1. CREACION & APLICACION DE NUEVOS

PROCESOS...EN :

1. MODELOS DE GESTION.

2. PROCESOS.

3. PRODUCTOS.

4. SERVICIOS.

5. METODOS DE PUESTA AL ALCANCE

DEL CIUDADANO.

ESTOS ULTIMOS DAN LUGAR A :

1. IMPORTANTES MEJORAS, EN :

1.1. EFICIENCIA.

1.2. EFICACIA.

1.3. CALIDAD DE LOS RESULTADOS.

define innovación pública como:
La creación y aplicación de nuevos modelos de gestión, procesos, productos y servicios y métodos de puesta al alcance del usuario, los que dan lugar a importantes mejoras en la eficiencia, eficacia y en la calidad de los resultados.

SUPER-OBJETIVO?

1. CREAR VALOR PUBLICO.

2.DE UNA MANERA MAS : EFICIENTE.

Finalidad es crear valor pública de una manera más eficiente
En este libro podemos encontrar reflexiones sobre la innovación inspiradoras como las siguientes:

INNOVAR.

1.UN CONCEPTO OPERACIONALIZADO:

2.ATERRIZADO.
“Innovar es vincular la capacidad creativa

CON LA DE EJECUCION

con la de ejecución” (p.26).

EN ESPANOL?

CERO TEORIA.

ACCION!.

MANOS A LA OBRA!

“La innovación es una forma de gestionar

QUE CUESTIONA:

1. DE MODO CREATIVO.

2 DE MODO LATERAL.

que cuestiona de modo creativo y lateral

1. LAS FORMAS RESPECTO A :

COMO HACEMOS LAS COSAS?

las formas respecto de cómo hacemos las cosas

2. CON UN UNICO OBJETIVO:

2.1 INCREMENTAR LA CAPACIDAD DE:

2.1.1. CREAR O GENERAR VALOR PUBLICO.

2.1.2. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A LOS

CIUDADANOS

2.2. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A

LAS NECESIDADES.

2.3. DANDO NUEVAS RESPUESTAS A

LAS CECESIDADES, DENTRO DEL SISTEMA

DEMOCRATICO.

con un único objetivo: incrementar la capacidad de generar valor público y dar respuesta a los ciudadanos y a las necesidades de los sistemas democráticos” (p.30).
------------

También nos puntualiza en los riesgos:

 de NO INNOVAR en el sector público,

----------
1. Se puede dar la

OBSOLESCENCIA DE LO PUBLICO

obsolescencia de lo público

2. INEFICIENCIA.

Ineficiencia

3. GENERACION DE :

EXTERNALIDADES NEGATIVAS...

Generación de externalidades negativas

4. PERDIDA DE TALENTO.

5. ESPIRAL DE MEDIOCRIDAD.

Pérdida de talento, espiral de mediocridad.

6. BLOQUEO CORPORATIVO.

Bloqueo corporativo

EL ESFUERZO POR INNOVAR...

SE COMIENZA A OBSERVAR COMO EL FACTOR

El esfuerzo por innovar se comienza a observar

COMO UN FACTOR QUE MAS IMPACTA:

EN EL CRECIMIENTO...ECONOMICO...

 como un factor más que impacta en el crecimiento económico,

DONDE :

1 EL PIB YA NO SOLAMENTE DEPENDE:

1.1. DE LA ACUMULACION DE:

1.1.1 AHORRO.

1.1.2. CAPITAL

donde el PIB ya no solamente depende de la acumulación de ahorro y capital

O DEL AUMENTO DE LA FUERZA DE : TRABAJO

 o del aumento de la fuerza de trabajo.
La gestión del riesgo, el uso de los recursos, la transparencia y la poca tolerancia al fracaso forman los elementos que diferencia la innovación en la gestión pública de la gestión privada.
La necesidad y urgencia, conforman los elementos del nacimiento de la innovación pública, donde el usuario tiene un triple rol se transforma en el beneficiario, contribuyente y elector.
Francisco Longo define a la complejidad del entorno como una variable que puede justificar que la AP rompa con su modelo tradicional, sin saberlo Longo da con un motivo para innovar.
Ahora bien, la innovación pública no es la solución a todo, sino representa el esfuerzo de las organizaciones para interactuar en contextos cambiantes y generar valor.
La innovación tampoco puede ser descrita como un proceso de participación ciudadana la innovación pública es un modelo gestión, un modelo que tiene como barreras: la cultura, las políticas cortoplacistas y los liderazgos autoritarios.
Este modelo de gestión es un modelo de cocreación con los ciudadanos que busca tomarlos en cuenta en el proceso de establecimiento de nuevas propuestas de valor en los bienes y servicios públicos.
La innovación pública se basa en la observación y el conocimientos que busca incrementar el valor público a partir de nuevos paradigmas.

LA INNOVACION PUBLICA BUSCA GENERAR:

PROPUESTAS...

NO CONSTRUIR CONSENSOS...

SPECIALISATION, SPECIALIZATION...?

2020

----------
Biography.

Early life and family background

The Thorstein Veblen Farmstead in 2014.

Veblen was born on July 30, 1857, in

CATO, WISCONSIN

Cato, Wisconsin, to Norwegian American

INMIGRANT PARENTS

 immigrant parents,

Thomas Veblen and

KARI BUNDE

Kari Bunde – the fourth(4) of twelve(12)

 children in the Veblen family.

His parents had emigrated from

Norway to MILWAUKEE

Milwaukee, Wisconsin on September 16, 1847,

WITH:

1. FEW FUNDS

with few funds and

2. NO KNOWLEDGE OF ENGLISH

 no knowledge of English.

Despite their limited circumstances

AS INMIGRANTSas immigrants,

Thomas Veblen's knowledge in

1.CARPENTRY

carpentry and

2.CONSTRUCTION PAIRED

construction paired with

HIS WIFE's SUPPORTIVE PERSEVERANCE

 his wife's supportive perseverance

ALLOWED THEM TO STABLISH

A FAMILY FARM

allowed them to establish a family farm

- now a National Historic Landmark -

IN NERSTRAND, MINNESOTA

in Nerstrand, Minnesota.[citation needed]

Veblen

BEGAN HIS SCHOOLING AT THE AGE

began his schooling at the age of five(5).

Since Norwegian was his first language,

HE LEARNED ENGLISH FROM:

1. NEIGHBORS.

2. AT SCHOOL.

he learned English from neighbors and at school.

His parents also learned to speak English fluently,

THOUGH THEY CONITINUED TO READ

PREDOMINANT

though they continued to read predominantly

NORWEGIAN LITERATURE

Norwegian literature

WITH AND AROUND THEIR FAMILY

ON THE FARMSTEAD

with and around their family on the farmstead.

The family

FARM EVENTUALLY GREW MORE PROPEROUS

farm eventually grew more prosperous,

ALLOWING allowing Veblen's

PARENTS TO PROVIDE THEIR CHILDREN

parents to provide their children

WITH FORMAL EDUCATION

with formal education.

Unlike most immigrant families of the time,

Veblen and all of his siblings

RECEIVED TRAINING IN LOWER SCHOOLS

received training in lower schools and

WENT TO RECEIVE HIGHER EDUCATION

went on to receive higher education

AT THE NEARBY

the nearby Carleton College.

VEBLEN SISTER' EMILY

SVeblen's sister, Emily,

WAS REPUTEDLY THE FIRST

DAUGHTER OR NORWEGIAN INMIGRANTS

was reputedly the first daughter

of Norwegian immigrants

TO GRADUATE FROM AN AMERICAN

COLLEGE

to graduate from an American college.[1]

The eldest Veblen child, Andrew Veblen,

ultimately became a

PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS

professor of physics at

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY

Iowa State University and the father

ONE OF AMERICA'S LEADING

MATHEMATITIANS

of one of America's leading mathematicians,

Oswald Veblen of

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

Princeton University.[2]

Several commentators have seen Veblen's Norwegian background and

HIS RELATIVE ISOLATION

FROM AMERICAN SOCIETY

his relative isolation from American society

AS ESSENTIA TO THE UNDERSTANDING

as essential to the understanding

OF HIS WRITINGS

of his writings. Sociologist and educator David Riesman maintains that his background as a child of immigrants meant that Veblen was alienated from his parents' previous culture, but that his living in a Norwegian society within America made him unable to completely "assimilate and accept the available forms of Americanism".[3] According to George M. Fredrickson the Norwegian society Veblen lived in was so isolated that when he left it "he was, in a sense, emigrating to America".[4]

Education
At age 17, in 1874, Veblen was sent to attend nearby Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. Early in his schooling, he demonstrated both the bitterness and the sense of humor that would characterize his later works.[5] Veblen studied economics and philosophy under the guidance of the young John Bates Clark, who went on to become a leader in the new field of neoclassical economics. Clark's influence on Veblen was great, and as Clark initiated him into the formal study of economics, Veblen came to recognize the nature and limitations of hypothetical economics that would begin to shape his theories. Veblen later developed an interest in the social sciences, taking courses within the fields of philosophy, natural history, and classical philology. Within the realm of philosophy, the works of Herbert Spencer were of greatest interest to him, inspiring several preconceptions of socio-economics. In contrast, his studies in natural history and classical philology shaped his formal use of the disciplines of science and language respectively.[6]

After Veblen graduated from Carleton in 1880 he traveled east to study philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. While at Johns Hopkins he studied under Charles Sanders Peirce.[7] When he failed to obtain a scholarship there he moved on to Yale University, where he found economic support for his studies, obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy in 1884, with a major in philosophy and a minor in social studies. His dissertation was titled "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution". At Yale, he studied under renowned academics such as philosopher Noah Porter and sociologist William Graham Sumner.[8]

Academic career
After graduation from Yale in 1884, Veblen was essentially unemployed for seven years. Despite having strong letters of recommendation, he was unable to obtain a university position. It is possible that his dissertation research on "Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution" (1884) was considered undesirable. However this possibility can no longer be researched because Veblen's dissertation has been missing from Yale since 1935.[9] Apparently the only scholar who ever studied the dissertation was Joseph Dorfman, for his 1934 book Thorstein Veblen and His America. Dorfman says only that the dissertation, advised by evolutionary sociologist William Graham Sumner, studies such evolutionary thought as that of Herbert Spencer, as well as the moral philosophy of Kant.[10] Some historians have also speculated that this failure to obtain employment was partially due to prejudice against Norwegians, while others attribute this to the fact that most universities and administrators considered him insufficiently educated in Christianity.[11] Most academics at the time held divinity degrees, which Veblen did not have. Also, it did not help that Veblen openly identified as an agnostic, which was highly uncommon for the time. As a result, Veblen returned to his family farm, a stay during which he had claimed to be recovering from malaria. He spent those years recovering and reading voraciously.[12] It is suspected that these difficulties in beginning his academic career later inspired portions of his book The Higher Learning in America (1918), in which he claimed that true academic values were sacrificed by universities in favor of their own self-interest and profitability.[13]

In 1891, Veblen left the farm to return to graduate school to study economics at Cornell University, under the guidance of economics professor James Laurence Laughlin. With the help of Professor Laughlin, who was moving to the University of Chicago, Veblen became a fellow at that university in 1892. Throughout his stay, he did much of the editorial work associated with the Journal of Political Economy, one of the many academic journals created during this time at the University of Chicago. Veblen used the journal as an outlet for his writings. His writings also began to appear in other journals, such as the American Journal of Sociology, another journal at the university. While he was mostly a marginal figure at the University of Chicago, Veblen taught a number of classes there.[8]

In 1899, Veblen published his first and best-known book, titled The Theory of the Leisure Class. This did not immediately improve Veblen's position at the University of Chicago. He requested a raise after the completion of his first book, but this was denied.[11]

Veblen's students at Chicago considered his teaching "dreadful".[5] Stanford students considered his teaching style "boring". But this was more excusable than some of Veblen's personal affairs. He offended Victorian sentiments with extramarital affairs while at the University of Chicago.[5] At Stanford in 1909, Veblen was ridiculed again for being a womanizer and an unfaithful husband. As a result, he was forced to resign from his position, which made it very difficult for him to find another academic position.[14] One story claims that he was fired from Stanford after Jane Stanford sent him a telegram from Paris, having disapproved of Veblen's support of Chinese coolie workers in California.[15]

With the help of Herbert J. Davenport, a friend who was the head of the economics department at the University of Missouri, Veblen accepted a position there in 1911. Veblen, however, did not enjoy his stay at Missouri. This was in part due to his position as a lecturer being of lower rank than his previous positions and for lower pay. Veblen also strongly disliked the town of Columbia, Missouri, where the university was located.[16] Although he may not have enjoyed his stay at Missouri, in 1914 he did publish another of his best-known books, The Instincts of Worksmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts (1914). After World War I began, Veblen published Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution (1915). He considered warfare a threat to economic productivity and contrasted the authoritarian politics of Germany with the democratic tradition of Britain, noting that industrialization in Germany had not produced a progressive political culture.[17]

By 1917, Veblen moved to Washington, D.C. to work with a group that had been commissioned by President Woodrow Wilson to analyze possible peace settlements for World War I, culminating in his book An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of Its Perpetuation (1917).[17] This marked a series of distinct changes in his career path.[18] Following that, Veblen worked for the United States Food Administration for a period of time. Shortly thereafter, Veblen moved to New York City to work as an editor for a magazine, The Dial. Within the next year, the magazine shifted its orientation and he lost his editorial position.[6]

In the meantime, Veblen had made contacts with several other academics, such as Charles A. Beard, James Harvey Robinson, and John Dewey. The group of university professors and intellectuals eventually founded The New School for Social Research. Known today as The New School, in 1919 it emerged out of American modernism, progressivism, the democratic education. The group was open to students and aimed for a "an unbiased understanding of the existing order, its genesis, growth, and present working".[19] From 1919 to 1926, Veblen continued to write and maintain a role in The New School's development. It was during this time that he wrote The Engineers and the Price System.[20] In it, Veblen proposed a soviet of engineers.[21] According to Yngve Ramstad,[22] the view that engineers, not workers, would overthrow capitalism was a "novel view". Veblen invited Guido Marx to the New School to teach and to help organize a movement of engineers, by such as Morris Cooke; Henry Gantt, who had died shortly before; and Howard Scott. Cooke and Gantt were followers of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific management theory. Scott, who listed Veblen as being on the temporary organizing committee of the Technical Alliance, perhaps without consulting Veblen or other listed members, later helped found the technocracy movement.[23]

Influences on Veblen
German Historical School
The skepticism of the German Historical School regarding laissez-faire economics was also adopted by Veblen.[24]

Pragmatism
American pragmatism distrusted the notion of the absolute, and instead recognized the notion of free will. Rather than God's divine intervention taking control of the happenings of the universe, pragmatism believed that people, using their free will, shape the institutions of society. Veblen also recognized this as an element of causes and effects, upon which he based many of his theories. This pragmatist belief was pertinent to the shaping of Veblen's critique of natural law and the establishment of his evolutionary economics, which recognized the purpose of man throughout.[25]

Contributions to social theory

The Theory of the Leisure Class, 1924
Institutional economics
Thorstein Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of institutional economics with his criticism of traditional static economic theory.[26] As much as Veblen was an economist, he was also a sociologist who rejected his contemporaries who looked at the economy as an autonomous, stable, and static entity. Veblen disagreed with his peers, as he strongly believed that the economy was significantly embedded in social institutions. Rather than separating economics from the social sciences, Veblen viewed the relationships between the economy and social and cultural phenomena. Generally speaking, the study of institutional economics viewed economic institutions as the broader process of cultural development. While economic institutionalism never transformed into a major school of economic thought, it allowed economists to explore economic problems from a perspective that incorporated social and cultural phenomena. It also allowed economists to view the economy as an evolving entity of bounded rationale.[27]

Conspicuous consumption
In his most famous work, The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen writes critically of the leisure class for its role in fostering wasteful consumption.[26] In this first work Veblen coined the term "conspicuous consumption", which he defined as spending more money on goods than they are worth. The term originated during the Second Industrial Revolution when a nouveau riche social class emerged as a result of the accumulation of capital wealth. He explains that members of the leisure class, often associated with business, are those who also engage in conspicuous consumption in order to impress the rest of society through the manifestation of their social power and prestige, be it real or perceived. In other words, social status, Veblen explained, becomes earned and displayed by patterns of consumption rather than what the individual makes financially.[28] Subsequently, people in other social classes are influenced by this behavior and, as Veblen argued, strive to emulate the leisure class. What results from this behavior, is a society characterized by the waste of time and money. Unlike other sociological works of the time, The Theory of the Leisure Class focused on consumption, rather than production.[29]

Conspicuous leisure
Conspicuous leisure, or the non-productive use of time for the sake of displaying social status, is used by Veblen as the primary indicator of the leisure class. To engage in conspicuous leisure is to openly display one's wealth and status, as productive work signified the absence of pecuniary strength and was seen as a mark of weakness. As the leisure class increased their exemption from productive work, that very exemption became honorific and actual participation in productive work became a sign of inferiority. Conspicuous leisure worked very well to designate social status in rural areas, but urbanization made it so that conspicuous leisure was no longer a sufficient means to display pecuniary strength. Urban life requires more obvious displays of status, wealth, and power, which is where conspicuous consumption becomes prominent.[30]

Leisure class
In The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen writes critically of conspicuous consumption and its function in social-class consumerism and social stratification.[27] Reflecting historically, he traces said economic behaviors back to the beginnings of the division of labor, or during tribal times. Upon the start of a division of labor, high-status individuals within the community practiced hunting and war, notably less labor-intensive and less economically productive work. Low-status individuals, on the other hand, practiced activities recognized as more economically productive and more labor-intensive, such as farming and cooking.[31] High-status individuals, as Veblen explains, could instead afford to live their lives leisurely (hence their title as the leisure class), engaging in symbolic economic participation, rather than practical economic participation. These individuals could engage in conspicuous leisure for extended periods of time, simply following pursuits that evoked a higher social status. Rather than participating in conspicuous consumption, the leisure class lived lives of conspicuous leisure as a marker of high status.[32] The leisure class protected and reproduced their social status and control within the tribe through, for example, their participation in war-time activities, which while they were rarely needed, still rendered their lower social class counterparts dependent upon them.[33] During modern industrial times, Veblen described the leisure class as those exempt from industrial labor. Instead, he explains, the leisure class participated in intellectual or artistic endeavors to display their freedom from the economic need to participate in economically productive manual labor. In essence, not having to perform labor-intensive activities did not mark higher social status, but rather, higher social status meant that one would not have to perform such duties.[34]

Theory of business enterprise
The central problem for Veblen was the friction between "business" and "industry". Veblen identified "business" as the owners and leaders whose primary goal was the profits of their companies but, in an effort to keep profits high, often made efforts to limit production. By obstructing the operation of the industrial system in that way, "business" negatively affected society as a whole (through higher rates of unemployment, for example). With that said, Veblen identified business leaders as the source of many problems in society, which he felt should be led by people such as engineers, who understood the industrial system and its operation, while also having an interest in the general welfare of society at large.[35]

Trained incapacity
In sociology, trained incapacity is "that state of affairs in which one's abilities function as inadequacies or blind spots."[36] It means that people's past experiences can lead to wrong decisions when circumstances change.[37] Veblen coined the concept in 1933.[38]

Veblen's economics and politics
Veblen and other American institutionalists were indebted to the German Historical School, especially Gustav von Schmoller, for the emphasis on historical fact, their empiricism and especially a broad, evolutionary framework of study.[39] Veblen admired Schmoller, but criticized some other leaders of the German school because of their overreliance on descriptions, long displays of numerical data and narratives of industrial development that rested on no underlying economic theory. Veblen tried to use the same approach with his own theory added.[40]

Veblen developed a 20th century evolutionary economics based upon Darwinian principles and new ideas emerging from anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Unlike the neoclassical economics that emerged at the same time, Veblen described economic behavior as socially determined and saw economic organization as a process of ongoing evolution. Veblen rejected any theory based on individual action or any theory highlighting any factor of an inner personal motivation. According to him, such theories were "unscientific". This evolution was driven by the human instincts of emulation, predation, workmanship, parental bent, and idle curiosity. Veblen wanted economists to grasp the effects of social and cultural change on economic changes. In The Theory of the Leisure Class, the instincts of emulation and predation play a major role. People, rich and poor alike, attempt to impress others and seek to gain advantage through what Veblen termed "conspicuous consumption" and the ability to engage in "conspicuous leisure". In this work Veblen argued that consumption is used as a way to gain and signal status. Through "conspicuous consumption" often came "conspicuous waste", which Veblen detested. He further spoke of a "predatory phase" of culture in the sense of the predatory attitude having become the habitual spiritual attitude of the individual.[41]

------
Conspicuous leisure is a concept introduced by the American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen, in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). Conspicuous OF VISIBLE LEISURE

or visible leisure is engaged in for the sake of displaying and attaining social status.

The concept comprises

those;

1. forms of leisure

2.that seem to be

FULLY MOTIVATED

fully motivated

BY SOCIAL FACTORS

by social factors, such as

1. TAKING A LONG VACATION

2. TO EXOTIC PLACES

 taking long vacations to exotic places

3. BRING SOUVENIRS BACK

and bringing souvenirs back.

CONSPICUOUS LEISURE IS OBSERVED

Conspicuous leisure is observed

IN ALL SOCIETIES

 in all societies where stratification exists.

Conspicuous leisure

1. CONTRIBUTES TO THE GLORIFICATION

2. OF NON-PRODUCTIVITY

contributes to the glorification of non-productivity,

3. THUS VALIDATING THE BEHAVIIOR

 thus validating the behavior

OF THE MOST POWERFUL CLASSES

of the most powerful classes

AND LEADING THE LOWER CLASSES:

TO ADMIRE

 and leading the lower classes to admire rather than revile the leisure class.

This aids the leisure class in retaining their status and material position. Veblen's more well-known concept of "conspicuous consumption" is employed when non-productivity can be more effectively demonstrated through lavish spending.

Veblen argued that conspicuous leisure

1.HAD DEEP HISTORICAL ROOTS.

2.REACHING BACK INTO PREHISTORY

had deep historical roots reaching back into prehistory,

and that it "evolved" into different forms as time passed.

One example he gave was how, during the Middle Ages,

the nobility

WAS EXEMPTED FROM MANUAL LABOR

was exempted from manual labor,

WHICH WAS RESERVED FOR SERFS.

which was reserved for serfs.

LIKE OWING LAND

Like owning land, abstaining from labor is

a typical display of wealth and one that becomes

MORE PROBLEMATIC AS SOCIETY DEVELOPS

 more problematic as society develops

INTO A INDUSTRIAL ONE

 into an industrial one.

WITH THE EMERGENCE OF INDIVIDUAL:

OWNERSHIP.

With the emergence of individual ownership,

THE LEISURE CLASS

 the leisure class completely

SYOPS CONTRIBUTING THE WELLBEING

OF THEIR COMMUNITY

stops contributing to the wellbeing of their community.

They no longer perform honor-positions, thus totally negating their usefulness to the society.

AND AS SOCIETY MOVES AWAY FROM:

1.HUNTING

2. AGRICULTURE

And as society moves away from hunting and agriculture,

AND FOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION

and towards industrialization, the leisure class can no longer simply take resources from others.

 This is where Veblen offers us an image of the decaying

 Lord or Lady who has lost his or her fortune

BUT IS UNABLE TO ENGAGE IN LABOR IN ORDER

TO LIVE.

but is unable to engage in labor in order to live.

These wealthy elite see labor as MENIAL AND VULGAR

menial and vulgar, yet once they can no longer live their

worthy life of leisure they suffer from an inability to

preserve themselves.

Veblen defines

LEISURE AS NON-PRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION:

OF TIME

 leisure as the non-productive consumption of time.

The wealthy consume time unproductively due to a disgust of menial labor but also as evidence of their pecuniary ability to live idle lives.

But there are moments when even the noble is not viewed publicly and then he must give a satisfactory account of his use of time. Often his account will manifest through the appearance of servants or some sort of craftsmen.

A material proof of leisure is another way that the noble demonstrates his wealth even when he is out of the public's eye.

Objects or trophies or knowledge that

HAS NO REAL-WORLD APPLICATION

has no real-world application are all examples of the things that the wealthy use to demonstrate their wealth and their leisure.

DISPLAYING RULES OF ETIQUETTE

Displaying rules of etiquette and breeding, and formal and ceremonial observances are other demonstrations of unproductive (and therefore leisurely) uses of time.

It is also not enough for the leisure class to live a life of idleness; their servants must also engage in the performance of leisure despite their position as hired help. They are given uniforms, spacious quarters and other material items that signal the wealth of their employer: the more lavish the servants' dress and quarters, the more money the master has to spend freely. This is an example of "conspicuous consumption," a form of conspicuous leisure. House servants give the illusion of "pecuniary decency" to the household, despite the physical discomfort that the leisure class feels at the sight of servants, who produce labor.

----------

The New Social School for Social Research

by Thorstein Veblen, New York  (1904-1929)

See also[edit]
Celebrity culture
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The New Social School for Social Research by Thorstein Veblen, New York  (1904-1929)

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COMO CONTRIBUYE A NIVEL MUNDIAL,

EN EL DISENO DE SOLUCIONES AJUSTADAS A

 La Romana Con Gonzalo
REALIDAD CONCRETA

1. DE LAS PERSONAS,

2. DE LOS SERES HUMANOS,

3. DE LOS PACIENTES Y DE LAS PACIENTES.

4. DE LOS CIUDADANOS Y CIUDADANAS,

-EN LAS DEMOCRACIAS CAPITALISTAS, OCCIDENTALES-

DE LA FAMILIA HUMANA,

-DESDE EL PRESUPUESTO PUBLICO:

1.NACIONAL O

2.MUNICIPAL

PARTICIPATIVOS,

3. EN UN MUNDO GLOBALIZADO Y

ALTAMENTE COMPETITIVO, como el del ano : 2019-

LA ESCALA DE LICKERT,

1. MEJORANDO LA CALIDAD DE LA ADMINISTRACION

PUBLICA, DESDE SU INVENCION: historia, perfeccionamiento,

como instrumento NEUTRAL, DE MEDICION CIENTIFICA?

2. MEJORANDO EL NEW MANAGEMENT :

MUNICIPAL Y NACIONAL, PARA LOS STAKEHOLDERS?

3. MEJORANDO LA CALIDAD -A NIVEL DE TQM- EN:

DECISION MAKING PROCESSES?

---------

LA MEIDICION CIENTIFICA DE UN GERENTE O

DE UN ESTADISTA EN EL TIEMPO...

1. DE SUS EXITOS O FRACASOS...

2. SIN PREJUICIOS.

3. SIN SESGOS...

SE REALIZA A PARTIR DE LA APLICACION DE HERRAMIENTAS

CUANTI-CUALITATIVAS, DE LAS CIENCIAS:

1. TICs.

2. MAS LAS CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS O GERENCIALES.

3. MAS LAS CIENCIAS ESTRATEGICAS DEL :

A. DESARROLLO HUMANO, en las DEMOCRACIAS CAPITALISTAS

OCCIDENTALES, de todo el mundo... SIN INVENTOS...

B. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, DESDE LA APLICACION DE

LAS CIENCIAS EXACTAS COMO :

1. LA LOGISTICA,

1.1.EN LA CADENA DE VALOR

1.2.Y DE DISTRIBUCION

-DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS-

2.EN UN MERCADO CONCRETO...

2. LOGISTICA TERRESTRE: Carreteras, Puentes, Puertos,

Aeropuertos, Caminos Vecinales, Canales de Riego

-CONSTRUCCION DE OBRAS INGENIERILES CIVILES...-

2. LOGISTICA MARITIMA.

Puertos.

Marinas.

Atracaderos....

3. LOGISTICA DE LA INDUSTRIA

DE LA AERO-TRANSPORTACION,

Vease :ASAMBLEA MUNDIAL FUNDACIONAL

-DE 54 PAISES : ICAO, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS-

1944-

4. LOGISTICA DEL COMERCIO Y EL TURISMO DE:

TRASBORDO, -caso FERRIES DEL CARIBE- que

permite AL TURISTA INDIVIDUAL Y A SU FAMILIA,

LA CONSTRUCCION DE UNA EXPERIENCIA

PANORAMICA, distribucional del DOLAR TURISTICO,

entre las islas PUERTO RICO Y REPUBLICA DOMINICANA....

-DESDE EL TURISMO MULTI-DESTINO-

1. En un barrio.

2. En un paraje.

3. En una seccion.

4. En un municipio.

5. En una provincia.

6.  En un continente.

7. EN UNA FAMILIA HUMANA.

8. En un sector ESPECIFICO DE LA ECONOMIA.

PARA QUE SIRVE EN REALIDAD

 -EL INVENTO PATENTADO-

LA ESCALA DE LICKERT?

------------

1. Que es la escala de Lickert?

2. Para que sirve a los cientificos y cientificas

-de todo el mundo- en CIENCIAS TICs?

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV

----------
1914.

NACE EN LAS LOMAS

-DE PALO AMARILLO,  SABANA IGLESIAS-

LA NINA ANONIMA

-DOMINICANA, CAMPESINA, ANALFABETA-

ELENA CASTILLO DE SANTOS....

Por que NACIO?

1. PORQUE ERA HIJA DE UN

MATRIMONIO CANONICO, CATOLICO.

2. QUE NO PRACTICAN, EL ABORTO

O EL INFANTICIDIO.

3. RESPETAN LOS DERECHOS:

 UNIVERSALES DE : NASCITURUS....

---------

1.SI LA NINA ELENA CASTILLO

 -POR SER HEMBRA,-

HUBIERA SIDO ABORTADA,

-COMO UNA POLITICA DE ESTADO

DE; CONTROL DE LA NATALIDAD

FEMENINA...-

1. NO hubiera podido CASARSE

- ENTRE LOS 14 Y LOS 15 ANOS de edad...-

2. CON MI ABUELO PATERNO

- LUIS MARIA SANTOS GARCIA...-

NO HABRIA EMPRENDIDO SUS:

 NEGOCIOS

- EN EL SECTOR INMOBILIARIO DE LA

CIUDAD DE SANTIAGO, DE LOS CABALLEROS-

GENERANDO RIQUEZA A:

1. LA ECONOMIA PERSONAL,

2. FAMILIAR,

3. COMO AL AYUNTAMIENTO

-DE SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS-

porque siempre pago sus IMPUESTOS...

2. SI LA NINA, ELENA CASTILLO:

2.1. JOVENCITA

2.2.NO VE SU PRIMERA

MENSTRUACION...

2.3. NO SE HABRIA PODIDO :

EMBARAZAR...

2.2. SI NO SE EMBARAZABA, NO:

 PODIA PARIR A SU PRIMER HIJO....

(CASUALMENTE, MI PAPA, NACIDO

EN EL ANO 1931, EL PRIMER ANO

-DE LA DICTADURA DE DERECHAS-

DE RAFAEL LEONIDAS TRUJILLO MOLINA)

CASUALMENTE, MI PAPA...

ES DECIR QUE:

1. YO NO EXISTIRIA...

-JAMAS HABRIA LLEGADO A LA VIDA....-

TU ME COMPRENDES, QUE :

JODIDA, ES LA GENETICA,

COMO CIENCIA EXACTA?

-----------

PERO TAMPOCO HABRIAN:

 NACIDO MIS HIJOS E HIJAS...

1. JOE LUIS SANTOS GARCIA.

2. JANNIA SANTOS GARCIA.

3. JOE DOUGLAS SANTOS FERNANDEZ.

4. ANDRES JOSE SANTOS FERNANDEZ...

------------

TAMPOCO HABRIAN PODIDO NACER:

 MIS 3 NIETOS ACTUALES...

-----------

POR ESO LAS LEYES DE LA HERENCIA,

 -EN LA FAMILIA HUMANA Y HETEROSEXUAL-

NO SON SOLO :

1. ECONOMICAS.

2. SINO BIOLOGICAS.

2,1,SEXUALES.

2.2.MEDICAS: GENETICAS...

------------

EL HOMBRE DE CIENCIA, COMO EL

ARTISTA, tiene que acostumbrarse a

vivir en un mundo LIGERAMENTE

DESORDENADO....

Thomas S. Khun (1957)

UNIVERSIDAD DE TEXAS,

ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA (EUA).

------------------

CADA GENERACION EN LA HISTORIA

DE LA HUMANIDAD, tuvo que INVENTAR

 las herramientas, que les

permitieran SOBREVIVIR.

Thomas S. Khun (1962)

LA ESTRUCTURA DE LAS

REVOLUCIONES CIENTIFICAS.

Ed. CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY

PRESS

-------------

REINVENTAR LAS HERRAMIENTAS,

en cualquier disciplina, puede ser calificado

por muchos como extravaganzza...

pero en algunos casos...

NO HAY OTRO CAMINO..

Thomas S. Khun (1962)

LA ESTTRUCTURA DE LAS

 REVOLUCIONES CIENTIFICAS.

UNIVERSIDAD DE CALIFORNIA,

 UCLA, ESTADOS UNIDOS DE

 AMERICA (EUA).

----------

EL JUEGO CAMBIO!

------------

RAFAEL PAZ FAMILIA,

SENADOR

-POR SANTO DOMINGO

 DE GUZMAN, CAPITAL

DOMINICANA-

(2020-2024).

UN CIENTIFICO Y GERENTE

 DE EXITO, DOMINICANO.

------------

DIMAS DE JESUS

SANTOS CASTILLO, ES EL

MEJOR Y MAS GRANDE:

 CIENTIFICO NUCLEAR,

-EGRESADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD

DE BARCELONA-

EN EL REINO DE ESPANA (1962-1966)

PARIDO POR SU MADRE,

 -CAMPESINA ANALFABETA-

NATURAL DE LAS LOMAS DE

PALO AMARILLO,

-SABANA IGLESIAS, NACIDA EN 1914-

DOMINICANA Y TAINA...

ELENA CASTILLO DE SANTOS,

1.CIBAENA.

2.SANTIAGUERA....

3. DOMINICANA....

PERO DIMAS SANTOS CASTILLO,

ES PEQUENITO...

1. CON TODOS SU LOGROS CIENTIFICOS.

2. CON SUS 175 RECONOCIMIENTOS :

2.1.CIENTIFICOS,

2.2.SOCIALES,

2.3. EN LA INDUSTRIA

RADIOLOGICA DOMINICANA,

2.4.HUMANOS,

2.5.COMO FILANTROPO DOMINICANO..

SI SE LE COMPARA CON EL ;

-INMENSO CIENTIFICO AUTODIDACTA-

HOMESHOOLER, EN CIENCIAS TICs:

MAESTRO TEO VERAS LOPEZ,(1950-2018):

 EL MAS GRANDE CIENTIFICO

1. MULTITASKING

2. TICs,

que ha parido MUJER O NINA, DOMINICANA,

-desde el ano 3,500 antes de CRISTO-,

EN:

 LA ISLA HISPANIOLA.

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV.

----------

CO-FOUNDER, CO-DEVELOPER,

PROJECT OWNER:

CULTURAL CENTER FOR

 AUDIOVISUAL EXCHANGE,

NON PROFIT FOUNDATION,

CCIAV, CC4AVE.

GLOBAL VOLUNTEERING SCHOOL.

TALENTS, CRITICISM, FRIENDSHIP!

SALUT, POLIS, ECUMENE!

(1959-2019)
----------

CO-FOUNDER, CO-DEVELOPER,

PROJECT OWNER:

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, WEST INDIES,

BI-PERSONAL CAREER & GLOBAL ADVISORS.

TALENTS, CRITICISM,FRIENDSHIP!

SALUT, POLIS, ECUMENE!

(1959-2019).

-------------
SI YO NO VEO la liberacion

de este pueblo dominicano

y MUERO, se que se liberara

con MIS IDEAS...

PATRICIO & PROCER,

- ANTROPOLOGO, HISTORIADOR

Y ECONOMISTA, CAMPESINO-

HOMESHOOLER AUTODIDACTA,

PROFESOR

JUAN EMILIO BOSCH GAVINO (1976).

----------

1.POR QUE LA VIDA EN TODA LA

TIERRA, solo es y puede

ser HOY-AQUI Y AHORA?

---------

2.COMO SABER QUE YA UD.

es un viejo o una vieja DOMINICANA,

o que tiene 40 anos de edad

y mas, por TANTO TIENE QUE