Our Familiar and Institutional Contribution for Dominican Republic Council for Economy and Health : POR QUE UD. NO SABE QUE: LA ORGANIZACION INTERNACIONAL DEL TRABAJO, ES LA QUE CREA: 1. LA CLASIFICACION INTERNACIONAL DE LAS RAMAS DE ACTIVIDAD DEL : TRABAJO HUMANO, en el ano 1923. EN SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA: CAZA. PESCA. AGRICULTURA. GANADERIA. SILVICULTURA. FLORICULTURA. ZOOTECNIA. VIDA SILVESTRE... SECTOR SECUNDARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA COMERCIO. SECTOR TERCIARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA INDUSTRIA & SERVICIOS... PORQUE NO ASISTIO A UNA UNIVERSIDAD DOMINICANA O EXTRANJERA, donde se le: EXPIDIERA EL TITULO UNIVERSITARIO DE: CIENTIFICO IUS LABORALISTA, ABOGADO LABORALISTA... SI TUVIERA UN TITULO DE : ABOGADO LABORALISTA SUPIERA: LAS PALABRAS MAGICAS DE UNA ECONOMIA: 1. TRABAJO. 2. EMPLEO. 3. ECONOMIA NARANJA. 4. EXPORTACIONES. 5. SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA. 6. POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE: ACTIVA. 7. AHORRO. 8. MICRO-ECONOMIA. 9. INVERSION. 10 RENTAS. 11. SISTEMA FINANCIERO O BANCARIO. 12. OCIO. 13. VACACIONES PAGADAS. 14. TURISMO. 15. INDUSTRIA. PERO AUNQUE NO FUERA ABOGADO IUS LABORALISTA ... SI DESDE SUS 15 ANOS DE EDAD, SE: HUBIERA BUSCADO UN EMPLEO O EMPRENDIDO UN NEGOCIO, UNA MYPIME TAMBIEN CONOCIERA: ESAS PALABRAS, COKMO SUS : DERECHOS. EN LA POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE PRODUCTIVA: ENTRE LOS 15 ANOS DE EDAD & LOS 65 ANOS DE EDAD, EN LA SOCIEDAD DOMINICANA, EN LA CULTURA DOMINICANA, EN LA CIVILIZACION DOMINICANA, EN LA : ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA, DE LA NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents,Criticism,Friendship! Salud, Polis, Ecuene! (1959-2019) SI UD. HUBIERA TRABAJADO ALGUNA VEZ EN LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA, seria de los MILES QUE APLAUDEN LA: 1. FUNDACION DEL BANCO: BANCA SOLIDARIA. 2. BANCO DOMINICANO PARA PROMOCION & FOMENTO DE LAS EXPORTACIONES DE A NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA EN TIEMPO RECORD: 2012-2019. 1. PARA QUE HAYA: MENOS DELINCUENTES EN LAS CALLES. 2. PARA QUE HAYA MENOS VAGOS, MENOS LACRAS, MENOS PARASITOS SOCIALES EN LAS CALLES DOMINICANAS... 3. PARA QUE CUANDO UD. VAYA POR ELLAS, CON SU MUJER & SUS NINOS & NINAS, DOMINICANOS... 1. NO LE HAGAN PASAR UN SUSTO! 2. NO LE ARRANQUEN LA VIDA! Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019) ---------------- UN DIA COMO HOY: MUERE: 1. INGENIERO, PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, 2.CIENTIFICO TICs, 3. de REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. --------- QUE FUE : RAHINTEL, COMO PRIMER: PROYECTO DE: 1.ORIGINALIDAD, 2.INNOVACION & 3. COMPETITIVIDAD, PRIVADA DE : REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, fudado en SANTO DOMINGO DE GUZMAN, EN 1957? ------ RAHINTEL. ------------- Rahintel. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ----- Find sources: "Rahintel" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message). RADIO HIN, TELEVISION... DONDE NUESTRA GENERACION CONOCIO EL TRABAJO FUNDACIONAL DEL LOCUTOR DOMINICANO: TEO VERAS LOPEZ (1950-2018). ----------- Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión). ------------ Rahintel logo, Dominican Republic, 1990s.jpg LANZAMIENTO: 28 FEBRERO, 1959. Launched 28 February 1959. CIERRE: 4 ABRIL, 1999. Closed 4 April 1999/ PROPIETARIO: GRUPO FINANCIERO UNIVERSAL. Owned by Grupo Financiero Universal Picture format 480i (SDTV 4:3) SLOGAN o IDENTIDAD CORPORATIVA: GENTE QUE SABE, HACER TELEVISION. Slogan Gente que sabe hacer televisión (People who know how to make television) Country Dominican Republic IDIOMA DE LAS TRANSMISIONES: LENGUA ESPANOLA O CASTELLANA. Language Spanish COBERTURA: NACIONAL, TODA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. Broadcast area Dominican Republic. SUBSIDIARIAS: CANAL 7 CIBAO. Affiliates Canal 7 Cibao Headquarters Santo Domingo REEMPLAZADO POR: ANTENA LATINA. Replaced by Antena Latina Sister channel(s) Canal 7 Cibao. SISTEMA DE NETWORK: 1. TERRESTRE. 2. OPEN NETWORK. Availability Terrestrial. CANAL DE VHF: VHF Channel 7 (Santo Domingo). RAHINTEL FUE EL : 1.PRIMER CANAL PRIVADO 2.DE TELEVISION Rahintel was the first privately owned television network in the Dominican Republic Y EL SEGUNDO, EN TERMINOS GENERALES: DESPUES DE LA VOZ DOMINICANA and the second such network to start television broadcasts in the DR after La Voz Dominicana. It was owned and operated by Grupo Financiero Universal LA QUIEBRA OBLIGO A VENDER EL : 1.CANAL... 2. EN LOS ANOS 80s. until the latter's bankruptcy in the late-1980s and was headquartered in Santo Domingo. Contents 1 Founding and early years 2 Growth and expansion 3 Golden Age 4 Decline, reboost and shutdown 5 References EL VALOR DE: INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, COMO: 1. INNOVADOR INGENIERIL: EN CIENCIAS TICs. 2. PIONERO EN LA INDUSTRIA -TELEVISUAL O TELASTICA- TELECOMUNICACIONL PRIVADA: DOMINICANA. ------- Founding and early years The channel's origins are traced as far back as 1959. Pedro Bonilla, INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA: 1. PRIMERO FUE HOMBRE DE LA ; RADIO -HIN, LA MISMA FIERA- DOMINICANA. 2. UN INDUSTRIAL: RADIODIFUSOR. owner of Radio HIN, expressed the will to launch a private television station and launches Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión) on February 28, 1959 in a shop located near the grounds of the Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World, which had recently opened at the time. PARA QUE FUNDO: ING. PEDRO PABLO BONILLA 1.UN CANAL DE TELEVISION, 2.EN 1959? 1. CONTRIBUIR A LA EDUCACION. 2. DE TODA LA POBLACION DOMINICANA. 3. PONER LA NUEVA FRECUENCIA: 3.1. AL SERVICIO. 3.1.1. DE TODOS LOS ACTORES & ACTRICES: ECONOMICOS EN REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. 3.1.2. AL SERVICIO DE TODOS LOS: SECTORES INDUSTRIALES DOMINICANOS. The initial purpose of the creator and, therefore, of the TV company in general were, initially, to contribute to the education of the population and to serve the economic and industrial sectors as a vehicle for promoting their products. ARTISTICAMENTE, RAHINTEL FUE: 1. UN POCO MAS LIBERAL. 2. QUE LA VOZ DOMINICANA. Artistically, Rahintel was a little more liberal in contrast to La Voz Dominicana (the current 4RD). EN PRINCIPIO DON PETAN TRUJILLO, NO SE SINTIO COMODO, CON ESTE 1. NUEVO COMPETIDOR. 2. PRIVADO. PORQUE PROYECTO UN ESPIRITU: 1.ARTISITICO. 2. JUVENIL. 3.EXPERIMENTAL. However, this climate of artistic freedom that opened in Rahintel bothered Jose Arismendy Trujillo (Petan), director of La Voz Dominicana (and brother of tyrant Rafael Leonidas Trujillo). But Petán couldn't remove the plant - or even acquire it - 1.LA EMISORA DE TELEVISION PRIVADA DOMINICANA: 2.SOLO PUDO ABRIRSE EN EL ANO 1959, 2.1. PORQUE EXISTIAN UNOS VINCULOS: -GERENCIALES, FINANCIEROS, CORPORATIVOS- CON LA FAMILIA TRUJILLO. ADEMAS DE AMISTAD, entre: 1.RAMFIS TRUJILLO. 2. DON PEPE BONILLA. given the links between Pepe Bonilla and Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Martinez (Ramfis). LOS NINOS DE MI GENERACION... LAS NINAS DE MI GENERACION... NACIDOS DESPUESDE 1960... 1.CRECIMOS DELEITANDONOS CON: LA HORA DEL MORO. Because of that, shows liike "La hora del moro" (Hour of the Chow) were created, which opened the doors to many young artists who tested their talents. PERO NO LO DIRIGIA UN CUALQUIERA: MAESTRO RAFAEL SOLANO, es un clasico VIVO EN LA ECONOMIA NARANJA, EN LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA DOMINICANA. This program was run by the Dominican musician Rafael Solano and he gave the start of the careers of singers such as Nini Cáffaro. POR TELEVISION ES 1.LA UNICA MANERA EN QUE: 2. HE VISTO A NINI CAFFARO. At this time, coverage was limited to the capital and some nearby towns and their programming only ran from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM and, on rare occasions, until 11. In addition to live programs, its programming consisted of American series and comedies. PARA ESA EPOCA, LOS CANALES : 1. DOMINICANOS. 2. CERRABAN A LAS 12 DE LA NOCHE. CON UNOS MENSAJES QUE DECIAN: 1. PADRE. 2. SON LAS 10 DE LA NOCHE. 3. SABES, DONDE ESTAN TUS HIJOS? Growth and expansion Several years later, in 1966, their coverage extended into the country via channels 7 and 11 and its signal was extended to the north and northwest. Notably, in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, Rahintel operated on channel 11. However, they managed to create another frequency to transmit channel 7 in Santiago. This channel was known as Canal 7 Cibao. RAHINTEL HIZO LA PRIMERA : 1. TRANSMISION : SATELITAL. 2. DE LA HISTORIA : DOMINICANA. During the decade, Rahintel made their first satellite transmission, becoming the first channel of the Dominican Republic to do it.[1] Golden Age In 1983, Pedro Bonilla sold the TV station to Grupo Financiero Universal, controlled at the time by Leonel Almonte, who would expand the plant and their television programming, along with Milton Peláez, who launched offers to several shows on Color Visión. The episode of the "war of the ballots" had begun. Rahintel logo upon being acquired by Grupo Financiero Universal At the time, Rahintel won this "war" and managed to move several famous and competitive programs to the channel, having also included cartoons and anime like Force Five, Candy Candy, Thundercats, among others. In the late 80s, Grupo Financiero Universal collapses and several of their acquired artists and shows leave the channel. However, Rahintel continued broadcasting normally, still airing animated shows with good ratings. Decline, reboost and shutdown In the early 90s, a program called "Sabadíssimo" was created and was led by José Guillermo Sued but was later removed from the schedule. Telenovelas like Mari Amor and shows like Mission: Impossible, Tarzan, MacGyver, Freddy's Nightmares and other popular shows like Nubeluz were also transmitted. By the very end of the decade, Rahintel in decline. Still, ratings surprisingly increased with reruns of Candy Candy, and managed to obtain the rights to broadcast Tigres de Licey and Leones del Escogido matches for the 1998-1999 Dominican basecall season. These two teams came to compete for the championship that season and all occurrences of that final series were transmitted by channel 7. However, despite the transmission of the matches gave them an increase in ratings, their fate was sealed. After 40 years of operations, Rahintel silently shuts down in April 1999. The frequency was sold for a sum of $15.000.000 to Grupo Mercasid, who, in October, launched a new channel, Antena Latina. References: EXPOSITO, ELSA: Expósito, Elsa (2009). "TV DOMINICANA SE INICIA EN 1952 PETAN TRUJILLO FUE EL PIONERO" TV dominicana se inicia en 1952; Petán Trujillo fue el pionero". A Primera Plana. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2016. Categories: Television channels and stations established in 1959Television channels and stations disestablished in 1999Spanish-language television stations Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Español Edit links This page was last edited on 4 October 2019, at 12:39 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view --------- POR QUE EN TERMINOS DE LA : 1. ECONOMIA NARANJA. 2. DE LA NUEVA ECONOMIA. 3. DE LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA, se consideran: LOS COMPONENTES DEL GASTO EN COMIDA DEL TURISTA, COMO EXPORTACIONES IN SITU, SI TALES: 1. FRUTAS. 2. VEGETALES. 3. CARNES. 4. JUGOS. 5. ARROCES. 6. HABICHUELAS. 7. CONDIMENTOS... LOS ELEMENTOS DE LA GASTRONOMIA O DE LA COCINA, INCLUYENDO LAS; RECTAS DE COCINA,son de: 1. PRODUCCION. 2. MANUFACTURA NACIONAL, es decir: SI HAN PARTIDO DE: AGRONEGOCIOS, FINCAS, GANADERIAS, DOMINICANAS, dando : ADEMAS EMPLEO EN LA CADENA DE LOGISTICA A: 1 ESTIBDORES. 2. TRANSPORTISTAS. 3. OBREROS DOMINICANOS, 4. CAMPESINOS, AGRICULTURES, 5. GANADEROS, PASTORES DOMINICANOS, a lo largo de dicho proceso de: 1. NUEVAS CADENAS DE: VALOR AGREGADO? --------- EL TURISMO & LA EXPORTABILIDAD, IN SITU, COMO FACTOR DE CRECIMIENTO: ORGANICO DE UNA ECONOMIA SOSTENIBLE. ------ Tourism and Exports as a means of Growth By Isabel Cortés-Jiménez 1 , Manuela Pulina 2 , Carme Riera i Prunera 3 and Manuel Artis 3 1Christel DeHaan SOURCE: 1.INSTITUTO DE TURISMO & VIAJES ESCUELA DE NEGOCIOS. UNIVERSIDAD DE NOTHINGHAN. 2. UNIVERSIDAD DE SASSARI, 2.1. CENTRO CRENOS DE INVESTIGACION 2.2. D.E.I. R. Universidad Sassari. 3. DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMETRIA 3.1. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION AQR. 3.2. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION IREA, UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA. Tourism and Travel Research Institute, Nottingham University Business School. Email: Isabel.Cortés-Jiménez@nottingham.ac.uk 2CRENoS Research Centre and D.E.I.R., Università di Sassari 3 AQR Research Group – IREA. Department of Econometrics, Universitat de Barcelona Abstract: This study expands existing research POR CONSIDERARTANTO A LAS : 1. EXPORTACIONES. 2. COMO AL TURISMO, FACTORES DE INFLUENCIA POTENCIAL EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO by considering both exports and tourism as potential influencing factors for economic growth. While trade of goods has been proven as a means of growth for countries, inbound TURISMO COMO EXPORTACION: NO TRADICIONAL tourism as nontraditional exports, has been scarcely examined in the literature. OBSERVANDO EN LA LONGITUDINALIDAD CASE STUDIES: ITALIA & ESPANA (1954-2000) Using data for Italy and Spain over the period 1954-2000 and COMO 1964-2000, RESPECTIVAMENTE: AMBOS TIPOS DE EXPORTACIONES: 1. DE BIENES. 2. DE TURISMO, FUERON INCLUIDOS EN EL MISMO : MODELO. 1964-2000 respectively, both exports of goods and tourism exports are included in the same model. CON CUALES METODOLOGIAS? 1. COINTEGRACION STANDARD. Standard cointegration 2. GRANGER CASUALITY. and Granger causality techniques are applied. QUE ARROJARON ESTOS RESULTADOS EN AMBOS ESTUDIOS LONGITUDINALES? The main results reveal the significance of both exports and tourism towards 1. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO A LARGO: PLAZO. 2. CON ALGUNAS MODALIZACIONES O PECULIARIDADE, EN CADA CASO. longterm growth with some peculiarities for each country. . Key words: Tourism, ELG Hypothesis, TLG Hypothesis, Trade, Growth. . JEL codes: L83, C32, O49. . Acknowledgments. Carme Riera i Prunera acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Programa Nacional de I+D+I, ECO2008-05314/ECON. 2 1. INTRODUCTION. HACE POCO TIEMPO, EN ANOS RECIENTES... In recent years EXISTE UN CRECIENTE INTERES, HA SURGIDO UN CRECIENTE INTERES there has been an upsurge of interest POR AVERIGUAR QUE ROLE, QUE PITO TOCA... 1. EL TURISMO EN EL CRECIMIENTO: ECONOMICO. 2. EN LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTANTADOS O NO INDUSTRIALIZADOS... FOCALIZANDO LA ATENCION EN: 1. POLITICAS ECONOMICAS. 2. PROMOTORAS DE LA CAPTACION DE: TURISMO INTERNAICIONAL. in the role of tourism for growth. Developing countries focus on economic policies to promote international tourism 1. COMO FUENTE POTENCIAL DE: CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. as a potential source of economic growth. DE CUALQUER MODO, NUESTRO ENTENDIMIENTO, NUESTRA COMPRENSION However, our understanding SOBRE LAS CORRELACIONES, ENTRE: 1. EXPORTACIONES TRADICIONALES. 2. TURISMO. 3. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. of the relationship between traditional exports, tourism and economic growth TODAVIA ESTA : EN PROCESO... ES UN TERRITORIO DE INVESTIGACION: 1. NUEVO. 2. DE NATURALEZA : EXPLORATORIA. is still ongoing. The debate on whether or not countries should promote their tourism sector to achieve long-run economic growth IS A NOVEL ISSUE. is a novel issue. Until recently, MUCHA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTIFICA (ECONOMICA) SE HA ENFOCADO EN: BASICAMENTE, EN LOS BIENES O PRODUCTOS DEL SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA: 1. CAZA. 2. PESCA. 3. AGRICULTURA. 4. GANADERIA. 5. SILVICULTURA. 6. AGROFORESTERIA, COMO: PRODUCTOS DE EXPORTACION. LO MISMO QUE EN EL SECTOR: MAQUILA O MANUFACTURERO... -CASO CORPORACION DE ZONAS FRANCAS DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA (1970-2019). much of the literature focussed on primary and manufactured product exports, PERO LOS AUTORES 7 AUTORAS, EN LA LITERATURA ESPECIALIZADA, HAN CREADO DISTINCIONES, MODALIZACIONES EN CADA UNA DE LAS CATEGORIAS... 1. EN SUS EFECTOS. 2. EN SUS IMPACTOS. EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. with authors generally asserting that each category has different effects on growth. SE HA INCREMENTADO LA ATENCION O EL FOCO, DELIMITADO DE LOS ESTUDIOS A: 1. PRODUCTOS DISTINTOS... 1.1. NO MANUFACTURADOS: PRIMARIOS. 1.2. PERO QUE PERTENECEN A UNA: SUB-ESPECIE O SUB-CATEGORIA DE: PRODUCTOS: EN EL RUBRO, RAMA DE ACTIVIDAD: SERVICIOS. However, increasing attention is being paid to the exports of a quite different type of product, which is neither primary nor manufactured, but belongs to the so far neglected category of services. EN ESE SENTIDO: 1. EL TURISMO INTERNACIONAL. 2. PUEDE SER CONSIDERADO: UNA EXPORTACION, EN EL SENTIDO NO TRADICIONAL, DESDE EL MOMENTO EN QUE: 1. IMPLICA. 2. SER FUENTE DE: A. RECEPCION DE CONSUMIDORES. B. FUENTE DE RECEPCION MASIVA DE PERSONAS QUE NO : TRABAJAN, NI PRODUCEN DINERO EN ESE PAIS (Lo visitan por 90 dias o menos) portando DINERO, QUE TIENEN QUE: DECLARAR: 1. EN EL PUERTO. 2. AEROPUERTO. PARA GASTAR EN TAL ECONOMIA... (SOCIEDAD: HUESPED)... CON ESE DINERO, PROPIEDAD DEL: 1. CRUCERISTA. 2. VACACIONISTA. 3. TURISTA... NADA DE LO QUE EL HAGA EN TAL PAIS; EN TAL ECONOMIA, SERA UN FAVOR... 1. EL HA VENIDO A GASTAR SUS : AHORROS. 2. DESPUES DE UN ANO TRABAJANDO: DURA & HONESTAMENTE, EN SU PAIS DE ORIGEN O DONDE: 1. ESTUDIA, EN LA ESCUELA. 2. ESTUDIA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD. 3. TIENE UN : EMPLEO O ACTIVIDAD ECONOMICA: 1. LICITA O LEGAL, EN SU PAIS. 2. QUE LE OTORGA COMO TODOS LOS PAISES MIEMBROS DE OIT: VACACIONES PAGADAS... 2.1. PARA QUE SOLO O SOLA. 2.2. CON AMIGOS O AMIGAS. 2.3. CON SUS NINOS O NINAS. 2.4. CON SU ESPOSA O ESPOSO. 2.5. CON SU FAMILIA: GASTE TODO EL DINERO 1.QUE LES DE LA GANA ... 2.EN ESOS 90 DIAS... 3.HACIENDO TODO LO QUE LES DE LA GANA: 4.SI ESTA DENTRO DE LAS LEYES & LA CONSTITUCION, DEL PAIS AL CUAL LLEGAN COMO: TURISTAS.... ----------- EN EL CASO DOMINICANO: 1. NO MATRIMONIOS INFANTILES. 2. NO VENTA, DISTRIBUCION, NI CONSUMO DE DROGAS NARCOTICAS... 3. NO PEDOFIILIA... 4. NO PRODUCCION DE VIDEOS O CINE PORNO.... ----------------- In this respect, international tourism might be considered as an export in a non-traditional way since it implies a source of receipts and consumption in situ. EN EL ULTIMO SIGLO, EN EL NUEVO MILENIO The last century and the new millennium HEMOS SIDO TESTIGOS DEL INCREMENTO DE LOS FLUJOS TURISTICOS : MUNDIALES. have witnessed the prominent increase of tourism. EL VOLUMEN PRODUCIDO POR LA: ECONOMIA TURISTICA EN 1950: MOVIA O RECEPCIONABA A PENAS: 2 BILLONES DE DOLARES DE LOS EEUU. MIENTRAS QUE PARA EL ANO: 2006, SE LANZO POR LA FRIOLERA DE: 735 BILLONES DE DOLARES DE EEUU. In 1950, the number of international tourism receipts was 2 billion US dollar while in 2006 it was 735 billion. EN TODO EL MUNDO LAS LLEGADAS DE: TURISTAS A PENAS ERA: 25 MILLONES DE SERES HUMANOS, EN EL ANO 1950. International tourist arrivals have risen from 25 million in 1950 PERO SEGUN LA ORGANIZACION ESPECIALIZADA EN EL TURISMO MUNDIAL, TAL CIFRA, ALCANZO EN EL ANO : 2008, NADA MAS Y NADA MENOS QUE: 924 MILLONES DE PERSONAS. to 924 million in 2008 (UNWTO 2009). LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA PRODUCE EN TODO EL MUNDO: 300 MILLONES DE: 1. EMPLEOS DIRECTOS. 2. EMPLEOS INDIRECTOS. According to the same source, tourism is responsible for 300 million direct and indirect jobs PERO ADEMAS REPRESENTA EL: 13% DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) global o del planeta tierra and represents 13% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The preceding figures would increase markedly if domestic tourism too was taken into account . PERO NO ES SOLO ESO LO QUE HACE; 1. EL TURISMO POR LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL. 2. TIENE OTROS IMPACTOS O EFECTOS ECONOMICOS, en el caso de la ECONOMIA DOMINICANA EN LAS DE: 80 SECTORES O SUB-SECTORES DE LOS DESARROLLOS DE COMPLEJOS O PROYECTOS TURISTICOS. 1. DESDE LA ARQUITECTURA & EL URBANISMO 2. HASTA EL PAISAJISMO & LA JARDINERIA. Tourism has important multiplier effects in other economic sectors, for instance, 1. AYUDANDO A NIVEL MACRO: A ALIVIAR LOS DEFICITS DE: LA BALAZA DE PAGOS. it may help to alleviate deficits in the balance of payments, 2. INCREMENTANDO LOS VOLUMENES DE LAS RESERVAS DEL : BANCO CENTRAL, DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA to increase exchange reserves 3. CREANDO UNOS FLUJOS ESTABLES: 1. IMPUESTOS. 2. TRIBUTOS, PARA CADA MUNICIPALIDAD O AYUNTAMIENTO. and to generate tax earnings. SE HA CONVERTIDO EN UN LUGAR COMUN: 1. LA CREENCIA DE UE TURISMO, puede: JUGAR UN ROLE, ESENCIAL, FUNDAMENTAL 2. EN EL CASO CONCRETO DE LOS : PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS O MENOS INSTRIALIZADOS DEL MUNDO... ACELERNADO: 1. SU DESARROLLO HUMANO. 2. SU DESARROLLO ECONOMICO... DESDE UN NUEVO RITMO DE CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO, POR LA INYECCION DE: TALES CONSUMOS DEL DOLAR & DEL EURO, TURISTICO. There is an increasing and widely accepted belief that tourism can play a fundamental role for developing countries to achieve economic growth and development. ESTE HECHO ESTA FUERTEMENTE RESPALDADO... This fact is strongly supported by international organizations such as UNWTO and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). UNCTAD EN 2004... For instance, the United Nations conference on Trade and Development held in 2004 declared that for many developing countries, particularly least developed countries Y LAS ISLAS PEQUENAS... and small islands, 1. TURISMO ES UNA DE 1.1.LAS POCAS SOSTENIBLES & VIABLES tourism constitutes one of a few viable 1.2.OPCIONES CONFIABLES DE: DESARROLLO INTEGRAL development options 3. CONVIRTIENDOSE EN LA PRINCIPAL FUENTE DE CAPTACION DE: MONEDAS DURAS O CONVERTIBLES. and it is often the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Subsequently, national governments of 3 emerging countries apply policies in favour of tourism expansion under the argument that tourism does not only draw upon the resources of the national economy and could be a promoting tool to economic growth, PERO TAMBIEN ESTIMULA: 1. EL CRECIMIIENTO 2.DE OTROS SECTORES ECONOMICOS, ENTRE ELLOS ... LAS MYPIMES... but it also stimulates the growth of other economic sectors via multiplier and spill-over effects. It seems reasonable to reckon that the defence of the tourism role within the national economy stems from the observation of successful experiences; that is, countries that became economically developed and experienced an expansion of international tourism. Interestingly, EN EL RANKING MUNDIAL DE DESTINOS TURISTICOS, de la UNWTO: 1. LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS. 2. MENOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS. 3. OCUPAN LA POSICION DE: LIDERAZGO MUNDIAL. while the ranking of top tourism destinations worldwide provided by the UNWTO shows that the first positions are occupied essentially by developed countries, the ranking of the top emerging tourism destinations (which have a growth rate of international tourist arrivals above the world average and an increase of at least 100,000 arrivals per year) CONTIENE MAYORMENTE: PAISES EN VIAS DE DESARROLLO O DE DESARROLLO 1. TARDO -CAPITALISTA. 2. TARDO-INDUSTRIALIZACION. contains mostly developing countries. This picture suggests that emerging countries are probably trying to imitate other known experiences. As Sinclair (1998) pointed out, it is important to take into account previous successful models of tourism and economic growth, COMO LE MODELO ESPENOL... 1. NO PUEDE SER: CALCADO O COPIADO ACRITICAMENTE... 2. Tiene que ser DOMINICANIZADO, APLATANADO... as the Spanish one, though the model should not be copied exactly, DE CONFORMIDADCON LAS: 1. CARACTERISTICAS: CONCRTETAS, ESPECIFICAS. 2. DE CADA PAIS .but suited to the economic characteristics of every country. The field of research focused on the relationship between tourism and economic growth is still in development. Nowadays, there are two generally accepted methodologies that can be applied to estimate the impact of tourism on GDP: the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. Encouraged by the UNWTO and the WTTC, many countries use a TSA to quantify the contribution of tourism and travelling to different sectors of the economy. As Blake et al. (2006) underline, TSAs provide an ideal basis for CGE models that can examine the analytical and policy-related questions that the more descriptive TSA are not designed to answer. The first tool, TSA, is commonly employed by international organizations such as WTTC and national governments, whilst the second tool, the CGE model, has received much attention in specialised tourism literature. However, scarce attention has been paid to the long-run relationship between tourism expansion and economic growth to date, and particularly to the econometric testing of these assumptions. Considering the great contribution of the tourism industry to the world economy, the research in this field may be of significant importance. In particular, the investigation of the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the long term, demonstrating theoretical assumptions and encompassing all types of tourism – domestic and inbound tourism – at a national and 4 regional level of analysis, can provide crucial information for policy formulations and strategic planning by the government, as well as tourism businesses. LA NATURALEZA DINAMICA DEL TURISMO... The dynamic nature of tourism as well as its potential role as a tool to achieve economic development calls for updated research to improve our understanding of its practical implications. To this respect, in the tourism literature, there are two main streams of thought stemming from the so-called Export-Led Growth (ELG) hypothesis. On the one side, Nowak et al. (2007) argue that economic growth can be achieved via increases in the volume of inputs. This economic relationship is known as Tourism Capital Imports to Growth (TKIG). The TKIG hypothesis has been empirically supported for the case of Spain (Nowak et al. 2007), confirming that economic development and industrialisation in Spain were achieved since the early Sixties through imports of capital goods mainly financed by tourism receipts (Sinclair and Bote Gómez 1996). On the other side, the Tourism-Led Growth (TLG) hypothesis postulates that the economic growth of countries can be generated by expanding international tourism as a non-traditional export. A comprehensive review on the TLG hypothesis is provided by Cortés-Jiménez and Pulina (2009). ----------- UN DIA COMO HOY MUERE: INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, FUNDADOR DEL CANAL DE TELEVISION DOMINICANO: RAHINTEL, en 1957. -------- QUE ES ITB. BERLIN, desde el ano: 1966? ------------ ITB Berlin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITB_Berlin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ITB ES LA BOLSA INTERNACIONAL DE: TURISMO. The ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin) IS LA FERIA DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA HOSPITALIDAD & DEL TURISMO, MAS GRANDE DEL MUNDO. is the world's largest tourism trade fair. QUIENES EN TODO EL MUNDO, ASISTEN A DICHA FERIA? 1. HOTELES. 2. BUROS DE TURISMO. 3. OPERADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA: TURISTICA. 4. PROVEEDORES DE SISTEMAS O CIENCIAS TICs. 5. LINEAS AEREAS -INCLUYENDO LAS LINEAS AEREAS: DEL GOBIERNO DE CADA PAIA O: LINEAS AEREAS: BANDERA NACIONAL- LINEAS AEREAS PRIVADAS. LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS: LOGISTICAS, POR VIA DE LA: AEROTRANSPORTACION de flujos de: PASAJEROS. 1. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE: TURISMO 2. TIEMPO PARA HACER DICHOS DESPLAZAMIENTOS: VACACIONES LABORALES. VACAIONES FAMILIARES. VACACIONES ESCOLARES VACACIONES ESTACIONALES: 1.--Semana Santa. 2.-Vacaciones & Fiestas de Navidad. 3.-Vacaciones de Verano. 4.-Vacaciones en terminos GENERALES; TURISMO SOCIAL. 5. Turismo de Negocios. 6.Turismo de Salud & Bienestar. 7. TURISMO DE: NOVIAZGO, MATRIMONIO, LUNA DE MIEL... The companies represented at the fair include hotels, tourist boards, tour operators, system providers, airlines and car rental companies. AGENCIAS DE RENTA DE VEHICUOS DE: 1. MOTOR. 2. CON CHOFER & SIN CHOFER... 3. CON GUIAS TURISTICOS O SIN GUIAS: TURISTICOS. HISTORICAMENTE desde el ano 1966: ITB, CONVOCA a todos los : 1. Stakeholders. 2. Shareholders A NIVEL MUNDIAL de este segmento de la ECONOMIA NARANAJA O DE LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA MUNDIAL, fundamentada en: 1. PERSONAS, altamente entrenadas. 2. QUE ATIENDEN, miman, apapachan a; OTRAS PERSONAS. 1. DESE LA OFERTA DE SOLUCIONES: PERSONALES, para quien salio de su casa: A GOZAR SUS VACACIONES. 1.1 SOLO. 1.2 EN PAREJA. 1.3. EN FAMILIA. 1.4. CON GRUPOS DE AMIGOS & AMIGAS. 1.5. CON COMPANEROS DE TRABAJO: De oficina. De hospital. De clinica. 1.6. PERSONAS DE TODO TIPO DE : GRUPOS DE EDAD O SEGMENTOS ETARIOS DEL MERCADO: DEMANDANTE DE PROPUESTAS & OFERTAS : INDUSTRIALES, TURISTICAS. 1. Ninos. 2. Jovenes. 3. Adultos. 4. Envejecientes. 5. Ancianos. 6. Muy ancianos. 7. CON O SIN DIVERSIDAD FUNCIOINAL, CON O SIN DISCAPACIDAD... Pero la existencia del aparato: BOEING 787 PERMITIRA POR PRIMERA VEZ EN LA HISTORIA: 1. QUE LAS PERSONAS CON ALGUNA : DISCAPACIDAD. 1.1.VIAJEN CON SU : CUIDADOR O CUIDADORA. EN EL MISMO ASIENTO. 1.2. O BIEN: RENTEN ESOS SERVICIOS DE: CUIDADO PERSONAL, EN EL DESTINO: TURISTICO... 1. REPRESNETANDO este segmento del mercado mundial... 2. UNA NUEVA FUENTE DE EMPLEOS PRODUCTIVOS DE RIQUEZA, para padres y madres de familia DOMINICANOS, 1.SIN EDUCACION FORMAL O UNIVERSITARIA SIEMPRE QUE SEPAN : 2.HABLAR INGLES. The ITB Berlin takes place annually in March at the Messe Berlin. The fair always has an official partner country, in 2018 (March 7-11) represented by the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. ITB HA LOGRADO DIVERSIFICARSE (1066-2019), construyendo EVENTOS SATELITE en SOCIEDADES, CULTURAS, CIVILIZACIONES & ECONOMIAS: ANTIQUISIMAS... COMO: 1. INDIA. 2. CHINA. 3. SINGAPUR ITB Berlin (or just ITB) has been running since 1966 and now has managed to establish satellite events in China, India and Singapore.[1]. LA LABOR DE : 1. B2B. 2.B2C desde ITB, BERLIN, apuesta al : ACERCAMIENTO DE MAYORISTAS 1. VISITANTES. 2. OPERADORES TURISTICOS. The thematically ordered market segments help visitors and exhibitors to quickly find their way through the wide product range of ITB Berlin: LA FERIA ESTA SEGMENTADA EN : EL ESPACIO FISICO, A PARTIR DE SU DISENO ARQUITECTONICO & FERAIL: ORIGINAL. 1. ATLAS MUNDIALES: GEOGRAFIA TURISTICA. Book World, 2. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE: NEGOCIOS. 3. DIAS DE VIAJES. 4. CRUCEROS. 5. TURISMO CULTURAL. 6.ACOMODACIONES ECONOMICAS. 7. MUNDO DEL TURISMO DIGITAL O E-TRAVEL. 8. TURISMO DE AVENTURA. 9. TURISMO MOVIL (CIENCIAS TICs) apoyo al USUARIO FINAL O CLIENTE POTENCIAL, demandante individual o familiar de : 1. SERVICIOS TURISTICOS. 2. MARKETING TURISTICO. 10. CENTRO DE ACOPIO DE: TALENTOS CIENTIFICOS & TECNOLOGICOS, DENTRO DE ESTA ESPECIALIDAD. 1. OPORTUNIDADES DE ENTRENAMIENTO. 2. OPORTUNIDADES PARA DESARROLLO DE CARRERAS, DENTRO DE: 2.1. LAS CIENCIAS DEL OCIO. 2.2. LAS CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE. 2.3. GESTION O ADMINISTRACION DE PROYECTOS TURISTICOS & AFINES. 11. OFERTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: CIENCIAS TICs: EN EL RENGLONN HIPER-ESPECIALIZADO DE: 1. TECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS A LOS VIAJES TURISTICOS. 2. GEOGRAFIA DIGITAL. 3. DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE. 4. DESARROLLO REGIONAL SOSTENIBLE. 5. DESARROLLO HUMANO SOSTENIBLE. 6. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBLE. 12. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES DE LA: INDUSTRIA TURISTICA. 13. EVENTOS MUNDIALES, EN EL CALENDARIO: 2020-2021, dentro de la INDUSTRIA TURISTICA GLOBAL. 14. TURISMO DE BIENESTAR: el cual se dedica a todas las actividades DENTRO & FUERA DE: MYPIMES, espacializadas con el CUIDADO PERSONAL, otra oportunidad para la : ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA & DE NEGOCIOS EN: REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. 15. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES EN : TURISMO JUVENIL (2020-2021). Business Travel Days, Cruises, Cultural Tourism, Economy Accommodation, eTravel World, Adventure & Responsible Tourism, Gay & Lesbian Travel, ITB Mobile Travel Services, Training and Employment (Career Center), Travel Technology, Trends & Events, Wellness, Youth Travel. 7,000 PERIODISTAS: ESPECIALIZADOS EN LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA, se ven cara a cara en ITB, Berlin. In 2012, about 7,000 journalists attended the ITB Berlin, of whom about PERO SOLO : 1500 PROCEDEN DEL : EXTRANJERO? 1. POR QUE? 2. PORQUE SE TRATA DE UNA : INDUSTRIA MUY COMPLEJA. 2.1. BASADA EN : INTAGIBLES. 2.2. VEASE DIRECTIVA: CONTABLE No. 38. 2.3. UNA INDUSTRIA BASADA : 100% EN EL CAPITAL HUMANO, EN EL CAPITAL SIMBOLICO, EN EL CAPITAL RELACIONAL, EN EL CAPITAL GERENCIAL, EN EL CAPITAL COMUNICACIONAL, para desde la economia naranja o la economia creativa: 1. CREAR GOODWILL. 2. FIDELIZAR AL CLIENTE. 3. MOTIVAR : LA RECOMPRA... 4. QUE EL TURISTA : REGRESE EL PROXIMO ANO : AL MISMO DESTINO, en nuestro caso: ATRAERLOS HACIA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA... 1,500 came from abroad. POR QUE SON IMPORTANTES, LOS TALENTOS PROFESIONALES, LLAMADOS: 1. FOTOGRAFOS ARTISTICOS. 2. VIDEOGRAPHERS. 3. CINEASTAS... PARA QUE TODOS ESTOS SUENOS SE: CONVIERTAN EN PLANES DE NEGOCIOS: 1. RENTABLES. 2. EXITOSOS. 3. BANCARIZABLES. 4. SOSTENIBLES? PORQUE ANTES DE VIAJAR, el turista o la turista: 1. SE INFORMA. 2. COMPRA REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS. 3. VISITA O CONSULTA A SU: AGENTE DE VIAJES. 4. VISITA: ONLINE: LAS AGENCIAS DE VIAJES. PERO ESO LO HACE : UN INDIVIDUO, UN PADRE O MADRE DE FAMILIA... EL MAYORISTA QUE ESTA INVIRTIENDO: GRANDES SUMAS DE DINERO, NO PUEDE ORIENTARSE, POR PUBLICACIONES: 1.GENERALES O PARA EL GRAN PUBLICO, 2.COMO LOS PERIODICOS. NECESITA: 1. PAGINAS WEB. ESPECIALIZADAS: EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO. 2. REVISTAS WEB : ESPECIALIZADAS EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO. CUALES SON ESAS: PUBLICACIONES ESPECIALIZADAS? 1. LAS REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: 1.1.VIAJES, 1.2.NEGOCIOS, 1.3. INVERSIONES: -INDUSTRIALES TURISTICAS- 1.3.1. EN HISTORIAS DE VIDA DE : EMPRENDEDORES TURISTICOS, CON LAS METODOLOGIAS DE: 1. MANUFACTURA, 2.DE KAYZEN, 3.DE TQM TURISTICO 4. EN BIOGRAFIAS: DE LIDERES TURISTICOS GLOBALES. 1.3.2. REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: 1.3.2.1.NEGOCIOS TURISTICOS. 1.3.2.2.FINANZAS TURISTICAS. 1.3.2.3. ESTADISTICAS GLOBALES: TRUISTICAS. 1.3.2.4.TASAS DE RETORNO. 1.3.2.5.ECONOMIA TURISTICA. 1.3.2.6.OPORTUNIDADES DE INVERSION: GLOBALES: EN LA ESPECIFICIDAD: TURISTICA. QUE ES UN PERIODISTA O UNA PERIODISTA DE VIAJES? 1. UN ESPECIALISTA, EN VIAJAR. 2. UN ESPECIALISTA: EN VIVIR EXPERIENCIAS TURISTICAS. 3. UN RECOMENDADORO RECOMENDADORA DE : DESTINOS TURISTICOS. 4. INDEPENDIENTE: ES DECIR, CREIBLE, A NIVEL MUNDIAL: PORQUE NO TIENE : CONFLICTOS DE INTERESES. 1. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE HOTELES. 2. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE TOUROPERADORES. 3. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE: GOBIERNOS.... In addition to the industry's leading trade magazines, business and DENTRO DE ESOS PERFILES ANTERIORES 94 PAISES, ENVIAN CON: 1. CONFIANZA. 2. CON FE. 3. SUS PRODUCTOS & SERVICIOS 4. PARA GENERAR TENDENCIAS & NUEVOS PRODUCTOS. travel journalists from 94 countries also report on the latest travel trends and products.[2] 11,000 STANDS O PUESTOS DE EXHIBICION SON DISPUESTOS EN ITB, BERLIN... 1. DESDE 180 PAISES. 2. ITB BERLIN, es BOLSA MUNDIAL DE TURISMO: pero como toda dferia, es un : EVENTO TURISTICO EN SI MISMO... 1. ATRAE: 170 MIL VISITANTES. 11,000 exhibitors from 180 countries welcomed 170,000 visitors, 2. PERO NO SON TURISTAS: CURIOSOS, SINO GENTE PODEROSA -CON DINERO EN EL BOLSILLO- PARA: 1. COMPRAR NUEVAS IDEAS, AL POR MAYOR. 2.EN LA ECONOMIA NARANAJA O EN LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA MAS DE 2/3 DE LOS CONVERGENTES EN TALES EXHIBICIONES: CATEGORIZADOS EN EL PERFIL DE: 1).VISITANTES DE NEGOCIOS... 2).113,000, INDIVIDUALIDADES... Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. CCIAV, CC4AVE. Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019) ---- among these, 113,000 were trade visitors.[3] References "ITB Berlin History & Information". Retrieved 29 November 2019. http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/MediaCentre/ http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/AboutITBBerlin/ITBAtAGlance/ External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to ITB Berlin. Official website Coordinates: 52°30′14″N 13°16′24″E vte Tourism Categories: Trade fairs in GermanyTraveling exhibits Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Deutsch Español Français Polski Português Русский Svenska 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 November 2019, at 08:14 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view ------------ Nearly five decades have passed since it all began – an eventful time full of important societal and political changes. This is also the time in which the tourism industry developed into one of the world’s most important economic factors – along with its leading trade show. Today, ITB Berlin is the leading trade show of the worldwide travel industry and, at the same time, the biggest travel show for the German public. A detailed history of the ITB Berlin: History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB) Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB) ------- -------- ITB, BERLIN: 8 AL 20 MARZO, 2020 -------- The worldwide travel industry and, at the same time, the biggest travel show for the German public. ------ A detailed history of the ITB Berlin: HISTORY ITB GERLIN History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB) Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB) Picture ITB Berlin History Gallery ITB, BERLIN, NACE EN EL ANO : 1966. https://www.itb-berlin.com/ITBBerlin/FactsFigures/History/ ---------------- RUSSA, Lourdes: ESTUDIO & DIAGNOSTICO DEL TURISMO DE SALUD & BIENESTAR de la REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. ------- CUANDO TERMINARON LOS PASAJES BARATOS DE AVION, VOLANDO POR: DOMINICANA DE AVIACION, A FRANKFURT, LO NUNCA VISTO 1.DESDE SU FUNDACION EN 1944. 2.PARALELO CON LA : FUNDACION DE ICAO, EN CHICAGO? PUES, tristemente, ESE CANAL AEREO DE EDUCACION : 1.SUPERIOR -DE EXCELENCIA MUNDIAL- 2.BA-RA-TA.... 3.MEDICA 4.ESPECIALIZADA... TERMINO EN EL ANO: 1995... SE DIJO QUE : DOMINICANA DE AVIACION CERRARIA SUS PUERTAS: 1. A LA JUVENTUD ESTUDIOSA, DOMINICANA ansiosa de la oportunidad educativa, de su: ESPECIALIZACION MEDICA -DE CLASE MUNDIAL- VIAJANDO A: FRANKFURT, -ALEMANIA OCCIDENTAL- 1. A COMPRAR: LIBROS & REVISTAS DE: MEDICINA ESPECIALIZADA & ACTUAL. 2. A COMPRAR EQUIPO, 2.1.TECNOLOGIA, 2.2.MEDICA. 3. A HACER INVERSIONES -EN BIENES DE CAPITAL- PARA SUS: 3.1.CLINICAS, 3.2.PARA SUS CONSULTORIOS PRIVADOS... 3.3.3PARA BRINDAR: 1. CALIDAD MUNDIAL, EN EL SERVICIO A SUS PACIENTES... 2. PARA MEJORAR LA: CALIDAD & ACTUALIDAD, DE LA OFERTA DE SALUD: PUBLICA & PRIVADA, EN: REPUBLICA DOMINICANA... DOMINICANA DE AVIACION, SE CERRO, -SUPUESTAMENTE- PARA: 1.REORGANIZAR: LA COMPANIA AEREA, 2.LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL... 3.POR UNOS MESES... 4.QUIZAS POR UNOS ANOS... PERO LO CIERTO ES, QUE NO: 1. TENEMOS YA, 1.1. VUELOS BARATOS, 1.2.PARA VIAJES DE: ESTUDIOS, HACIA 1.EUROPA, 2.DESDE 1995, CON LA : BANDERA DOMINICANA... 2. SON DE LAS IMBECILIDADES: DE LAS DOMINICANADAS... ESTABLECIENDO UN RECORD PLANETARIO... 1. ES LA UNICA LINEA AEREA: PROPIEDAD -DE UN GOBIERNO, DE UN ESTADO- QUE HA QUEBRADO - EN LA HISTORIA DE LA HUMANIDAD...- Y NO FUE PEOR, PORQUE : LLEGO LEONEL FERNANDEZ Y FUNDO: UNA AGENCIA CIENTIFICA, ESPECIALIZADA EN : CIENCIAS AERONAUTICAS, designando alli, a: LIC. JOSE TOMAS PEREZ, quien hizo la proeza de SACAR A LA ISLA O MEDIA ISLA : REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, de la categoria 4... y ASI NO SE VIERON MAS; PERJUDICADOS 1.TODOS LOS AGRICULTORES: EXPORTADORES, 2.TODOS LOS FINQUEROS: DOMINICANOS, 3.TODOS LOS GANADEROS: DOMINICANOS, 4.TODOS LOS AGRO-INDUSTRIALES: DOMINICANOS 5.TODOS LOS INDUSTRIALES: EXPORTADORES DOMINICANOS... 6.TODOS LOS FRUCTICULTORES: DOMINICANOS, 7.TODOS LOS FLORICULTORES: DOMINICANOS, 8.TODOS LOS HORTICULTORES: DOMINICANOS... ES DECIR: TODOS LOS CAMPESINOS & LAS CAMPESINAS DOMINICANOS... Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019). --------- DOMINICANA DE AVIACION. ----------- Dominicana de Aviación. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Dominicana de Aviación DominicanaAirlines-logo.JPG IATA ICAO Callsign DO DOA DOMINICANA FOUNDED. Founded 1944 INACTIVE SINCE 1995. Ceased operations 1999 (inactive since 1995) Hubs Las Américas International Airport Focus cities Miami International Airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport Destinations 19 (At time of closing) Company slogan "VOLANDO EN GRANDE" and "TU LINEA AEREA" and "LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL" and "MAS DE ORGULLO DE SER TU LINEA ES DE LO NUESTRO ALMA & BANDERA". Headquarters Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Website instagram.com/dominicanadeaviacion Compañía Dominicana de Aviación, usually shortened to Dominicana, WAS AN AIRLINE FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC was an airline from the Dominican Republic, SERVING AS FLAG CARRIER OF THE COUNTRY. Contents 1 History 2 Fleet 2.1 Livery 3 Accidents and incidents 4 References History This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Douglas DC-6B freighter of Dominicana at Miami International Airport in 1975. DOMINICANA WAS ESTABLISHED IN: 1944 Dominicana was established in 1944 IN AN EFFORT TO CREATE: 1.A NATIONAL AIRLINE. in an effort to create a national airline 2. AIMING AT THE LARGE NUMBER aiming at the large number of 3. OF DOMINICAN CITIZENS Dominican citizens 3.1. WHO EMIGRATED TO: 3.1.1.THE UNITED STATES who emigrated to the United States of America, 3.1.2. PUERTO RICO. 3.1.3. SPAIN Puerto Rico and Spain. The initial fleet consisted of Douglas DC-3 and DC-6 aircraft. DURING THE 1950s DOMINICANA LAUNCHED During the 1950s, Dominicana launched A DOMESTIC ROUTE NETWORK a domestic route network TO PLACES SUCH AS: 1. PUERTO PLATA. 2. LA ROMANA. 3. PUERTO PLATA. 4. LA ROMANA. 5. SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS. to places such as Puerto Plata, La Romana and Santiago de los Caballeros, acquiring Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando and Aviation Traders Carvair airplanes. IN THE 1960s, DOMINICANA RENEWED ITS FLEET In the 1960s, Dominicana renewed its fleet with Douglas DC-8, McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 727 jet aircraft. THE ROUTE NETWORK The route network WAS FURTHER EXPANDED was further expanded, WITH MORE DESTINATIONS with more destinations IN THE AMERICAS AND THE CARIBBEAN in the Americas and the Caribbean DURING : 1970s. during the 1970s. AT THE HEIGHT IN THE At its height in the 1980s, DOMINICANA OPERATED: BOEING 747 Dominicana operated Boeing 747 AIRCRAFT TO EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS aircraft to European destinations LIKE: 1. MADRID. 2. MILAN. 3. FRANKFURT. like Madrid, Milan, and Frankfurt. At the end of the decade, the airline's economic situation worsened due to poor management, lack of innovation or cost-cutting culture, and the heavy maintenance costs of its aging fleet. More importantly, on the revenue side, government employees also sought to fly non-revenue, given the typical patronage in the Dominican Republic with many flights full of them often displacing paying passengers. Subsequently, the fleet and network were scaled back, leaving only the original routes like New York, Miami, Caracas, and San Juan. In an effort to save on maintenance costs, Dominicana began to operate leased aircraft (mostly Boeing 727s, but also in Q1 and Q2 of 1993 an Airbus A300 from Conair). THE FINANCIAL SITUATION... The financial situation further worsened into the 1990s, which coincided with a negative customer reputation (like lost or delayed luggage as well as unreliable schedules). In 1994, now also faced with Cat1 restrictions in the US, Dominicana wet-leased a Boeing 737-300 and a Boeing 757-200 from Mexican low-cost airline TAESA. Further aircraft were wet-leased from Express One International, Atlantic Aviation and Carnival Air Lines. During Christmas of 1994, many Dominicana VFR passengers were stranded at JFK, MIA, and SJU when THE AIRLINE WAS UNABLE TO PROVIDE the airline was unable TO PROVIDE NECESSARY FUNDING to provide necessary funding to lessors for heavily-booked Christmas flights (and, overbooked for the B727 the lessors were providing, since an A300 had been expected to be wet-leased). AS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE OUTRAGE IN EARLY 1995... As a consequence of the outrage, in early 1995 THE GOVERNMENT ORF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC the government of the Dominican Republic DECIDED TO SHUT DOWN THE AIRLINE decided to shut down the airline. While the shutdown WAS ORIGINALLY ONLY PLANNED 1. AS TEMPORARY MEASURE was originally only planned as a temporary measure 2. TO GET RE-ORGANIZED THE : COMPANY. to get re-organized, the company 3. NEVER BECAME: OPERATIONAL AGAIN. never became operational again. The vice president at the time was quoted saying that "Dominicans can fly APA Internacional" which was another "local" airline that benefited handsomely from Dominicana's demise. While several attempts have been made to privatize the airline, no efforts came to fruition. American Airlines and later JetBlue dominated the market and the business case for a new Dominican flag carrier is relatively weak given the investment that would be required and the debts that would have to be honored in order to use the Dominicana name.[1] Fleet Over the years, Dominicana operated the following aircraft types:[2][3] Dominicana fleet development Aircraft Total ATL-98A 2 Boeing 707-300 3 Boeing 720 1 Boeing 727-100 5 Boeing 727-200 10 Boeing 737-400 1 Boeing 747-100 1 Boeing 757 1 Douglas DC-3 2 Douglas DC-4 5 Douglas DC-6 5 Douglas DC-8 1 McDonnell Douglas DC-9 2 McDonnell Douglas DC-10 3 (Airbus 300-400/1 Livery The most common Dominicana livery consisted of a metallic silver fuselage, with red and blue cheatlines tail painting, representing the colors in the Dominican flag. The Dominicana titles were written in black letters above the passenger windows. Accidents and incidents On 11 January 1948, a Dominicana Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registered HI-6) crashed into a mountain near Yamasá in bad weather conditions, killing all 30 passengers and two crew members on board, amongst them the baseball team of B.B.C Santiago. The aircraft had been on a scheduled flight from Barahona to Santiago de los Caballeros.[4] On 17 July 1958 at 10:16 UTC, a Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando cargo aircraft (registered HI-16) operating Dominicana Flight 402 from Ciudad Trujillo (today's Santo Domingo) to Miami crashed shortly after take-off due to an engine problem, killing the two pilots on board.[5] On 23 June 1969 at 15:42 local time, a Dominicana Aviation Traders Carvair cargo aircraft (registered HI-168), which was operating Flight 401 from Miami to Santo Domingo, crashed shortly after take-off from Miami International Airport, killing all four persons on board, as well as six people on the ground. The aircraft had suffered an engine failure during take-off run, on which the pilots were not able to react accordingly.[6][7] On 15 February 1970 at approximately 18:30 local time, a Dominicana McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (registered HI-177) crashed into the sea some 3 kilometres off Santo Domingo, killing all 97 passengers and 5 crew members on board, making it the deadliest accident in the history of the Dominican Republic until the crash of Birgenair Flight 301 in 1996. The aircraft had just departed Las Américas International Airport for a scheduled flight to San Juan, when it suffered a dual engine failure.[8] On 5 September 1993, a Dominicana Boeing 727-200 (registered HI-617CA) was destroyed in a fire at Las Américas Airport. The then 20 years old aircraft had been operating a scheduled flight from San Juan to Santo Domingo carrying 98 passengers and 7 crew members, when the cabin filled with smoke during disembarkation, which was caused by a fire due to electrical overheating. All people involved managed to leave the aircraft before it was completely engulfed by the flames.[9] References List of airlines of the Dominican Republic at airlineupdate.com Archived 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Amateur Dominicana de Aviacion Historic Fleet listing Amateur Dominicana fleet listing (newer aircraft only) at airfleets.net Dominicana 1948 crash at the Aviation Safety Network 1958 Dominicana crash at the Aviation Safety Network Dominicana Flight 402 at the Aviation Safety Network Flight 401 Official NTSB Accident Report Dominicana 1970 crash at the Aviation Safety Network Dominicana 1993 incident at the Aviation Safety Network vte Airlines of the Dominican Republic Active Aeronaves DominicanasAir CenturyAir Inter IslandflycanaSAP Air Flag of the Dominican Republic Defunct Aero Continente DominicanaAerolíneas MasAeromar Líneas Aéreas DominicanasAerovías QuisqueyanaAir DominicanaAir Santo DomingoAlas NacionalesAPA International AirCaribairCaribbean Air SignDominairDominicana de AviaciónHispaniola AirwaysLAN DominicanaPAWA DominicanaQueen AirSol Dominicana AirlinesViva AirVolAir Categories: Defunct airlines of the Dominican RepublicAirlines established in 1944Airlines disestablished in 1999Dominicana de Aviación1944 establishments in the Dominican Republic1999 dis ----

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

POR QUE UD. NO SABE QUE: LA ORGANIZACION INTERNACIONAL DEL TRABAJO, ES LA QUE CREA: 1. LA CLASIFICACION INTERNACIONAL DE LAS RAMAS DE ACTIVIDAD DEL : TRABAJO HUMANO, en el ano 1923. EN SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA: CAZA. PESCA. AGRICULTURA. GANADERIA. SILVICULTURA. FLORICULTURA. ZOOTECNIA. VIDA SILVESTRE... SECTOR SECUNDARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA COMERCIO. SECTOR TERCIARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA INDUSTRIA & SERVICIOS... PORQUE NO ASISTIO A UNA UNIVERSIDAD DOMINICANA O EXTRANJERA, donde se le: EXPIDIERA EL TITULO UNIVERSITARIO DE: CIENTIFICO IUS LABORALISTA, ABOGADO LABORALISTA... SI TUVIERA UN TITULO DE : ABOGADO LABORALISTA SUPIERA: LAS PALABRAS MAGICAS DE UNA ECONOMIA: 1. TRABAJO. 2. EMPLEO. 3. ECONOMIA NARANJA. 4. EXPORTACIONES. 5. SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA. 6. POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE: ACTIVA. 7. AHORRO. 8. MICRO-ECONOMIA. 9. INVERSION. 10 RENTAS. 11. SISTEMA FINANCIERO O BANCARIO. 12. OCIO. 13. VACACIONES PAGADAS. 14. TURISMO. 15. INDUSTRIA. PERO AUNQUE NO FUERA ABOGADO IUS LABORALISTA ... SI DESDE SUS 15 ANOS DE EDAD, SE: HUBIERA BUSCADO UN EMPLEO O EMPRENDIDO UN NEGOCIO, UNA MYPIME TAMBIEN CONOCIERA: ESAS PALABRAS, COKMO SUS : DERECHOS. EN LA POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE PRODUCTIVA: ENTRE LOS 15 ANOS DE EDAD & LOS 65 ANOS DE EDAD, EN LA SOCIEDAD DOMINICANA, EN LA CULTURA DOMINICANA, EN LA CIVILIZACION DOMINICANA, EN LA : ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA, DE LA NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents,Criticism,Friendship! Salud, Polis, Ecuene! (1959-2019) SI UD. HUBIERA TRABAJADO ALGUNA VEZ EN LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA, seria de los MILES QUE APLAUDEN LA: 1. FUNDACION DEL BANCO: BANCA SOLIDARIA. 2. BANCO DOMINICANO PARA PROMOCION & FOMENTO DE LAS EXPORTACIONES DE A NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA EN TIEMPO RECORD: 2012-2019. 1. PARA QUE HAYA: MENOS DELINCUENTES EN LAS CALLES. 2. PARA QUE HAYA MENOS VAGOS, MENOS LACRAS, MENOS PARASITOS SOCIALES EN LAS CALLES DOMINICANAS... 3. PARA QUE CUANDO UD. VAYA POR ELLAS, CON SU MUJER & SUS NINOS & NINAS, DOMINICANOS... 1. NO LE HAGAN PASAR UN SUSTO! 2. NO LE ARRANQUEN LA VIDA! Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019) ---------------- UN DIA COMO HOY: MUERE: 1. INGENIERO, PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, 2.CIENTIFICO TICs, 3. de REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. --------- QUE FUE : RAHINTEL, COMO PRIMER: PROYECTO DE: 1.ORIGINALIDAD, 2.INNOVACION & 3. COMPETITIVIDAD, PRIVADA DE : REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, fudado en SANTO DOMINGO DE GUZMAN, EN 1957? ------ RAHINTEL. ------------- Rahintel. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ----- Find sources: "Rahintel" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message). RADIO HIN, TELEVISION... DONDE NUESTRA GENERACION CONOCIO EL TRABAJO FUNDACIONAL DEL LOCUTOR DOMINICANO: TEO VERAS LOPEZ (1950-2018). ----------- Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión). ------------ Rahintel logo, Dominican Republic, 1990s.jpg LANZAMIENTO: 28 FEBRERO, 1959. Launched 28 February 1959. CIERRE: 4 ABRIL, 1999. Closed 4 April 1999/ PROPIETARIO: GRUPO FINANCIERO UNIVERSAL. Owned by Grupo Financiero Universal Picture format 480i (SDTV 4:3) SLOGAN o IDENTIDAD CORPORATIVA: GENTE QUE SABE, HACER TELEVISION. Slogan Gente que sabe hacer televisión (People who know how to make television) Country Dominican Republic IDIOMA DE LAS TRANSMISIONES: LENGUA ESPANOLA O CASTELLANA. Language Spanish COBERTURA: NACIONAL, TODA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. Broadcast area Dominican Republic. SUBSIDIARIAS: CANAL 7 CIBAO. Affiliates Canal 7 Cibao Headquarters Santo Domingo REEMPLAZADO POR: ANTENA LATINA. Replaced by Antena Latina Sister channel(s) Canal 7 Cibao. SISTEMA DE NETWORK: 1. TERRESTRE. 2. OPEN NETWORK. Availability Terrestrial. CANAL DE VHF: VHF Channel 7 (Santo Domingo). RAHINTEL FUE EL : 1.PRIMER CANAL PRIVADO 2.DE TELEVISION Rahintel was the first privately owned television network in the Dominican Republic Y EL SEGUNDO, EN TERMINOS GENERALES: DESPUES DE LA VOZ DOMINICANA and the second such network to start television broadcasts in the DR after La Voz Dominicana. It was owned and operated by Grupo Financiero Universal LA QUIEBRA OBLIGO A VENDER EL : 1.CANAL... 2. EN LOS ANOS 80s. until the latter's bankruptcy in the late-1980s and was headquartered in Santo Domingo. Contents 1 Founding and early years 2 Growth and expansion 3 Golden Age 4 Decline, reboost and shutdown 5 References EL VALOR DE: INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, COMO: 1. INNOVADOR INGENIERIL: EN CIENCIAS TICs. 2. PIONERO EN LA INDUSTRIA -TELEVISUAL O TELASTICA- TELECOMUNICACIONL PRIVADA: DOMINICANA. ------- Founding and early years The channel's origins are traced as far back as 1959. Pedro Bonilla, INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA: 1. PRIMERO FUE HOMBRE DE LA ; RADIO -HIN, LA MISMA FIERA- DOMINICANA. 2. UN INDUSTRIAL: RADIODIFUSOR. owner of Radio HIN, expressed the will to launch a private television station and launches Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión) on February 28, 1959 in a shop located near the grounds of the Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World, which had recently opened at the time. PARA QUE FUNDO: ING. PEDRO PABLO BONILLA 1.UN CANAL DE TELEVISION, 2.EN 1959? 1. CONTRIBUIR A LA EDUCACION. 2. DE TODA LA POBLACION DOMINICANA. 3. PONER LA NUEVA FRECUENCIA: 3.1. AL SERVICIO. 3.1.1. DE TODOS LOS ACTORES & ACTRICES: ECONOMICOS EN REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. 3.1.2. AL SERVICIO DE TODOS LOS: SECTORES INDUSTRIALES DOMINICANOS. The initial purpose of the creator and, therefore, of the TV company in general were, initially, to contribute to the education of the population and to serve the economic and industrial sectors as a vehicle for promoting their products. ARTISTICAMENTE, RAHINTEL FUE: 1. UN POCO MAS LIBERAL. 2. QUE LA VOZ DOMINICANA. Artistically, Rahintel was a little more liberal in contrast to La Voz Dominicana (the current 4RD). EN PRINCIPIO DON PETAN TRUJILLO, NO SE SINTIO COMODO, CON ESTE 1. NUEVO COMPETIDOR. 2. PRIVADO. PORQUE PROYECTO UN ESPIRITU: 1.ARTISITICO. 2. JUVENIL. 3.EXPERIMENTAL. However, this climate of artistic freedom that opened in Rahintel bothered Jose Arismendy Trujillo (Petan), director of La Voz Dominicana (and brother of tyrant Rafael Leonidas Trujillo). But Petán couldn't remove the plant - or even acquire it - 1.LA EMISORA DE TELEVISION PRIVADA DOMINICANA: 2.SOLO PUDO ABRIRSE EN EL ANO 1959, 2.1. PORQUE EXISTIAN UNOS VINCULOS: -GERENCIALES, FINANCIEROS, CORPORATIVOS- CON LA FAMILIA TRUJILLO. ADEMAS DE AMISTAD, entre: 1.RAMFIS TRUJILLO. 2. DON PEPE BONILLA. given the links between Pepe Bonilla and Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Martinez (Ramfis). LOS NINOS DE MI GENERACION... LAS NINAS DE MI GENERACION... NACIDOS DESPUESDE 1960... 1.CRECIMOS DELEITANDONOS CON: LA HORA DEL MORO. Because of that, shows liike "La hora del moro" (Hour of the Chow) were created, which opened the doors to many young artists who tested their talents. PERO NO LO DIRIGIA UN CUALQUIERA: MAESTRO RAFAEL SOLANO, es un clasico VIVO EN LA ECONOMIA NARANJA, EN LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA DOMINICANA. This program was run by the Dominican musician Rafael Solano and he gave the start of the careers of singers such as Nini Cáffaro. POR TELEVISION ES 1.LA UNICA MANERA EN QUE: 2. HE VISTO A NINI CAFFARO. At this time, coverage was limited to the capital and some nearby towns and their programming only ran from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM and, on rare occasions, until 11. In addition to live programs, its programming consisted of American series and comedies. PARA ESA EPOCA, LOS CANALES : 1. DOMINICANOS. 2. CERRABAN A LAS 12 DE LA NOCHE. CON UNOS MENSAJES QUE DECIAN: 1. PADRE. 2. SON LAS 10 DE LA NOCHE. 3. SABES, DONDE ESTAN TUS HIJOS? Growth and expansion Several years later, in 1966, their coverage extended into the country via channels 7 and 11 and its signal was extended to the north and northwest. Notably, in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, Rahintel operated on channel 11. However, they managed to create another frequency to transmit channel 7 in Santiago. This channel was known as Canal 7 Cibao. RAHINTEL HIZO LA PRIMERA : 1. TRANSMISION : SATELITAL. 2. DE LA HISTORIA : DOMINICANA. During the decade, Rahintel made their first satellite transmission, becoming the first channel of the Dominican Republic to do it.[1] Golden Age In 1983, Pedro Bonilla sold the TV station to Grupo Financiero Universal, controlled at the time by Leonel Almonte, who would expand the plant and their television programming, along with Milton Peláez, who launched offers to several shows on Color Visión. The episode of the "war of the ballots" had begun. Rahintel logo upon being acquired by Grupo Financiero Universal At the time, Rahintel won this "war" and managed to move several famous and competitive programs to the channel, having also included cartoons and anime like Force Five, Candy Candy, Thundercats, among others. In the late 80s, Grupo Financiero Universal collapses and several of their acquired artists and shows leave the channel. However, Rahintel continued broadcasting normally, still airing animated shows with good ratings. Decline, reboost and shutdown In the early 90s, a program called "Sabadíssimo" was created and was led by José Guillermo Sued but was later removed from the schedule. Telenovelas like Mari Amor and shows like Mission: Impossible, Tarzan, MacGyver, Freddy's Nightmares and other popular shows like Nubeluz were also transmitted. By the very end of the decade, Rahintel in decline. Still, ratings surprisingly increased with reruns of Candy Candy, and managed to obtain the rights to broadcast Tigres de Licey and Leones del Escogido matches for the 1998-1999 Dominican basecall season. These two teams came to compete for the championship that season and all occurrences of that final series were transmitted by channel 7. However, despite the transmission of the matches gave them an increase in ratings, their fate was sealed. After 40 years of operations, Rahintel silently shuts down in April 1999. The frequency was sold for a sum of $15.000.000 to Grupo Mercasid, who, in October, launched a new channel, Antena Latina. References: EXPOSITO, ELSA: Expósito, Elsa (2009). "TV DOMINICANA SE INICIA EN 1952 PETAN TRUJILLO FUE EL PIONERO" TV dominicana se inicia en 1952; Petán Trujillo fue el pionero". A Primera Plana. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2016. Categories: Television channels and stations established in 1959Television channels and stations disestablished in 1999Spanish-language television stations Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Español Edit links This page was last edited on 4 October 2019, at 12:39 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view --------- POR QUE EN TERMINOS DE LA : 1. ECONOMIA NARANJA. 2. DE LA NUEVA ECONOMIA. 3. DE LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA, se consideran: LOS COMPONENTES DEL GASTO EN COMIDA DEL TURISTA, COMO EXPORTACIONES IN SITU, SI TALES: 1. FRUTAS. 2. VEGETALES. 3. CARNES. 4. JUGOS. 5. ARROCES. 6. HABICHUELAS. 7. CONDIMENTOS... LOS ELEMENTOS DE LA GASTRONOMIA O DE LA COCINA, INCLUYENDO LAS; RECTAS DE COCINA,son de: 1. PRODUCCION. 2. MANUFACTURA NACIONAL, es decir: SI HAN PARTIDO DE: AGRONEGOCIOS, FINCAS, GANADERIAS, DOMINICANAS, dando : ADEMAS EMPLEO EN LA CADENA DE LOGISTICA A: 1 ESTIBDORES. 2. TRANSPORTISTAS. 3. OBREROS DOMINICANOS, 4. CAMPESINOS, AGRICULTURES, 5. GANADEROS, PASTORES DOMINICANOS, a lo largo de dicho proceso de: 1. NUEVAS CADENAS DE: VALOR AGREGADO? --------- EL TURISMO & LA EXPORTABILIDAD, IN SITU, COMO FACTOR DE CRECIMIENTO: ORGANICO DE UNA ECONOMIA SOSTENIBLE. ------ Tourism and Exports as a means of Growth By Isabel Cortés-Jiménez 1 , Manuela Pulina 2 , Carme Riera i Prunera 3 and Manuel Artis 3 1Christel DeHaan SOURCE: 1.INSTITUTO DE TURISMO & VIAJES ESCUELA DE NEGOCIOS. UNIVERSIDAD DE NOTHINGHAN. 2. UNIVERSIDAD DE SASSARI, 2.1. CENTRO CRENOS DE INVESTIGACION 2.2. D.E.I. R. Universidad Sassari. 3. DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMETRIA 3.1. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION AQR. 3.2. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION IREA, UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA. Tourism and Travel Research Institute, Nottingham University Business School. Email: Isabel.Cortés-Jiménez@nottingham.ac.uk 2CRENoS Research Centre and D.E.I.R., Università di Sassari 3 AQR Research Group – IREA. Department of Econometrics, Universitat de Barcelona Abstract: This study expands existing research POR CONSIDERARTANTO A LAS : 1. EXPORTACIONES. 2. COMO AL TURISMO, FACTORES DE INFLUENCIA POTENCIAL EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO by considering both exports and tourism as potential influencing factors for economic growth. While trade of goods has been proven as a means of growth for countries, inbound TURISMO COMO EXPORTACION: NO TRADICIONAL tourism as nontraditional exports, has been scarcely examined in the literature. OBSERVANDO EN LA LONGITUDINALIDAD CASE STUDIES: ITALIA & ESPANA (1954-2000) Using data for Italy and Spain over the period 1954-2000 and COMO 1964-2000, RESPECTIVAMENTE: AMBOS TIPOS DE EXPORTACIONES: 1. DE BIENES. 2. DE TURISMO, FUERON INCLUIDOS EN EL MISMO : MODELO. 1964-2000 respectively, both exports of goods and tourism exports are included in the same model. CON CUALES METODOLOGIAS? 1. COINTEGRACION STANDARD. Standard cointegration 2. GRANGER CASUALITY. and Granger causality techniques are applied. QUE ARROJARON ESTOS RESULTADOS EN AMBOS ESTUDIOS LONGITUDINALES? The main results reveal the significance of both exports and tourism towards 1. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO A LARGO: PLAZO. 2. CON ALGUNAS MODALIZACIONES O PECULIARIDADE, EN CADA CASO. longterm growth with some peculiarities for each country. . Key words: Tourism, ELG Hypothesis, TLG Hypothesis, Trade, Growth. . JEL codes: L83, C32, O49. . Acknowledgments. Carme Riera i Prunera acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Programa Nacional de I+D+I, ECO2008-05314/ECON. 2 1. INTRODUCTION. HACE POCO TIEMPO, EN ANOS RECIENTES... In recent years EXISTE UN CRECIENTE INTERES, HA SURGIDO UN CRECIENTE INTERES there has been an upsurge of interest POR AVERIGUAR QUE ROLE, QUE PITO TOCA... 1. EL TURISMO EN EL CRECIMIENTO: ECONOMICO. 2. EN LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTANTADOS O NO INDUSTRIALIZADOS... FOCALIZANDO LA ATENCION EN: 1. POLITICAS ECONOMICAS. 2. PROMOTORAS DE LA CAPTACION DE: TURISMO INTERNAICIONAL. in the role of tourism for growth. Developing countries focus on economic policies to promote international tourism 1. COMO FUENTE POTENCIAL DE: CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. as a potential source of economic growth. DE CUALQUER MODO, NUESTRO ENTENDIMIENTO, NUESTRA COMPRENSION However, our understanding SOBRE LAS CORRELACIONES, ENTRE: 1. EXPORTACIONES TRADICIONALES. 2. TURISMO. 3. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. of the relationship between traditional exports, tourism and economic growth TODAVIA ESTA : EN PROCESO... ES UN TERRITORIO DE INVESTIGACION: 1. NUEVO. 2. DE NATURALEZA : EXPLORATORIA. is still ongoing. The debate on whether or not countries should promote their tourism sector to achieve long-run economic growth IS A NOVEL ISSUE. is a novel issue. Until recently, MUCHA DE LA LITERATURA CIENTIFICA (ECONOMICA) SE HA ENFOCADO EN: BASICAMENTE, EN LOS BIENES O PRODUCTOS DEL SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA: 1. CAZA. 2. PESCA. 3. AGRICULTURA. 4. GANADERIA. 5. SILVICULTURA. 6. AGROFORESTERIA, COMO: PRODUCTOS DE EXPORTACION. LO MISMO QUE EN EL SECTOR: MAQUILA O MANUFACTURERO... -CASO CORPORACION DE ZONAS FRANCAS DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA (1970-2019). much of the literature focussed on primary and manufactured product exports, PERO LOS AUTORES 7 AUTORAS, EN LA LITERATURA ESPECIALIZADA, HAN CREADO DISTINCIONES, MODALIZACIONES EN CADA UNA DE LAS CATEGORIAS... 1. EN SUS EFECTOS. 2. EN SUS IMPACTOS. EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO. with authors generally asserting that each category has different effects on growth. SE HA INCREMENTADO LA ATENCION O EL FOCO, DELIMITADO DE LOS ESTUDIOS A: 1. PRODUCTOS DISTINTOS... 1.1. NO MANUFACTURADOS: PRIMARIOS. 1.2. PERO QUE PERTENECEN A UNA: SUB-ESPECIE O SUB-CATEGORIA DE: PRODUCTOS: EN EL RUBRO, RAMA DE ACTIVIDAD: SERVICIOS. However, increasing attention is being paid to the exports of a quite different type of product, which is neither primary nor manufactured, but belongs to the so far neglected category of services. EN ESE SENTIDO: 1. EL TURISMO INTERNACIONAL. 2. PUEDE SER CONSIDERADO: UNA EXPORTACION, EN EL SENTIDO NO TRADICIONAL, DESDE EL MOMENTO EN QUE: 1. IMPLICA. 2. SER FUENTE DE: A. RECEPCION DE CONSUMIDORES. B. FUENTE DE RECEPCION MASIVA DE PERSONAS QUE NO : TRABAJAN, NI PRODUCEN DINERO EN ESE PAIS (Lo visitan por 90 dias o menos) portando DINERO, QUE TIENEN QUE: DECLARAR: 1. EN EL PUERTO. 2. AEROPUERTO. PARA GASTAR EN TAL ECONOMIA... (SOCIEDAD: HUESPED)... CON ESE DINERO, PROPIEDAD DEL: 1. CRUCERISTA. 2. VACACIONISTA. 3. TURISTA... NADA DE LO QUE EL HAGA EN TAL PAIS; EN TAL ECONOMIA, SERA UN FAVOR... 1. EL HA VENIDO A GASTAR SUS : AHORROS. 2. DESPUES DE UN ANO TRABAJANDO: DURA & HONESTAMENTE, EN SU PAIS DE ORIGEN O DONDE: 1. ESTUDIA, EN LA ESCUELA. 2. ESTUDIA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD. 3. TIENE UN : EMPLEO O ACTIVIDAD ECONOMICA: 1. LICITA O LEGAL, EN SU PAIS. 2. QUE LE OTORGA COMO TODOS LOS PAISES MIEMBROS DE OIT: VACACIONES PAGADAS... 2.1. PARA QUE SOLO O SOLA. 2.2. CON AMIGOS O AMIGAS. 2.3. CON SUS NINOS O NINAS. 2.4. CON SU ESPOSA O ESPOSO. 2.5. CON SU FAMILIA: GASTE TODO EL DINERO 1.QUE LES DE LA GANA ... 2.EN ESOS 90 DIAS... 3.HACIENDO TODO LO QUE LES DE LA GANA: 4.SI ESTA DENTRO DE LAS LEYES & LA CONSTITUCION, DEL PAIS AL CUAL LLEGAN COMO: TURISTAS.... ----------- EN EL CASO DOMINICANO: 1. NO MATRIMONIOS INFANTILES. 2. NO VENTA, DISTRIBUCION, NI CONSUMO DE DROGAS NARCOTICAS... 3. NO PEDOFIILIA... 4. NO PRODUCCION DE VIDEOS O CINE PORNO.... ----------------- In this respect, international tourism might be considered as an export in a non-traditional way since it implies a source of receipts and consumption in situ. EN EL ULTIMO SIGLO, EN EL NUEVO MILENIO The last century and the new millennium HEMOS SIDO TESTIGOS DEL INCREMENTO DE LOS FLUJOS TURISTICOS : MUNDIALES. have witnessed the prominent increase of tourism. EL VOLUMEN PRODUCIDO POR LA: ECONOMIA TURISTICA EN 1950: MOVIA O RECEPCIONABA A PENAS: 2 BILLONES DE DOLARES DE LOS EEUU. MIENTRAS QUE PARA EL ANO: 2006, SE LANZO POR LA FRIOLERA DE: 735 BILLONES DE DOLARES DE EEUU. In 1950, the number of international tourism receipts was 2 billion US dollar while in 2006 it was 735 billion. EN TODO EL MUNDO LAS LLEGADAS DE: TURISTAS A PENAS ERA: 25 MILLONES DE SERES HUMANOS, EN EL ANO 1950. International tourist arrivals have risen from 25 million in 1950 PERO SEGUN LA ORGANIZACION ESPECIALIZADA EN EL TURISMO MUNDIAL, TAL CIFRA, ALCANZO EN EL ANO : 2008, NADA MAS Y NADA MENOS QUE: 924 MILLONES DE PERSONAS. to 924 million in 2008 (UNWTO 2009). LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA PRODUCE EN TODO EL MUNDO: 300 MILLONES DE: 1. EMPLEOS DIRECTOS. 2. EMPLEOS INDIRECTOS. According to the same source, tourism is responsible for 300 million direct and indirect jobs PERO ADEMAS REPRESENTA EL: 13% DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB) global o del planeta tierra and represents 13% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The preceding figures would increase markedly if domestic tourism too was taken into account . PERO NO ES SOLO ESO LO QUE HACE; 1. EL TURISMO POR LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL. 2. TIENE OTROS IMPACTOS O EFECTOS ECONOMICOS, en el caso de la ECONOMIA DOMINICANA EN LAS DE: 80 SECTORES O SUB-SECTORES DE LOS DESARROLLOS DE COMPLEJOS O PROYECTOS TURISTICOS. 1. DESDE LA ARQUITECTURA & EL URBANISMO 2. HASTA EL PAISAJISMO & LA JARDINERIA. Tourism has important multiplier effects in other economic sectors, for instance, 1. AYUDANDO A NIVEL MACRO: A ALIVIAR LOS DEFICITS DE: LA BALAZA DE PAGOS. it may help to alleviate deficits in the balance of payments, 2. INCREMENTANDO LOS VOLUMENES DE LAS RESERVAS DEL : BANCO CENTRAL, DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA to increase exchange reserves 3. CREANDO UNOS FLUJOS ESTABLES: 1. IMPUESTOS. 2. TRIBUTOS, PARA CADA MUNICIPALIDAD O AYUNTAMIENTO. and to generate tax earnings. SE HA CONVERTIDO EN UN LUGAR COMUN: 1. LA CREENCIA DE UE TURISMO, puede: JUGAR UN ROLE, ESENCIAL, FUNDAMENTAL 2. EN EL CASO CONCRETO DE LOS : PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS O MENOS INSTRIALIZADOS DEL MUNDO... ACELERNADO: 1. SU DESARROLLO HUMANO. 2. SU DESARROLLO ECONOMICO... DESDE UN NUEVO RITMO DE CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO, POR LA INYECCION DE: TALES CONSUMOS DEL DOLAR & DEL EURO, TURISTICO. There is an increasing and widely accepted belief that tourism can play a fundamental role for developing countries to achieve economic growth and development. ESTE HECHO ESTA FUERTEMENTE RESPALDADO... This fact is strongly supported by international organizations such as UNWTO and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). UNCTAD EN 2004... For instance, the United Nations conference on Trade and Development held in 2004 declared that for many developing countries, particularly least developed countries Y LAS ISLAS PEQUENAS... and small islands, 1. TURISMO ES UNA DE 1.1.LAS POCAS SOSTENIBLES & VIABLES tourism constitutes one of a few viable 1.2.OPCIONES CONFIABLES DE: DESARROLLO INTEGRAL development options 3. CONVIRTIENDOSE EN LA PRINCIPAL FUENTE DE CAPTACION DE: MONEDAS DURAS O CONVERTIBLES. and it is often the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Subsequently, national governments of 3 emerging countries apply policies in favour of tourism expansion under the argument that tourism does not only draw upon the resources of the national economy and could be a promoting tool to economic growth, PERO TAMBIEN ESTIMULA: 1. EL CRECIMIIENTO 2.DE OTROS SECTORES ECONOMICOS, ENTRE ELLOS ... LAS MYPIMES... but it also stimulates the growth of other economic sectors via multiplier and spill-over effects. It seems reasonable to reckon that the defence of the tourism role within the national economy stems from the observation of successful experiences; that is, countries that became economically developed and experienced an expansion of international tourism. Interestingly, EN EL RANKING MUNDIAL DE DESTINOS TURISTICOS, de la UNWTO: 1. LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS. 2. MENOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS. 3. OCUPAN LA POSICION DE: LIDERAZGO MUNDIAL. while the ranking of top tourism destinations worldwide provided by the UNWTO shows that the first positions are occupied essentially by developed countries, the ranking of the top emerging tourism destinations (which have a growth rate of international tourist arrivals above the world average and an increase of at least 100,000 arrivals per year) CONTIENE MAYORMENTE: PAISES EN VIAS DE DESARROLLO O DE DESARROLLO 1. TARDO -CAPITALISTA. 2. TARDO-INDUSTRIALIZACION. contains mostly developing countries. This picture suggests that emerging countries are probably trying to imitate other known experiences. As Sinclair (1998) pointed out, it is important to take into account previous successful models of tourism and economic growth, COMO LE MODELO ESPENOL... 1. NO PUEDE SER: CALCADO O COPIADO ACRITICAMENTE... 2. Tiene que ser DOMINICANIZADO, APLATANADO... as the Spanish one, though the model should not be copied exactly, DE CONFORMIDADCON LAS: 1. CARACTERISTICAS: CONCRTETAS, ESPECIFICAS. 2. DE CADA PAIS .but suited to the economic characteristics of every country. The field of research focused on the relationship between tourism and economic growth is still in development. Nowadays, there are two generally accepted methodologies that can be applied to estimate the impact of tourism on GDP: the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. Encouraged by the UNWTO and the WTTC, many countries use a TSA to quantify the contribution of tourism and travelling to different sectors of the economy. As Blake et al. (2006) underline, TSAs provide an ideal basis for CGE models that can examine the analytical and policy-related questions that the more descriptive TSA are not designed to answer. The first tool, TSA, is commonly employed by international organizations such as WTTC and national governments, whilst the second tool, the CGE model, has received much attention in specialised tourism literature. However, scarce attention has been paid to the long-run relationship between tourism expansion and economic growth to date, and particularly to the econometric testing of these assumptions. Considering the great contribution of the tourism industry to the world economy, the research in this field may be of significant importance. In particular, the investigation of the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the long term, demonstrating theoretical assumptions and encompassing all types of tourism – domestic and inbound tourism – at a national and 4 regional level of analysis, can provide crucial information for policy formulations and strategic planning by the government, as well as tourism businesses. LA NATURALEZA DINAMICA DEL TURISMO... The dynamic nature of tourism as well as its potential role as a tool to achieve economic development calls for updated research to improve our understanding of its practical implications. To this respect, in the tourism literature, there are two main streams of thought stemming from the so-called Export-Led Growth (ELG) hypothesis. On the one side, Nowak et al. (2007) argue that economic growth can be achieved via increases in the volume of inputs. This economic relationship is known as Tourism Capital Imports to Growth (TKIG). The TKIG hypothesis has been empirically supported for the case of Spain (Nowak et al. 2007), confirming that economic development and industrialisation in Spain were achieved since the early Sixties through imports of capital goods mainly financed by tourism receipts (Sinclair and Bote Gómez 1996). On the other side, the Tourism-Led Growth (TLG) hypothesis postulates that the economic growth of countries can be generated by expanding international tourism as a non-traditional export. A comprehensive review on the TLG hypothesis is provided by Cortés-Jiménez and Pulina (2009). ----------- UN DIA COMO HOY MUERE: INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, FUNDADOR DEL CANAL DE TELEVISION DOMINICANO: RAHINTEL, en 1957. -------- QUE ES ITB. BERLIN, desde el ano: 1966? ------------ ITB Berlin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITB_Berlin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ITB ES LA BOLSA INTERNACIONAL DE: TURISMO. The ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin) IS LA FERIA DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA HOSPITALIDAD & DEL TURISMO, MAS GRANDE DEL MUNDO. is the world's largest tourism trade fair. QUIENES EN TODO EL MUNDO, ASISTEN A DICHA FERIA? 1. HOTELES. 2. BUROS DE TURISMO. 3. OPERADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA: TURISTICA. 4. PROVEEDORES DE SISTEMAS O CIENCIAS TICs. 5. LINEAS AEREAS -INCLUYENDO LAS LINEAS AEREAS: DEL GOBIERNO DE CADA PAIA O: LINEAS AEREAS: BANDERA NACIONAL- LINEAS AEREAS PRIVADAS. LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS: LOGISTICAS, POR VIA DE LA: AEROTRANSPORTACION de flujos de: PASAJEROS. 1. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE: TURISMO 2. TIEMPO PARA HACER DICHOS DESPLAZAMIENTOS: VACACIONES LABORALES. VACAIONES FAMILIARES. VACACIONES ESCOLARES VACACIONES ESTACIONALES: 1.--Semana Santa. 2.-Vacaciones & Fiestas de Navidad. 3.-Vacaciones de Verano. 4.-Vacaciones en terminos GENERALES; TURISMO SOCIAL. 5. Turismo de Negocios. 6.Turismo de Salud & Bienestar. 7. TURISMO DE: NOVIAZGO, MATRIMONIO, LUNA DE MIEL... The companies represented at the fair include hotels, tourist boards, tour operators, system providers, airlines and car rental companies. AGENCIAS DE RENTA DE VEHICUOS DE: 1. MOTOR. 2. CON CHOFER & SIN CHOFER... 3. CON GUIAS TURISTICOS O SIN GUIAS: TURISTICOS. HISTORICAMENTE desde el ano 1966: ITB, CONVOCA a todos los : 1. Stakeholders. 2. Shareholders A NIVEL MUNDIAL de este segmento de la ECONOMIA NARANAJA O DE LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA MUNDIAL, fundamentada en: 1. PERSONAS, altamente entrenadas. 2. QUE ATIENDEN, miman, apapachan a; OTRAS PERSONAS. 1. DESE LA OFERTA DE SOLUCIONES: PERSONALES, para quien salio de su casa: A GOZAR SUS VACACIONES. 1.1 SOLO. 1.2 EN PAREJA. 1.3. EN FAMILIA. 1.4. CON GRUPOS DE AMIGOS & AMIGAS. 1.5. CON COMPANEROS DE TRABAJO: De oficina. De hospital. De clinica. 1.6. PERSONAS DE TODO TIPO DE : GRUPOS DE EDAD O SEGMENTOS ETARIOS DEL MERCADO: DEMANDANTE DE PROPUESTAS & OFERTAS : INDUSTRIALES, TURISTICAS. 1. Ninos. 2. Jovenes. 3. Adultos. 4. Envejecientes. 5. Ancianos. 6. Muy ancianos. 7. CON O SIN DIVERSIDAD FUNCIOINAL, CON O SIN DISCAPACIDAD... Pero la existencia del aparato: BOEING 787 PERMITIRA POR PRIMERA VEZ EN LA HISTORIA: 1. QUE LAS PERSONAS CON ALGUNA : DISCAPACIDAD. 1.1.VIAJEN CON SU : CUIDADOR O CUIDADORA. EN EL MISMO ASIENTO. 1.2. O BIEN: RENTEN ESOS SERVICIOS DE: CUIDADO PERSONAL, EN EL DESTINO: TURISTICO... 1. REPRESNETANDO este segmento del mercado mundial... 2. UNA NUEVA FUENTE DE EMPLEOS PRODUCTIVOS DE RIQUEZA, para padres y madres de familia DOMINICANOS, 1.SIN EDUCACION FORMAL O UNIVERSITARIA SIEMPRE QUE SEPAN : 2.HABLAR INGLES. The ITB Berlin takes place annually in March at the Messe Berlin. The fair always has an official partner country, in 2018 (March 7-11) represented by the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. ITB HA LOGRADO DIVERSIFICARSE (1066-2019), construyendo EVENTOS SATELITE en SOCIEDADES, CULTURAS, CIVILIZACIONES & ECONOMIAS: ANTIQUISIMAS... COMO: 1. INDIA. 2. CHINA. 3. SINGAPUR ITB Berlin (or just ITB) has been running since 1966 and now has managed to establish satellite events in China, India and Singapore.[1]. LA LABOR DE : 1. B2B. 2.B2C desde ITB, BERLIN, apuesta al : ACERCAMIENTO DE MAYORISTAS 1. VISITANTES. 2. OPERADORES TURISTICOS. The thematically ordered market segments help visitors and exhibitors to quickly find their way through the wide product range of ITB Berlin: LA FERIA ESTA SEGMENTADA EN : EL ESPACIO FISICO, A PARTIR DE SU DISENO ARQUITECTONICO & FERAIL: ORIGINAL. 1. ATLAS MUNDIALES: GEOGRAFIA TURISTICA. Book World, 2. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE: NEGOCIOS. 3. DIAS DE VIAJES. 4. CRUCEROS. 5. TURISMO CULTURAL. 6.ACOMODACIONES ECONOMICAS. 7. MUNDO DEL TURISMO DIGITAL O E-TRAVEL. 8. TURISMO DE AVENTURA. 9. TURISMO MOVIL (CIENCIAS TICs) apoyo al USUARIO FINAL O CLIENTE POTENCIAL, demandante individual o familiar de : 1. SERVICIOS TURISTICOS. 2. MARKETING TURISTICO. 10. CENTRO DE ACOPIO DE: TALENTOS CIENTIFICOS & TECNOLOGICOS, DENTRO DE ESTA ESPECIALIDAD. 1. OPORTUNIDADES DE ENTRENAMIENTO. 2. OPORTUNIDADES PARA DESARROLLO DE CARRERAS, DENTRO DE: 2.1. LAS CIENCIAS DEL OCIO. 2.2. LAS CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE. 2.3. GESTION O ADMINISTRACION DE PROYECTOS TURISTICOS & AFINES. 11. OFERTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: CIENCIAS TICs: EN EL RENGLONN HIPER-ESPECIALIZADO DE: 1. TECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS A LOS VIAJES TURISTICOS. 2. GEOGRAFIA DIGITAL. 3. DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE. 4. DESARROLLO REGIONAL SOSTENIBLE. 5. DESARROLLO HUMANO SOSTENIBLE. 6. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBLE. 12. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES DE LA: INDUSTRIA TURISTICA. 13. EVENTOS MUNDIALES, EN EL CALENDARIO: 2020-2021, dentro de la INDUSTRIA TURISTICA GLOBAL. 14. TURISMO DE BIENESTAR: el cual se dedica a todas las actividades DENTRO & FUERA DE: MYPIMES, espacializadas con el CUIDADO PERSONAL, otra oportunidad para la : ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA & DE NEGOCIOS EN: REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. 15. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES EN : TURISMO JUVENIL (2020-2021). Business Travel Days, Cruises, Cultural Tourism, Economy Accommodation, eTravel World, Adventure & Responsible Tourism, Gay & Lesbian Travel, ITB Mobile Travel Services, Training and Employment (Career Center), Travel Technology, Trends & Events, Wellness, Youth Travel. 7,000 PERIODISTAS: ESPECIALIZADOS EN LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA, se ven cara a cara en ITB, Berlin. In 2012, about 7,000 journalists attended the ITB Berlin, of whom about PERO SOLO : 1500 PROCEDEN DEL : EXTRANJERO? 1. POR QUE? 2. PORQUE SE TRATA DE UNA : INDUSTRIA MUY COMPLEJA. 2.1. BASADA EN : INTAGIBLES. 2.2. VEASE DIRECTIVA: CONTABLE No. 38. 2.3. UNA INDUSTRIA BASADA : 100% EN EL CAPITAL HUMANO, EN EL CAPITAL SIMBOLICO, EN EL CAPITAL RELACIONAL, EN EL CAPITAL GERENCIAL, EN EL CAPITAL COMUNICACIONAL, para desde la economia naranja o la economia creativa: 1. CREAR GOODWILL. 2. FIDELIZAR AL CLIENTE. 3. MOTIVAR : LA RECOMPRA... 4. QUE EL TURISTA : REGRESE EL PROXIMO ANO : AL MISMO DESTINO, en nuestro caso: ATRAERLOS HACIA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA... 1,500 came from abroad. POR QUE SON IMPORTANTES, LOS TALENTOS PROFESIONALES, LLAMADOS: 1. FOTOGRAFOS ARTISTICOS. 2. VIDEOGRAPHERS. 3. CINEASTAS... PARA QUE TODOS ESTOS SUENOS SE: CONVIERTAN EN PLANES DE NEGOCIOS: 1. RENTABLES. 2. EXITOSOS. 3. BANCARIZABLES. 4. SOSTENIBLES? PORQUE ANTES DE VIAJAR, el turista o la turista: 1. SE INFORMA. 2. COMPRA REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS. 3. VISITA O CONSULTA A SU: AGENTE DE VIAJES. 4. VISITA: ONLINE: LAS AGENCIAS DE VIAJES. PERO ESO LO HACE : UN INDIVIDUO, UN PADRE O MADRE DE FAMILIA... EL MAYORISTA QUE ESTA INVIRTIENDO: GRANDES SUMAS DE DINERO, NO PUEDE ORIENTARSE, POR PUBLICACIONES: 1.GENERALES O PARA EL GRAN PUBLICO, 2.COMO LOS PERIODICOS. NECESITA: 1. PAGINAS WEB. ESPECIALIZADAS: EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO. 2. REVISTAS WEB : ESPECIALIZADAS EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO. CUALES SON ESAS: PUBLICACIONES ESPECIALIZADAS? 1. LAS REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: 1.1.VIAJES, 1.2.NEGOCIOS, 1.3. INVERSIONES: -INDUSTRIALES TURISTICAS- 1.3.1. EN HISTORIAS DE VIDA DE : EMPRENDEDORES TURISTICOS, CON LAS METODOLOGIAS DE: 1. MANUFACTURA, 2.DE KAYZEN, 3.DE TQM TURISTICO 4. EN BIOGRAFIAS: DE LIDERES TURISTICOS GLOBALES. 1.3.2. REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN: 1.3.2.1.NEGOCIOS TURISTICOS. 1.3.2.2.FINANZAS TURISTICAS. 1.3.2.3. ESTADISTICAS GLOBALES: TRUISTICAS. 1.3.2.4.TASAS DE RETORNO. 1.3.2.5.ECONOMIA TURISTICA. 1.3.2.6.OPORTUNIDADES DE INVERSION: GLOBALES: EN LA ESPECIFICIDAD: TURISTICA. QUE ES UN PERIODISTA O UNA PERIODISTA DE VIAJES? 1. UN ESPECIALISTA, EN VIAJAR. 2. UN ESPECIALISTA: EN VIVIR EXPERIENCIAS TURISTICAS. 3. UN RECOMENDADORO RECOMENDADORA DE : DESTINOS TURISTICOS. 4. INDEPENDIENTE: ES DECIR, CREIBLE, A NIVEL MUNDIAL: PORQUE NO TIENE : CONFLICTOS DE INTERESES. 1. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE HOTELES. 2. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE TOUROPERADORES. 3. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE: GOBIERNOS.... In addition to the industry's leading trade magazines, business and DENTRO DE ESOS PERFILES ANTERIORES 94 PAISES, ENVIAN CON: 1. CONFIANZA. 2. CON FE. 3. SUS PRODUCTOS & SERVICIOS 4. PARA GENERAR TENDENCIAS & NUEVOS PRODUCTOS. travel journalists from 94 countries also report on the latest travel trends and products.[2] 11,000 STANDS O PUESTOS DE EXHIBICION SON DISPUESTOS EN ITB, BERLIN... 1. DESDE 180 PAISES. 2. ITB BERLIN, es BOLSA MUNDIAL DE TURISMO: pero como toda dferia, es un : EVENTO TURISTICO EN SI MISMO... 1. ATRAE: 170 MIL VISITANTES. 11,000 exhibitors from 180 countries welcomed 170,000 visitors, 2. PERO NO SON TURISTAS: CURIOSOS, SINO GENTE PODEROSA -CON DINERO EN EL BOLSILLO- PARA: 1. COMPRAR NUEVAS IDEAS, AL POR MAYOR. 2.EN LA ECONOMIA NARANAJA O EN LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA MAS DE 2/3 DE LOS CONVERGENTES EN TALES EXHIBICIONES: CATEGORIZADOS EN EL PERFIL DE: 1).VISITANTES DE NEGOCIOS... 2).113,000, INDIVIDUALIDADES... Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV. CCIAV, CC4AVE. Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019) ---- among these, 113,000 were trade visitors.[3] References "ITB Berlin History & Information". Retrieved 29 November 2019. http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/MediaCentre/ http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/AboutITBBerlin/ITBAtAGlance/ External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to ITB Berlin. Official website Coordinates: 52°30′14″N 13°16′24″E vte Tourism Categories: Trade fairs in GermanyTraveling exhibits Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Deutsch Español Français Polski Português Русский Svenska 3 more Edit links This page was last edited on 29 November 2019, at 08:14 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimersContact WikipediaDevelopersStatisticsCookie statementMobile view ------------ Nearly five decades have passed since it all began – an eventful time full of important societal and political changes. This is also the time in which the tourism industry developed into one of the world’s most important economic factors – along with its leading trade show. Today, ITB Berlin is the leading trade show of the worldwide travel industry and, at the same time, the biggest travel show for the German public. A detailed history of the ITB Berlin: History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB) Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB) ------- -------- ITB, BERLIN: 8 AL 20 MARZO, 2020 -------- The worldwide travel industry and, at the same time, the biggest travel show for the German public. ------ A detailed history of the ITB Berlin: HISTORY ITB GERLIN History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB) Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB) Picture ITB Berlin History Gallery ITB, BERLIN, NACE EN EL ANO : 1966. https://www.itb-berlin.com/ITBBerlin/FactsFigures/History/ ---------------- RUSSA, Lourdes: ESTUDIO & DIAGNOSTICO DEL TURISMO DE SALUD & BIENESTAR de la REPUBLICA DOMINICANA. ------- CUANDO TERMINARON LOS PASAJES BARATOS DE AVION, VOLANDO POR: DOMINICANA DE AVIACION, A FRANKFURT, LO NUNCA VISTO 1.DESDE SU FUNDACION EN 1944. 2.PARALELO CON LA : FUNDACION DE ICAO, EN CHICAGO? PUES, tristemente, ESE CANAL AEREO DE EDUCACION : 1.SUPERIOR -DE EXCELENCIA MUNDIAL- 2.BA-RA-TA.... 3.MEDICA 4.ESPECIALIZADA... TERMINO EN EL ANO: 1995... SE DIJO QUE : DOMINICANA DE AVIACION CERRARIA SUS PUERTAS: 1. A LA JUVENTUD ESTUDIOSA, DOMINICANA ansiosa de la oportunidad educativa, de su: ESPECIALIZACION MEDICA -DE CLASE MUNDIAL- VIAJANDO A: FRANKFURT, -ALEMANIA OCCIDENTAL- 1. A COMPRAR: LIBROS & REVISTAS DE: MEDICINA ESPECIALIZADA & ACTUAL. 2. A COMPRAR EQUIPO, 2.1.TECNOLOGIA, 2.2.MEDICA. 3. A HACER INVERSIONES -EN BIENES DE CAPITAL- PARA SUS: 3.1.CLINICAS, 3.2.PARA SUS CONSULTORIOS PRIVADOS... 3.3.3PARA BRINDAR: 1. CALIDAD MUNDIAL, EN EL SERVICIO A SUS PACIENTES... 2. PARA MEJORAR LA: CALIDAD & ACTUALIDAD, DE LA OFERTA DE SALUD: PUBLICA & PRIVADA, EN: REPUBLICA DOMINICANA... DOMINICANA DE AVIACION, SE CERRO, -SUPUESTAMENTE- PARA: 1.REORGANIZAR: LA COMPANIA AEREA, 2.LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL... 3.POR UNOS MESES... 4.QUIZAS POR UNOS ANOS... PERO LO CIERTO ES, QUE NO: 1. TENEMOS YA, 1.1. VUELOS BARATOS, 1.2.PARA VIAJES DE: ESTUDIOS, HACIA 1.EUROPA, 2.DESDE 1995, CON LA : BANDERA DOMINICANA... 2. SON DE LAS IMBECILIDADES: DE LAS DOMINICANADAS... ESTABLECIENDO UN RECORD PLANETARIO... 1. ES LA UNICA LINEA AEREA: PROPIEDAD -DE UN GOBIERNO, DE UN ESTADO- QUE HA QUEBRADO - EN LA HISTORIA DE LA HUMANIDAD...- Y NO FUE PEOR, PORQUE : LLEGO LEONEL FERNANDEZ Y FUNDO: UNA AGENCIA CIENTIFICA, ESPECIALIZADA EN : CIENCIAS AERONAUTICAS, designando alli, a: LIC. JOSE TOMAS PEREZ, quien hizo la proeza de SACAR A LA ISLA O MEDIA ISLA : REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, de la categoria 4... y ASI NO SE VIERON MAS; PERJUDICADOS 1.TODOS LOS AGRICULTORES: EXPORTADORES, 2.TODOS LOS FINQUEROS: DOMINICANOS, 3.TODOS LOS GANADEROS: DOMINICANOS, 4.TODOS LOS AGRO-INDUSTRIALES: DOMINICANOS 5.TODOS LOS INDUSTRIALES: EXPORTADORES DOMINICANOS... 6.TODOS LOS FRUCTICULTORES: DOMINICANOS, 7.TODOS LOS FLORICULTORES: DOMINICANOS, 8.TODOS LOS HORTICULTORES: DOMINICANOS... ES DECIR: TODOS LOS CAMPESINOS & LAS CAMPESINAS DOMINICANOS... Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV CCIAV, CC4AVE Talents, Criticism, Friendship! Salut, Polis, Ecumene! (1959-2019). --------- DOMINICANA DE AVIACION. ----------- Dominicana de Aviación. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Dominicana de Aviación DominicanaAirlines-logo.JPG IATA ICAO Callsign DO DOA DOMINICANA FOUNDED. Founded 1944 INACTIVE SINCE 1995. Ceased operations 1999 (inactive since 1995) Hubs Las Américas International Airport Focus cities Miami International Airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport Destinations 19 (At time of closing) Company slogan "VOLANDO EN GRANDE" and "TU LINEA AEREA" and "LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL" and "MAS DE ORGULLO DE SER TU LINEA ES DE LO NUESTRO ALMA & BANDERA". Headquarters Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Website instagram.com/dominicanadeaviacion Compañía Dominicana de Aviación, usually shortened to Dominicana, WAS AN AIRLINE FROM DOMINICAN REPUBLIC was an airline from the Dominican Republic, SERVING AS FLAG CARRIER OF THE COUNTRY. Contents 1 History 2 Fleet 2.1 Livery 3 Accidents and incidents 4 References History This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Douglas DC-6B freighter of Dominicana at Miami International Airport in 1975. DOMINICANA WAS ESTABLISHED IN: 1944 Dominicana was established in 1944 IN AN EFFORT TO CREATE: 1.A NATIONAL AIRLINE. in an effort to create a national airline 2. AIMING AT THE LARGE NUMBER aiming at the large number of 3. OF DOMINICAN CITIZENS Dominican citizens 3.1. WHO EMIGRATED TO: 3.1.1.THE UNITED STATES who emigrated to the United States of America, 3.1.2. PUERTO RICO. 3.1.3. SPAIN Puerto Rico and Spain. The initial fleet consisted of Douglas DC-3 and DC-6 aircraft. DURING THE 1950s DOMINICANA LAUNCHED During the 1950s, Dominicana launched A DOMESTIC ROUTE NETWORK a domestic route network TO PLACES SUCH AS: 1. PUERTO PLATA. 2. LA ROMANA. 3. PUERTO PLATA. 4. LA ROMANA. 5. SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS. to places such as Puerto Plata, La Romana and Santiago de los Caballeros, acquiring Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando and Aviation Traders Carvair airplanes. IN THE 1960s, DOMINICANA RENEWED ITS FLEET In the 1960s, Dominicana renewed its fleet with Douglas DC-8, McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 727 jet aircraft. THE ROUTE NETWORK The route network WAS FURTHER EXPANDED was further expanded, WITH MORE DESTINATIONS with more destinations IN THE AMERICAS AND THE CARIBBEAN in the Americas and the Caribbean DURING : 1970s. during the 1970s. AT THE HEIGHT IN THE At its height in the 1980s, DOMINICANA OPERATED: BOEING 747 Dominicana operated Boeing 747 AIRCRAFT TO EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS aircraft to European destinations LIKE: 1. MADRID. 2. MILAN. 3. FRANKFURT. like Madrid, Milan, and Frankfurt. At the end of the decade, the airline's economic situation worsened due to poor management, lack of innovation or cost-cutting culture, and the heavy maintenance costs of its aging fleet. More importantly, on the revenue side, government employees also sought to fly non-revenue, given the typical patronage in the Dominican Republic with many flights full of them often displacing paying passengers. Subsequently, the fleet and network were scaled back, leaving only the original routes like New York, Miami, Caracas, and San Juan. In an effort to save on maintenance costs, Dominicana began to operate leased aircraft (mostly Boeing 727s, but also in Q1 and Q2 of 1993 an Airbus A300 from Conair). THE FINANCIAL SITUATION... The financial situation further worsened into the 1990s, which coincided with a negative customer reputation (like lost or delayed luggage as well as unreliable schedules). In 1994, now also faced with Cat1 restrictions in the US, Dominicana wet-leased a Boeing 737-300 and a Boeing 757-200 from Mexican low-cost airline TAESA. Further aircraft were wet-leased from Express One International, Atlantic Aviation and Carnival Air Lines. During Christmas of 1994, many Dominicana VFR passengers were stranded at JFK, MIA, and SJU when THE AIRLINE WAS UNABLE TO PROVIDE the airline was unable TO PROVIDE NECESSARY FUNDING to provide necessary funding to lessors for heavily-booked Christmas flights (and, overbooked for the B727 the lessors were providing, since an A300 had been expected to be wet-leased). AS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE OUTRAGE IN EARLY 1995... As a consequence of the outrage, in early 1995 THE GOVERNMENT ORF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC the government of the Dominican Republic DECIDED TO SHUT DOWN THE AIRLINE decided to shut down the airline. While the shutdown WAS ORIGINALLY ONLY PLANNED 1. AS TEMPORARY MEASURE was originally only planned as a temporary measure 2. TO GET RE-ORGANIZED THE : COMPANY. to get re-organized, the company 3. NEVER BECAME: OPERATIONAL AGAIN. never became operational again. The vice president at the time was quoted saying that "Dominicans can fly APA Internacional" which was another "local" airline that benefited handsomely from Dominicana's demise. While several attempts have been made to privatize the airline, no efforts came to fruition. American Airlines and later JetBlue dominated the market and the business case for a new Dominican flag carrier is relatively weak given the investment that would be required and the debts that would have to be honored in order to use the Dominicana name.[1] Fleet Over the years, Dominicana operated the following aircraft types:[2][3] Dominicana fleet development Aircraft Total ATL-98A 2 Boeing 707-300 3 Boeing 720 1 Boeing 727-100 5 Boeing 727-200 10 Boeing 737-400 1 Boeing 747-100 1 Boeing 757 1 Douglas DC-3 2 Douglas DC-4 5 Douglas DC-6 5 Douglas DC-8 1 McDonnell Douglas DC-9 2 McDonnell Douglas DC-10 3 (Airbus 300-400/1 Livery The most common Dominicana livery consisted of a metallic silver fuselage, with red and blue cheatlines tail painting, representing the colors in the Dominican flag. The Dominicana titles were written in black letters above the passenger windows. Accidents and incidents On 11 January 1948, a Dominicana Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registered HI-6) crashed into a mountain near Yamasá in bad weather conditions, killing all 30 passengers and two crew members on board, amongst them the baseball team of B.B.C Santiago. The aircraft had been on a scheduled flight from Barahona to Santiago de los Caballeros.[4] On 17 July 1958 at 10:16 UTC, a Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando cargo aircraft (registered HI-16) operating Dominicana Flight 402 from Ciudad Trujillo (today's Santo Domingo) to Miami crashed shortly after take-off due to an engine problem, killing the two pilots on board.[5] On 23 June 1969 at 15:42 local time, a Dominicana Aviation Traders Carvair cargo aircraft (registered HI-168), which was operating Flight 401 from Miami to Santo Domingo, crashed shortly after take-off from Miami International Airport, killing all four persons on board, as well as six people on the ground. The aircraft had suffered an engine failure during take-off run, on which the pilots were not able to react accordingly.[6][7] On 15 February 1970 at approximately 18:30 local time, a Dominicana McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (registered HI-177) crashed into the sea some 3 kilometres off Santo Domingo, killing all 97 passengers and 5 crew members on board, making it the deadliest accident in the history of the Dominican Republic until the crash of Birgenair Flight 301 in 1996. The aircraft had just departed Las Américas International Airport for a scheduled flight to San Juan, when it suffered a dual engine failure.[8] On 5 September 1993, a Dominicana Boeing 727-200 (registered HI-617CA) was destroyed in a fire at Las Américas Airport. The then 20 years old aircraft had been operating a scheduled flight from San Juan to Santo Domingo carrying 98 passengers and 7 crew members, when the cabin filled with smoke during disembarkation, which was caused by a fire due to electrical overheating. All people involved managed to leave the aircraft before it was completely engulfed by the flames.[9] References List of airlines of the Dominican Republic at airlineupdate.com Archived 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Amateur Dominicana de Aviacion Historic Fleet listing Amateur Dominicana fleet listing (newer aircraft only) at airfleets.net Dominicana 1948 crash at the Aviation Safety Network 1958 Dominicana crash at the Aviation Safety Network Dominicana Flight 402 at the Aviation Safety Network Flight 401 Official NTSB Accident Report Dominicana 1970 crash at the Aviation Safety Network Dominicana 1993 incident at the Aviation Safety Network vte Airlines of the Dominican Republic Active Aeronaves DominicanasAir CenturyAir Inter IslandflycanaSAP Air Flag of the Dominican Republic Defunct Aero Continente DominicanaAerolíneas MasAeromar Líneas Aéreas DominicanasAerovías QuisqueyanaAir DominicanaAir Santo DomingoAlas NacionalesAPA International AirCaribairCaribbean Air SignDominairDominicana de AviaciónHispaniola AirwaysLAN DominicanaPAWA DominicanaQueen AirSol Dominicana AirlinesViva AirVolAir Categories: Defunct airlines of the Dominican RepublicAirlines established in 1944Airlines disestablished in 1999Dominicana de Aviación1944 establishments in the Dominican Republic1999 dis ----

POR QUE UD. NO SABE QUE:

LA ORGANIZACION INTERNACIONAL DEL

TRABAJO, ES LA QUE CREA:

1. LA CLASIFICACION INTERNACIONAL

DE LAS RAMAS DE ACTIVIDAD DEL :

TRABAJO HUMANO, en el ano 1923.

EN SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA:

CAZA.

PESCA.

AGRICULTURA.

GANADERIA.

SILVICULTURA.

FLORICULTURA.

ZOOTECNIA.

VIDA SILVESTRE...

SECTOR SECUNDARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA

COMERCIO.

SECTOR TERCIARIO DE LA : ECONOMIA

INDUSTRIA & SERVICIOS...

PORQUE NO ASISTIO A UNA UNIVERSIDAD

DOMINICANA O EXTRANJERA, donde se le:

EXPIDIERA EL TITULO UNIVERSITARIO DE:

CIENTIFICO IUS LABORALISTA,

ABOGADO LABORALISTA...

SI TUVIERA UN TITULO DE :

ABOGADO LABORALISTA SUPIERA:

LAS PALABRAS MAGICAS DE UNA ECONOMIA:

1. TRABAJO.

2. EMPLEO.

3. ECONOMIA NARANJA.

4. EXPORTACIONES.

5. SECTOR PRIMARIO DE LA :

ECONOMIA.

6. POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE:

ACTIVA.

7. AHORRO.

8. MICRO-ECONOMIA.

9. INVERSION.

10 RENTAS.

11. SISTEMA FINANCIERO O BANCARIO.

12. OCIO.

13. VACACIONES PAGADAS.

14. TURISMO.

15. INDUSTRIA.

PERO AUNQUE NO FUERA ABOGADO

IUS LABORALISTA ...

SI DESDE SUS 15 ANOS DE EDAD, SE:

HUBIERA BUSCADO UN EMPLEO O

EMPRENDIDO UN NEGOCIO, UNA MYPIME

TAMBIEN CONOCIERA:

ESAS PALABRAS, COKMO SUS :

DERECHOS.

EN LA POBLACION ECONOMICAMENTE

PRODUCTIVA:

ENTRE LOS 15 ANOS DE EDAD & LOS

65 ANOS DE EDAD, EN LA SOCIEDAD

DOMINICANA,

EN LA CULTURA DOMINICANA,

EN LA CIVILIZACION DOMINICANA,

EN LA :

ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA,

DE LA NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA

DOMINICANA.

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV.

CCIAV, CC4AVE

Talents,Criticism,Friendship!

Salud, Polis, Ecuene!

(1959-2019)

SI UD. HUBIERA TRABAJADO ALGUNA

VEZ EN LA ECONOMIA DOMINICANA,

seria de los MILES QUE APLAUDEN LA:

1. FUNDACION DEL BANCO:

BANCA SOLIDARIA.

2. BANCO DOMINICANO PARA PROMOCION

& FOMENTO DE LAS EXPORTACIONES DE

A NACION & DE LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA

EN TIEMPO RECORD:

2012-2019.

1. PARA QUE HAYA: MENOS DELINCUENTES

EN LAS CALLES.

2. PARA QUE HAYA MENOS VAGOS, MENOS

LACRAS, MENOS PARASITOS SOCIALES EN

LAS CALLES DOMINICANAS...

3. PARA QUE CUANDO UD. VAYA POR ELLAS,

CON SU MUJER & SUS NINOS & NINAS,

DOMINICANOS...

1. NO LE HAGAN PASAR UN SUSTO!

2. NO LE ARRANQUEN LA VIDA!

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV

CCIAV, CC4AVE

Talents, Criticism, Friendship!

Salut, Polis, Ecumene!

(1959-2019)

----------------

UN DIA COMO HOY:

MUERE:

1. INGENIERO,

PEDRO PABLO BONILLA,

2.CIENTIFICO TICs,

3. de REPUBLICA DOMINICANA.

---------

QUE FUE : RAHINTEL, COMO PRIMER:

PROYECTO DE:

1.ORIGINALIDAD,

2.INNOVACION &

3. COMPETITIVIDAD, PRIVADA DE :

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA, fudado

en SANTO DOMINGO DE GUZMAN,

EN 1957?

------

RAHINTEL.

-------------

Rahintel.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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-----

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RADIO HIN, TELEVISION...

DONDE NUESTRA GENERACION CONOCIO

EL TRABAJO FUNDACIONAL DEL LOCUTOR

DOMINICANO:

TEO VERAS LOPEZ (1950-2018).

-----------
Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión).

------------
Rahintel logo, Dominican Republic, 1990s.jpg

LANZAMIENTO:

28 FEBRERO, 1959.

Launched 28 February 1959.

CIERRE:

4 ABRIL, 1999.

Closed 4 April 1999/

PROPIETARIO:

GRUPO FINANCIERO UNIVERSAL.

Owned by Grupo Financiero Universal
Picture format 480i (SDTV 4:3)

SLOGAN o IDENTIDAD CORPORATIVA:

GENTE QUE SABE, HACER TELEVISION.

Slogan Gente que sabe hacer televisión (People who know how to make television)
Country Dominican Republic

IDIOMA DE LAS TRANSMISIONES:

LENGUA ESPANOLA O CASTELLANA.
Language Spanish

COBERTURA:

NACIONAL,

TODA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA.

Broadcast area Dominican Republic.

SUBSIDIARIAS:

CANAL 7 CIBAO.

Affiliates Canal 7 Cibao
Headquarters Santo Domingo

REEMPLAZADO POR:

ANTENA LATINA.
Replaced by Antena Latina
Sister channel(s) Canal 7 Cibao.

SISTEMA DE NETWORK:

1. TERRESTRE.

2. OPEN NETWORK.

Availability
Terrestrial.

CANAL DE VHF:

VHF Channel 7 (Santo Domingo).

RAHINTEL FUE EL :

1.PRIMER CANAL PRIVADO

2.DE TELEVISION

Rahintel was the first privately owned television network in the Dominican Republic

Y EL SEGUNDO, EN TERMINOS GENERALES:

DESPUES DE LA VOZ DOMINICANA

and the second such network to start television broadcasts in the DR after La Voz Dominicana. It was owned and operated by Grupo Financiero Universal

LA QUIEBRA OBLIGO A VENDER EL :

1.CANAL...

2. EN LOS ANOS 80s.

until the latter's bankruptcy in the late-1980s and was headquartered in Santo Domingo.

Contents
1 Founding and early years
2 Growth and expansion
3 Golden Age
4 Decline, reboost and shutdown
5 References

EL VALOR DE:

INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA,

COMO:

1. INNOVADOR INGENIERIL:

EN CIENCIAS TICs.

2. PIONERO EN LA INDUSTRIA

-TELEVISUAL O TELASTICA-

TELECOMUNICACIONL PRIVADA:

DOMINICANA.

-------

Founding and early years
The channel's origins are traced as far back as 1959. Pedro Bonilla,

INGENIERO PEDRO PABLO BONILLA:

1. PRIMERO FUE HOMBRE DE LA ;

RADIO -HIN, LA MISMA FIERA-

DOMINICANA.

2. UN INDUSTRIAL:

RADIODIFUSOR.

owner of Radio HIN, expressed the will to launch a private television station and launches Rahintel (Radio HIN Televisión) on February 28, 1959 in a shop located near the grounds of the Fair of Peace and Fraternity of the Free World, which had recently opened at the time.

PARA QUE FUNDO:

ING. PEDRO PABLO

BONILLA

1.UN CANAL DE TELEVISION,

2.EN 1959?

1. CONTRIBUIR A LA EDUCACION.

2. DE TODA LA POBLACION DOMINICANA.

3. PONER LA NUEVA FRECUENCIA:

3.1. AL SERVICIO.

3.1.1. DE TODOS LOS ACTORES & ACTRICES:

ECONOMICOS EN REPUBLICA DOMINICANA.

3.1.2. AL SERVICIO DE TODOS LOS:

SECTORES INDUSTRIALES DOMINICANOS.

The initial purpose of the creator and, therefore, of the TV company in general were, initially, to contribute to the education of the population and to serve the economic and industrial sectors as a vehicle for promoting their products.

ARTISTICAMENTE, RAHINTEL FUE:

1. UN POCO MAS LIBERAL.

2. QUE LA VOZ DOMINICANA.

Artistically, Rahintel was a little more liberal in contrast to La Voz Dominicana (the current 4RD).

EN PRINCIPIO DON PETAN TRUJILLO,

NO SE SINTIO COMODO, CON ESTE

1. NUEVO COMPETIDOR.

2. PRIVADO.

PORQUE PROYECTO UN ESPIRITU:

1.ARTISITICO.

2. JUVENIL.

3.EXPERIMENTAL.

However, this climate of artistic freedom that opened in Rahintel bothered Jose Arismendy Trujillo (Petan), director of La Voz Dominicana (and brother of tyrant Rafael Leonidas Trujillo). But Petán couldn't remove the plant - or even acquire it -

1.LA EMISORA DE TELEVISION PRIVADA

DOMINICANA:

2.SOLO PUDO ABRIRSE EN EL ANO 1959,

2.1. PORQUE EXISTIAN UNOS VINCULOS:

-GERENCIALES, FINANCIEROS, CORPORATIVOS-

CON LA FAMILIA TRUJILLO.

ADEMAS DE AMISTAD, entre:

1.RAMFIS TRUJILLO.

2. DON PEPE BONILLA.

given the links between Pepe Bonilla and Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Martinez (Ramfis).

LOS NINOS DE MI GENERACION...

LAS NINAS DE MI GENERACION...

NACIDOS DESPUESDE 1960...

1.CRECIMOS DELEITANDONOS CON:

LA HORA DEL MORO.

Because of that, shows liike "La hora del moro" (Hour of the Chow) were created, which opened the doors to many young artists who tested their talents.

PERO NO LO DIRIGIA UN CUALQUIERA:

MAESTRO RAFAEL SOLANO, es un clasico

VIVO EN LA ECONOMIA NARANJA, EN LA

ECONOMIA CREATIVA DOMINICANA.

This program was run by the Dominican musician Rafael Solano and he gave the start of the careers of singers such as Nini Cáffaro.

POR TELEVISION ES

1.LA UNICA MANERA EN QUE:

2. HE VISTO A NINI CAFFARO.

At this time, coverage was limited to the capital and some nearby towns and their programming only ran from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM and, on rare occasions, until 11. In addition to live programs, its programming consisted of American series and comedies.

PARA ESA EPOCA, LOS CANALES :

1. DOMINICANOS.

2. CERRABAN A LAS 12 DE LA NOCHE.

CON UNOS MENSAJES QUE DECIAN:

1. PADRE.

2. SON LAS 10 DE LA NOCHE.

3. SABES, DONDE ESTAN TUS HIJOS?

Growth and expansion
Several years later, in 1966, their coverage extended into the country via channels 7 and 11 and its signal was extended to the north and northwest. Notably, in the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, Rahintel operated on channel 11. However, they managed to create another frequency to transmit channel 7 in Santiago. This channel was known as Canal 7 Cibao.

RAHINTEL HIZO LA PRIMERA :

1. TRANSMISION : SATELITAL.

2. DE LA HISTORIA : DOMINICANA.
During the decade, Rahintel made their first satellite transmission, becoming the first channel of the Dominican Republic to do it.[1]

Golden Age
In 1983, Pedro Bonilla sold the TV station to Grupo Financiero Universal, controlled at the time by Leonel Almonte, who would expand the plant and their television programming, along with Milton Peláez, who launched offers to several shows on Color Visión. The episode of the "war of the ballots" had begun.

Rahintel logo upon being acquired by Grupo Financiero Universal
At the time, Rahintel won this "war" and managed to move several famous and competitive programs to the channel, having also included cartoons and anime like Force Five, Candy Candy, Thundercats, among others.

In the late 80s, Grupo Financiero Universal collapses and several of their acquired artists and shows leave the channel. However, Rahintel continued broadcasting normally, still airing animated shows with good ratings.

Decline, reboost and shutdown
In the early 90s, a program called "Sabadíssimo" was created and was led by José Guillermo Sued but was later removed from the schedule. Telenovelas like Mari Amor and shows like Mission: Impossible, Tarzan, MacGyver, Freddy's Nightmares and other popular shows like Nubeluz were also transmitted.

By the very end of the decade, Rahintel in decline. Still, ratings surprisingly increased with reruns of Candy Candy, and managed to obtain the rights to broadcast Tigres de Licey and Leones del Escogido matches for the 1998-1999 Dominican basecall season. These two teams came to compete for the championship that season and all occurrences of that final series were transmitted by channel 7.

However, despite the transmission of the matches gave them an increase in ratings, their fate was sealed. After 40 years of operations,

Rahintel silently shuts down in April 1999. The frequency was sold for a sum of $15.000.000 to Grupo Mercasid, who, in October, launched a new channel, Antena Latina.

References:

EXPOSITO, ELSA:
Expósito, Elsa (2009).

"TV DOMINICANA SE INICIA EN 1952

PETAN TRUJILLO FUE EL PIONERO"

TV dominicana se inicia en 1952; Petán Trujillo fue el pionero". A Primera Plana. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
Categories: Television channels and stations established in 1959Television channels and stations disestablished in 1999Spanish-language television stations
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---------

POR QUE EN TERMINOS DE LA :

1. ECONOMIA NARANJA.

2. DE LA NUEVA ECONOMIA.

3. DE LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA, se

consideran:

LOS COMPONENTES DEL GASTO

EN COMIDA DEL TURISTA, COMO

EXPORTACIONES IN SITU, SI TALES:

1. FRUTAS.

2. VEGETALES.

3. CARNES.

4. JUGOS.

5. ARROCES.

6. HABICHUELAS.

7. CONDIMENTOS...

LOS ELEMENTOS DE LA GASTRONOMIA

O DE LA COCINA, INCLUYENDO LAS;

RECTAS DE COCINA,son de:

1. PRODUCCION.

2. MANUFACTURA NACIONAL, es decir:

SI HAN PARTIDO DE: AGRONEGOCIOS,

FINCAS,

GANADERIAS, DOMINICANAS, dando :

ADEMAS EMPLEO EN LA CADENA DE

LOGISTICA A:

1 ESTIBDORES.

2. TRANSPORTISTAS.

3. OBREROS DOMINICANOS,

4. CAMPESINOS, AGRICULTURES,

5. GANADEROS, PASTORES DOMINICANOS,

a lo largo de dicho proceso de:

1. NUEVAS CADENAS DE:

VALOR AGREGADO?

---------

EL TURISMO & LA EXPORTABILIDAD,

IN SITU, COMO FACTOR DE CRECIMIENTO:

ORGANICO DE UNA ECONOMIA SOSTENIBLE.

------

Tourism and Exports as a means of Growth

By Isabel Cortés-Jiménez 1
, Manuela Pulina 2
, Carme Riera i Prunera 3
and Manuel Artis 3
1Christel DeHaan

SOURCE:

1.INSTITUTO DE TURISMO & VIAJES

ESCUELA DE NEGOCIOS.

UNIVERSIDAD DE NOTHINGHAN.

2. UNIVERSIDAD DE SASSARI,

2.1. CENTRO CRENOS DE INVESTIGACION

2.2. D.E.I. R. Universidad Sassari.

3. DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMETRIA

3.1. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION AQR.

3.2. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION IREA,

UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Tourism and Travel Research Institute, Nottingham
University Business School.
Email: Isabel.Cortés-Jiménez@nottingham.ac.uk
2CRENoS Research Centre and D.E.I.R., Università di Sassari
3
AQR Research Group – IREA. Department of Econometrics,
Universitat de Barcelona
Abstract: This study expands existing research

POR CONSIDERARTANTO A LAS :

1. EXPORTACIONES.

2. COMO AL TURISMO,

FACTORES DE INFLUENCIA POTENCIAL

EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO

by considering
both exports and tourism as potential influencing factors for
economic growth. While trade of goods has been proven as a
means of growth for countries, inbound

TURISMO COMO EXPORTACION:

NO TRADICIONAL

tourism as nontraditional exports, has been scarcely examined in the literature.

OBSERVANDO EN LA LONGITUDINALIDAD

CASE STUDIES:

ITALIA & ESPANA (1954-2000)

Using data for Italy and Spain over the period 1954-2000 and

COMO 1964-2000, RESPECTIVAMENTE:

AMBOS TIPOS DE EXPORTACIONES:

1. DE BIENES.

2. DE TURISMO,

FUERON INCLUIDOS EN EL MISMO :

MODELO.
1964-2000 respectively, both exports of goods and tourism
exports are included in the same model.

CON CUALES METODOLOGIAS?

1. COINTEGRACION STANDARD.

Standard cointegration

2. GRANGER CASUALITY.

and Granger causality techniques are applied.

QUE ARROJARON ESTOS RESULTADOS EN

AMBOS ESTUDIOS LONGITUDINALES?

The main results
reveal the significance of both exports and tourism towards

1. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO A LARGO:

PLAZO.

2. CON ALGUNAS MODALIZACIONES O

PECULIARIDADE, EN CADA CASO.

longterm growth with some peculiarities for each country.
.
Key words: Tourism, ELG Hypothesis, TLG Hypothesis,
Trade, Growth.
.
JEL codes: L83, C32, O49.
.
Acknowledgments. Carme Riera i Prunera acknowledges financial support from the Ministerio de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Programa Nacional de I+D+I, ECO2008-05314/ECON.
2
1. INTRODUCTION.

HACE POCO TIEMPO, EN ANOS RECIENTES...

In recent years

EXISTE UN CRECIENTE INTERES,

HA SURGIDO UN CRECIENTE INTERES

there has been an upsurge of interest

POR AVERIGUAR QUE ROLE,

QUE PITO TOCA...

1. EL TURISMO EN EL CRECIMIENTO:

ECONOMICO.

2. EN LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTANTADOS

O NO INDUSTRIALIZADOS...

FOCALIZANDO LA ATENCION EN:

1. POLITICAS ECONOMICAS.

2. PROMOTORAS DE LA CAPTACION DE:

TURISMO INTERNAICIONAL.

in the role of tourism for growth.
Developing countries focus on economic policies to promote international tourism

1. COMO FUENTE POTENCIAL DE:

CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO.

as a
potential source of economic growth.

DE CUALQUER MODO, NUESTRO

ENTENDIMIENTO, NUESTRA COMPRENSION

However, our understanding

SOBRE LAS CORRELACIONES, ENTRE:

1. EXPORTACIONES TRADICIONALES.

2. TURISMO.

3. CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO.

of the relationship between
traditional exports, tourism and economic growth

TODAVIA ESTA : EN PROCESO...

ES UN TERRITORIO DE INVESTIGACION:

1. NUEVO.

2. DE NATURALEZA : EXPLORATORIA.

is still ongoing.

The debate on whether or not countries should promote their tourism sector to achieve long-run
economic growth

IS A NOVEL ISSUE.

is a novel issue.

Until recently, MUCHA DE LA LITERATURA

CIENTIFICA (ECONOMICA)

SE HA ENFOCADO EN:

BASICAMENTE,

EN LOS BIENES O PRODUCTOS DEL SECTOR

PRIMARIO DE LA ECONOMIA:

1. CAZA.

2. PESCA.

3. AGRICULTURA.

4. GANADERIA.

5. SILVICULTURA.

6. AGROFORESTERIA, COMO:

PRODUCTOS DE EXPORTACION.

LO MISMO QUE EN EL SECTOR:

MAQUILA O MANUFACTURERO...

-CASO CORPORACION DE ZONAS

FRANCAS DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA

(1970-2019).

much of the literature focussed on primary
and manufactured product exports,

PERO LOS AUTORES 7 AUTORAS, EN

LA LITERATURA ESPECIALIZADA, HAN

CREADO DISTINCIONES, MODALIZACIONES

EN CADA UNA DE LAS CATEGORIAS...

1. EN SUS EFECTOS.

2. EN SUS IMPACTOS.

EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO.

with authors generally asserting that each category

has
different effects on growth.

SE HA INCREMENTADO LA ATENCION

O EL FOCO, DELIMITADO DE LOS ESTUDIOS

A:

1. PRODUCTOS DISTINTOS...

1.1. NO MANUFACTURADOS: PRIMARIOS.

1.2. PERO QUE PERTENECEN A UNA:

SUB-ESPECIE O SUB-CATEGORIA DE:

PRODUCTOS: EN EL RUBRO, RAMA DE

ACTIVIDAD:

SERVICIOS.

However, increasing attention is being paid to the exports of a
quite different type of product, which is neither primary nor manufactured, but belongs to the
so far neglected category of services.

EN ESE SENTIDO:

1. EL TURISMO INTERNACIONAL.

2. PUEDE SER CONSIDERADO:

UNA EXPORTACION,

EN EL SENTIDO NO TRADICIONAL,

DESDE EL MOMENTO EN QUE:

1. IMPLICA.

2. SER FUENTE DE:

A. RECEPCION DE CONSUMIDORES.

B. FUENTE DE RECEPCION MASIVA

DE PERSONAS QUE NO :

TRABAJAN, NI PRODUCEN DINERO

EN ESE PAIS (Lo visitan por 90 dias o menos)

portando DINERO, QUE TIENEN QUE:

DECLARAR:

1. EN EL PUERTO.

2. AEROPUERTO.

PARA GASTAR EN TAL ECONOMIA...

(SOCIEDAD: HUESPED)...

CON ESE DINERO, PROPIEDAD DEL:

1. CRUCERISTA.

2. VACACIONISTA.

3. TURISTA...

NADA DE LO QUE EL HAGA EN TAL PAIS;

EN TAL ECONOMIA, SERA UN FAVOR...

1. EL HA VENIDO A GASTAR SUS :

AHORROS.

2. DESPUES DE UN ANO TRABAJANDO:

DURA & HONESTAMENTE, EN SU PAIS

DE ORIGEN O DONDE:

1. ESTUDIA, EN LA ESCUELA.

2. ESTUDIA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD.

3. TIENE UN : EMPLEO O ACTIVIDAD

ECONOMICA:

1. LICITA O LEGAL, EN SU PAIS.

2. QUE LE OTORGA COMO TODOS LOS

PAISES MIEMBROS DE OIT:

VACACIONES PAGADAS...

2.1. PARA QUE SOLO O SOLA.

2.2. CON AMIGOS O AMIGAS.

2.3. CON SUS NINOS O NINAS.

2.4. CON SU ESPOSA O ESPOSO.

2.5. CON SU FAMILIA:

GASTE TODO EL DINERO

1.QUE LES DE

LA GANA ...

2.EN ESOS 90 DIAS...

3.HACIENDO TODO LO QUE LES

DE LA GANA:

4.SI ESTA DENTRO DE LAS LEYES

& LA CONSTITUCION, DEL PAIS AL CUAL

LLEGAN COMO:

TURISTAS....

-----------

EN EL CASO DOMINICANO:

1. NO MATRIMONIOS INFANTILES.

2. NO VENTA, DISTRIBUCION, NI CONSUMO

DE DROGAS NARCOTICAS...

3. NO PEDOFIILIA...

4. NO PRODUCCION DE VIDEOS O

CINE PORNO....

-----------------
In this respect, international tourism might be considered
as an export in a non-traditional way since it implies a source of receipts and consumption in
situ.

EN EL ULTIMO SIGLO, EN EL NUEVO MILENIO

The last century and the new millennium

HEMOS SIDO TESTIGOS DEL INCREMENTO

DE LOS FLUJOS TURISTICOS :

MUNDIALES.

have witnessed the prominent increase of tourism.

EL VOLUMEN PRODUCIDO POR LA:

ECONOMIA TURISTICA EN 1950:

MOVIA O RECEPCIONABA A PENAS:

2

BILLONES DE DOLARES DE LOS EEUU.

MIENTRAS QUE PARA EL ANO:

2006, SE LANZO POR LA FRIOLERA DE:

735 BILLONES DE DOLARES DE EEUU.

In
1950, the number of international tourism receipts was 2 billion US dollar while in 2006 it was
735 billion.

EN TODO EL MUNDO LAS LLEGADAS DE:

TURISTAS A PENAS ERA:

25 MILLONES DE SERES HUMANOS, EN

EL ANO 1950.

International tourist arrivals have risen from 25 million in 1950

PERO SEGUN LA ORGANIZACION ESPECIALIZADA

EN EL TURISMO MUNDIAL, TAL CIFRA, ALCANZO

EN EL ANO :

2008, NADA MAS Y NADA MENOS QUE:

924 MILLONES DE PERSONAS.

to 924 million in
2008 (UNWTO 2009).

LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA PRODUCE

EN TODO EL MUNDO:

300 MILLONES DE:

1. EMPLEOS DIRECTOS.

2. EMPLEOS INDIRECTOS.

According to the same source, tourism is responsible for 300 million
direct and indirect jobs

PERO ADEMAS REPRESENTA EL:

13%

DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO (PIB)

global o del planeta tierra

and represents 13% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The
preceding figures would increase markedly if domestic tourism too was taken into account .

PERO NO ES SOLO ESO LO QUE HACE;

1. EL TURISMO POR LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL.

2. TIENE OTROS IMPACTOS O EFECTOS

ECONOMICOS, en el caso de la ECONOMIA

DOMINICANA EN LAS DE:

80 SECTORES O SUB-SECTORES DE

LOS DESARROLLOS DE COMPLEJOS O

PROYECTOS TURISTICOS.

1. DESDE LA ARQUITECTURA & EL URBANISMO

2. HASTA EL PAISAJISMO & LA JARDINERIA.
Tourism has important multiplier effects in other economic sectors, for instance,

1. AYUDANDO A NIVEL MACRO:

A ALIVIAR LOS DEFICITS DE:

LA BALAZA DE PAGOS.

it may help to
alleviate deficits in the balance of payments,

2. INCREMENTANDO LOS VOLUMENES

DE LAS RESERVAS DEL :

BANCO CENTRAL,

DE REPUBLICA DOMINICANA

to increase exchange reserves

3. CREANDO UNOS FLUJOS ESTABLES:

1. IMPUESTOS.

2. TRIBUTOS,

PARA CADA MUNICIPALIDAD

O AYUNTAMIENTO.

and to generate tax
earnings.

SE HA CONVERTIDO EN UN LUGAR COMUN:

1. LA CREENCIA DE UE TURISMO, puede:

JUGAR UN ROLE, ESENCIAL, FUNDAMENTAL

2. EN EL CASO CONCRETO DE LOS :

PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS O

MENOS INSTRIALIZADOS DEL MUNDO...

ACELERNADO:

1. SU DESARROLLO HUMANO.

2. SU DESARROLLO ECONOMICO...

DESDE UN NUEVO RITMO DE CRECIMIENTO

ECONOMICO, POR LA INYECCION DE:

TALES CONSUMOS DEL DOLAR & DEL

EURO, TURISTICO.

There is an increasing and widely accepted belief that tourism can play a fundamental role for
developing countries to achieve economic growth and development.

ESTE HECHO ESTA FUERTEMENTE

RESPALDADO...

This fact is strongly
supported by international organizations such as UNWTO and World Travel and Tourism
Council (WTTC).

UNCTAD EN 2004...

For instance, the United Nations conference on Trade and Development held
in 2004 declared that for many developing countries, particularly least developed countries

Y LAS ISLAS PEQUENAS...

and
small islands,

1. TURISMO ES UNA DE

1.1.LAS POCAS SOSTENIBLES & VIABLES

tourism constitutes one of a few viable

1.2.OPCIONES CONFIABLES DE:

DESARROLLO INTEGRAL

development options

3. CONVIRTIENDOSE EN LA PRINCIPAL

FUENTE DE CAPTACION DE:

MONEDAS DURAS O CONVERTIBLES.

and it is often the
principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Subsequently, national governments of
3
emerging countries apply policies in favour of tourism expansion under the argument that
tourism does not only draw upon the resources of the national economy and could be a
promoting tool to economic growth,

PERO TAMBIEN ESTIMULA:

1. EL CRECIMIIENTO

2.DE OTROS SECTORES ECONOMICOS,

ENTRE ELLOS ...

LAS MYPIMES...

but it also stimulates the growth of other economic sectors
via multiplier and spill-over effects.
It seems reasonable to reckon that the defence of the tourism role within the national economy
stems from the observation of successful experiences; that is, countries that became
economically developed and experienced an expansion of international tourism. Interestingly,

EN EL RANKING MUNDIAL DE DESTINOS

TURISTICOS, de la UNWTO:

1. LOS PAISES MENOS ADELANTADOS.

2. MENOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS.

3. OCUPAN LA POSICION DE:

LIDERAZGO MUNDIAL.
while the ranking of top tourism destinations worldwide provided by the UNWTO shows that
the first positions are occupied essentially by developed countries, the ranking of the top
emerging tourism destinations (which have a growth rate of international tourist arrivals above
the world average and an increase of at least 100,000 arrivals per year)

CONTIENE MAYORMENTE: PAISES

EN VIAS DE DESARROLLO O DE DESARROLLO

1. TARDO -CAPITALISTA.

2. TARDO-INDUSTRIALIZACION.

contains mostly
developing countries. This picture suggests that emerging countries are probably trying to
imitate other known experiences.

As Sinclair (1998) pointed out, it is important to take into
account previous successful models of tourism and economic growth,

COMO LE MODELO ESPENOL...

1. NO PUEDE SER:

CALCADO O COPIADO ACRITICAMENTE...

2. Tiene que ser DOMINICANIZADO,

APLATANADO...

as the Spanish one,
though the model should not be copied exactly,

DE CONFORMIDADCON LAS:

1. CARACTERISTICAS:

CONCRTETAS, ESPECIFICAS.

2. DE CADA PAIS

.but suited to the economic characteristics of
every country.

The field of research focused on the relationship between tourism and economic growth is still
in development.

Nowadays, there are two generally accepted methodologies that can be
applied to estimate the impact of tourism on GDP: the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) and
the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. Encouraged by the UNWTO and the
WTTC, many countries use a TSA to quantify the contribution of tourism and travelling to
different sectors of the economy.

As Blake et al. (2006) underline, TSAs provide an ideal basis
for CGE models that can examine the analytical and policy-related questions that the more
descriptive TSA are not designed to answer. The first tool, TSA, is commonly employed by
international organizations such as WTTC and national governments, whilst the second tool,
the CGE model, has received much attention in specialised tourism literature.

However, scarce
attention has been paid to the long-run relationship between tourism expansion and economic
growth to date, and particularly to the econometric testing of these assumptions.

Considering the great contribution of the tourism industry to the world economy, the research
in this field may be of significant importance. In particular, the investigation of the relationship
between tourism and economic growth in the long term, demonstrating theoretical assumptions
and encompassing all types of tourism – domestic and inbound tourism – at a national and
4
regional level of analysis, can provide crucial information for policy formulations and strategic
planning by the government, as well as tourism businesses.

LA NATURALEZA DINAMICA DEL TURISMO...

The dynamic nature of tourism as
well as its potential role as a tool to achieve economic development calls for updated research
to improve our understanding of its practical implications.

To this respect, in the tourism literature, there are two main streams of thought stemming from
the so-called Export-Led Growth (ELG) hypothesis. On the one side, Nowak et al. (2007)
argue that economic growth can be achieved via increases in the volume of inputs.

This
economic relationship is known as Tourism Capital Imports to Growth (TKIG). The TKIG
hypothesis has been empirically supported for the case of Spain (Nowak et al. 2007),
confirming that economic development and industrialisation in Spain were achieved since the
early Sixties through imports of capital goods mainly financed by tourism receipts (Sinclair
and Bote Gómez 1996).

On the other side, the Tourism-Led Growth (TLG) hypothesis
postulates that the economic growth of countries can be generated by expanding international
tourism as a non-traditional export.

A comprehensive review on the TLG hypothesis is
provided by Cortés-Jiménez and Pulina (2009).

-----------

UN DIA COMO HOY MUERE: INGENIERO

PEDRO PABLO BONILLA, FUNDADOR DEL

CANAL DE TELEVISION DOMINICANO:

RAHINTEL, en 1957.

--------

QUE ES ITB. BERLIN, desde el ano:

1966?

------------
ITB Berlin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITB_Berlin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ITB ES LA BOLSA INTERNACIONAL DE:

TURISMO.

The ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin)

IS LA FERIA DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS

DE LA HOSPITALIDAD & DEL TURISMO, MAS

GRANDE DEL MUNDO.

is the world's largest tourism trade fair.

QUIENES EN TODO EL MUNDO, ASISTEN

A DICHA FERIA?

1. HOTELES.

2. BUROS DE TURISMO.

3. OPERADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA:

TURISTICA.

4. PROVEEDORES DE SISTEMAS O

CIENCIAS TICs.

5. LINEAS AEREAS

-INCLUYENDO LAS LINEAS AEREAS:

DEL GOBIERNO DE CADA PAIA O:

LINEAS AEREAS: BANDERA NACIONAL-

LINEAS AEREAS PRIVADAS.

LA INDUSTRIA DE LAS CIENCIAS:

LOGISTICAS, POR VIA DE LA:

AEROTRANSPORTACION de flujos de:

PASAJEROS.

1. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE: TURISMO

2. TIEMPO PARA HACER DICHOS

DESPLAZAMIENTOS:

VACACIONES LABORALES.

VACAIONES FAMILIARES.

VACACIONES ESCOLARES

VACACIONES ESTACIONALES:

1.--Semana Santa.

2.-Vacaciones & Fiestas de Navidad.

3.-Vacaciones de Verano.

4.-Vacaciones en terminos GENERALES;

TURISMO SOCIAL.

5. Turismo de Negocios.

6.Turismo de Salud & Bienestar.

7. TURISMO DE: NOVIAZGO,

MATRIMONIO, LUNA DE MIEL...

The companies represented at the fair include hotels, tourist boards, tour operators, system providers, airlines and car rental companies.

AGENCIAS DE RENTA DE VEHICUOS DE:

1. MOTOR.

2. CON CHOFER & SIN CHOFER...

3. CON GUIAS TURISTICOS O SIN GUIAS:

TURISTICOS.

HISTORICAMENTE desde el ano 1966:

ITB, CONVOCA a todos los :

1. Stakeholders.

2. Shareholders

A NIVEL MUNDIAL de este segmento de

la ECONOMIA NARANAJA O DE LA ECONOMIA

CREATIVA MUNDIAL, fundamentada en:

1. PERSONAS, altamente entrenadas.

2. QUE ATIENDEN, miman, apapachan a;

OTRAS PERSONAS.

1. DESE LA OFERTA DE SOLUCIONES:

PERSONALES, para quien salio de su casa:

A GOZAR SUS VACACIONES.

1.1 SOLO.

1.2 EN PAREJA.

1.3. EN FAMILIA.

1.4. CON GRUPOS DE AMIGOS & AMIGAS.

1.5. CON COMPANEROS DE TRABAJO:

De oficina.

De hospital.

De clinica.

1.6. PERSONAS DE TODO TIPO DE :

GRUPOS DE EDAD O SEGMENTOS

ETARIOS DEL MERCADO: DEMANDANTE

DE PROPUESTAS & OFERTAS :

INDUSTRIALES, TURISTICAS.

1. Ninos.

2. Jovenes.

3. Adultos.

4. Envejecientes.

5. Ancianos.

6. Muy ancianos.

7. CON O SIN DIVERSIDAD FUNCIOINAL,

CON O SIN DISCAPACIDAD...

Pero la existencia del aparato: BOEING 787

PERMITIRA POR PRIMERA VEZ EN LA

HISTORIA:

1. QUE LAS PERSONAS CON ALGUNA :

DISCAPACIDAD.

1.1.VIAJEN CON SU : CUIDADOR O CUIDADORA.

EN EL MISMO ASIENTO.

1.2. O BIEN: RENTEN ESOS SERVICIOS DE:

CUIDADO PERSONAL, EN EL DESTINO:

TURISTICO...

1. REPRESNETANDO este segmento del mercado

mundial...

2. UNA NUEVA FUENTE DE EMPLEOS

PRODUCTIVOS DE RIQUEZA, para padres

y madres de familia DOMINICANOS,

1.SIN EDUCACION FORMAL O UNIVERSITARIA

SIEMPRE QUE SEPAN :

2.HABLAR INGLES.

The ITB Berlin takes place annually in March at the Messe Berlin. The fair always has an official partner country, in 2018 (March 7-11) represented by the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

ITB HA LOGRADO DIVERSIFICARSE

(1066-2019), construyendo EVENTOS SATELITE

en SOCIEDADES,

CULTURAS,

CIVILIZACIONES

& ECONOMIAS:

ANTIQUISIMAS...

COMO:

1. INDIA.

2. CHINA.

3. SINGAPUR

ITB Berlin (or just ITB) has been running since 1966 and now has managed to establish satellite events in China, India and Singapore.[1].

LA LABOR DE :

1. B2B.

2.B2C desde ITB, BERLIN, apuesta al :

ACERCAMIENTO DE MAYORISTAS

1. VISITANTES.

2. OPERADORES TURISTICOS.

The thematically ordered market segments help visitors and exhibitors to quickly find their way through the wide product range of ITB Berlin:

LA FERIA ESTA SEGMENTADA EN :

EL ESPACIO FISICO, A PARTIR DE

SU DISENO ARQUITECTONICO &

FERAIL:

ORIGINAL.

1. ATLAS MUNDIALES: GEOGRAFIA

TURISTICA.

Book World,

2. MOTIVACION DE VIAJE:

NEGOCIOS.

3. DIAS DE VIAJES.

4. CRUCEROS.

5. TURISMO CULTURAL.

6.ACOMODACIONES ECONOMICAS.

7. MUNDO DEL TURISMO DIGITAL O

E-TRAVEL.

8. TURISMO DE AVENTURA.

9. TURISMO MOVIL (CIENCIAS TICs)

apoyo al USUARIO FINAL O CLIENTE

POTENCIAL, demandante individual o

familiar de :

1. SERVICIOS TURISTICOS.

2. MARKETING TURISTICO.

10. CENTRO DE ACOPIO DE:

TALENTOS CIENTIFICOS & TECNOLOGICOS,

DENTRO DE ESTA ESPECIALIDAD.

1. OPORTUNIDADES DE ENTRENAMIENTO.

2. OPORTUNIDADES PARA DESARROLLO

DE CARRERAS, DENTRO DE:

2.1. LAS CIENCIAS DEL OCIO.

2.2. LAS CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE.

2.3. GESTION O ADMINISTRACION DE

PROYECTOS TURISTICOS & AFINES.

11. OFERTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN:

CIENCIAS TICs:

EN EL RENGLONN HIPER-ESPECIALIZADO

DE:

1. TECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS A LOS VIAJES

TURISTICOS.

2. GEOGRAFIA DIGITAL.

3. DESARROLLO LOCAL SOSTENIBLE.

4. DESARROLLO REGIONAL SOSTENIBLE.

5. DESARROLLO HUMANO SOSTENIBLE.

6. DESARROLLO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBLE.

12. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES DE LA:

INDUSTRIA TURISTICA.

13. EVENTOS MUNDIALES, EN EL CALENDARIO:

2020-2021, dentro de la INDUSTRIA TURISTICA

GLOBAL.

14. TURISMO DE BIENESTAR: el cual se dedica

a todas las actividades DENTRO & FUERA DE:

MYPIMES, espacializadas con el CUIDADO

PERSONAL, otra oportunidad para la :

ECONOMIA PRODUCTIVA DE RIQUEZA

& DE NEGOCIOS EN:

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA.

15. TENDENCIAS MUNDIALES EN :

TURISMO JUVENIL (2020-2021).

Business Travel Days, Cruises, Cultural Tourism, Economy Accommodation, eTravel World, Adventure & Responsible Tourism, Gay & Lesbian Travel, ITB Mobile Travel Services, Training and Employment (Career Center), Travel Technology, Trends & Events, Wellness, Youth Travel.

7,000 PERIODISTAS: ESPECIALIZADOS

EN LA INDUSTRIA TURISTICA, se ven cara

a cara en ITB, Berlin.

In 2012, about 7,000 journalists attended the ITB Berlin, of whom about

PERO SOLO : 1500 PROCEDEN DEL :

EXTRANJERO?

1. POR QUE?

2. PORQUE SE TRATA DE UNA :

INDUSTRIA MUY COMPLEJA.

2.1. BASADA EN : INTAGIBLES.

2.2. VEASE DIRECTIVA: CONTABLE

No. 38.

2.3. UNA INDUSTRIA BASADA : 100%

EN EL CAPITAL HUMANO,

EN EL CAPITAL SIMBOLICO,

EN EL CAPITAL RELACIONAL,

EN EL CAPITAL GERENCIAL,

EN EL CAPITAL COMUNICACIONAL,

para desde la economia naranja o la economia

creativa:

1. CREAR GOODWILL.

2. FIDELIZAR AL CLIENTE.

3. MOTIVAR : LA RECOMPRA...

4. QUE EL TURISTA : REGRESE EL

PROXIMO ANO : AL MISMO DESTINO,

en nuestro caso:

ATRAERLOS HACIA REPUBLICA

DOMINICANA...

1,500 came from abroad.

POR QUE SON IMPORTANTES, LOS

TALENTOS PROFESIONALES, LLAMADOS:

1. FOTOGRAFOS ARTISTICOS.

2. VIDEOGRAPHERS.

3. CINEASTAS...

PARA QUE TODOS ESTOS SUENOS SE:

CONVIERTAN EN PLANES DE NEGOCIOS:

1. RENTABLES.

2. EXITOSOS.

3. BANCARIZABLES.

4. SOSTENIBLES?

PORQUE ANTES DE VIAJAR, el turista o

la turista:

1. SE INFORMA.

2. COMPRA REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS.

3. VISITA O CONSULTA A SU:

AGENTE DE VIAJES.

4. VISITA: ONLINE: LAS AGENCIAS

DE VIAJES.

PERO ESO LO HACE :

UN INDIVIDUO,

UN PADRE O MADRE DE FAMILIA...

EL MAYORISTA QUE ESTA INVIRTIENDO:

GRANDES SUMAS DE DINERO, NO

PUEDE ORIENTARSE, POR PUBLICACIONES:

1.GENERALES O PARA EL GRAN PUBLICO,

2.COMO LOS PERIODICOS.

NECESITA:

1. PAGINAS WEB. ESPECIALIZADAS:

EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO.

2. REVISTAS WEB : ESPECIALIZADAS

EN LA INDUSTRIA MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO.

CUALES SON ESAS:

PUBLICACIONES ESPECIALIZADAS?

1. LAS REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN:

1.1.VIAJES,

1.2.NEGOCIOS,

1.3. INVERSIONES:

-INDUSTRIALES TURISTICAS-

1.3.1. EN HISTORIAS DE VIDA DE :

EMPRENDEDORES TURISTICOS,

CON LAS METODOLOGIAS DE:

1. MANUFACTURA,

2.DE KAYZEN,

3.DE TQM TURISTICO

4. EN BIOGRAFIAS: DE LIDERES

TURISTICOS GLOBALES.

1.3.2. REVISTAS ESPECIALIZADAS EN:

1.3.2.1.NEGOCIOS TURISTICOS.

1.3.2.2.FINANZAS TURISTICAS.

1.3.2.3. ESTADISTICAS GLOBALES:

TRUISTICAS.

1.3.2.4.TASAS DE RETORNO.

1.3.2.5.ECONOMIA TURISTICA.

1.3.2.6.OPORTUNIDADES DE INVERSION:

GLOBALES: EN LA ESPECIFICIDAD:

TURISTICA.

QUE ES UN PERIODISTA O UNA PERIODISTA

DE VIAJES?

1. UN ESPECIALISTA, EN VIAJAR.

2. UN ESPECIALISTA:

EN VIVIR EXPERIENCIAS

TURISTICAS.

3. UN RECOMENDADORO RECOMENDADORA

DE :

DESTINOS TURISTICOS.

4. INDEPENDIENTE: ES DECIR, CREIBLE,

A NIVEL MUNDIAL:

PORQUE NO TIENE :

CONFLICTOS DE INTERESES.

1. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE HOTELES.

2. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE TOUROPERADORES.

3. NO RECIBE PAGOS DE:

GOBIERNOS....

In addition to the industry's leading trade magazines, business and

DENTRO DE ESOS PERFILES ANTERIORES

94 PAISES, ENVIAN CON:

1. CONFIANZA.

2. CON FE.

3. SUS PRODUCTOS & SERVICIOS

4. PARA GENERAR TENDENCIAS

& NUEVOS PRODUCTOS.

travel journalists from 94 countries also report on the latest travel trends and products.[2]

11,000 STANDS O PUESTOS DE EXHIBICION

SON DISPUESTOS EN ITB, BERLIN...

1. DESDE 180 PAISES.

2. ITB BERLIN, es BOLSA MUNDIAL

DE TURISMO: pero como toda dferia, es un :

EVENTO TURISTICO EN SI MISMO...

1. ATRAE: 170 MIL VISITANTES.

11,000 exhibitors from 180 countries welcomed 170,000 visitors,

2. PERO NO SON TURISTAS: CURIOSOS,

SINO GENTE PODEROSA

-CON DINERO EN EL BOLSILLO-

PARA:

1. COMPRAR NUEVAS IDEAS,

AL POR MAYOR.

2.EN LA ECONOMIA NARANAJA

O EN LA ECONOMIA CREATIVA

MAS DE 2/3 DE LOS CONVERGENTES

EN TALES EXHIBICIONES:

CATEGORIZADOS EN EL PERFIL DE:

1).VISITANTES DE NEGOCIOS...

2).113,000, INDIVIDUALIDADES...

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV.

CCIAV, CC4AVE.

Talents, Criticism, Friendship!

Salut, Polis, Ecumene!

(1959-2019)

----

among these, 113,000 were trade visitors.[3]

References
"ITB Berlin History & Information". Retrieved 29 November 2019.
http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/MediaCentre/
http://www.itb-berlin.de/en/AboutITBBerlin/ITBAtAGlance/
External links
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Nearly five decades have passed since it all began – an eventful time full of important societal and political changes. This is also the time in which the tourism industry developed into one of the world’s most important economic factors – along with its leading trade show. Today, ITB Berlin is the leading trade show of the worldwide travel industry and, at the same time, the biggest travel show for the German public.

A detailed history of the ITB Berlin:
History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB)

Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB)

-------

--------

ITB, BERLIN: 8 AL 20 MARZO,

2020

--------
The worldwide travel industry

and, at the same time, the biggest

travel show for the German public.

------

A detailed history of the ITB Berlin:

HISTORY ITB GERLIN

History ITB Berlin (PDF, 270.1 kB)

Press release about ITB Berlin history (PDF, 201.2 kB)

Picture ITB Berlin History
Gallery

ITB, BERLIN, NACE EN EL ANO : 1966.

https://www.itb-berlin.com/ITBBerlin/FactsFigures/History/
----------------

RUSSA, Lourdes:

ESTUDIO & DIAGNOSTICO DEL TURISMO

DE SALUD & BIENESTAR de la REPUBLICA

DOMINICANA.

-------

CUANDO TERMINARON LOS PASAJES

BARATOS DE AVION,

VOLANDO POR:

DOMINICANA DE AVIACION,

A FRANKFURT,

LO NUNCA VISTO

1.DESDE SU FUNDACION

EN 1944.

2.PARALELO CON LA :

FUNDACION

DE ICAO, EN CHICAGO?

PUES, tristemente,

ESE CANAL AEREO

DE EDUCACION :

1.SUPERIOR

-DE EXCELENCIA MUNDIAL-

2.BA-RA-TA....

3.MEDICA

4.ESPECIALIZADA...

TERMINO EN EL ANO:

1995...

SE DIJO QUE :

DOMINICANA

DE AVIACION CERRARIA

SUS PUERTAS:

1. A LA JUVENTUD ESTUDIOSA,

DOMINICANA

ansiosa de la

oportunidad educativa, de su:

ESPECIALIZACION

MEDICA

-DE CLASE MUNDIAL-

VIAJANDO A:

FRANKFURT,

-ALEMANIA OCCIDENTAL-

1. A COMPRAR:

LIBROS & REVISTAS DE:

MEDICINA ESPECIALIZADA

& ACTUAL.

2. A COMPRAR EQUIPO,

2.1.TECNOLOGIA,

2.2.MEDICA.

3. A HACER INVERSIONES

-EN BIENES DE CAPITAL-

PARA SUS:

3.1.CLINICAS,

3.2.PARA SUS CONSULTORIOS

PRIVADOS...

3.3.3PARA BRINDAR:

1. CALIDAD MUNDIAL,

EN EL SERVICIO

A SUS PACIENTES...

2. PARA MEJORAR LA:

CALIDAD & ACTUALIDAD,

DE LA OFERTA

DE SALUD:

PUBLICA & PRIVADA,

EN:

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA...

DOMINICANA DE AVIACION,

SE CERRO,

-SUPUESTAMENTE- PARA:

1.REORGANIZAR:

LA COMPANIA AEREA,

2.LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL...

3.POR UNOS MESES...

4.QUIZAS POR UNOS ANOS...

PERO LO CIERTO ES,

QUE NO:

1. TENEMOS YA,

1.1. VUELOS BARATOS,

1.2.PARA VIAJES DE:

ESTUDIOS,

HACIA

1.EUROPA,

2.DESDE 1995,

CON LA :

BANDERA DOMINICANA...

2. SON DE LAS IMBECILIDADES:

DE LAS DOMINICANADAS...

ESTABLECIENDO UN RECORD

PLANETARIO...

1. ES LA UNICA LINEA AEREA:

PROPIEDAD

-DE UN GOBIERNO,

DE UN ESTADO-

QUE

HA QUEBRADO

- EN LA HISTORIA

DE LA HUMANIDAD...-

Y NO FUE PEOR,

PORQUE :

LLEGO LEONEL FERNANDEZ

Y FUNDO:

UNA AGENCIA

CIENTIFICA,

ESPECIALIZADA EN :

CIENCIAS AERONAUTICAS,

designando

alli, a:

LIC. JOSE TOMAS PEREZ,

quien

hizo la proeza

de SACAR A LA ISLA O

MEDIA ISLA :

REPUBLICA DOMINICANA,

de la categoria

4...

y ASI NO SE VIERON MAS;

PERJUDICADOS

1.TODOS LOS AGRICULTORES:

EXPORTADORES,

2.TODOS LOS FINQUEROS:

DOMINICANOS,

3.TODOS LOS GANADEROS:

DOMINICANOS,

4.TODOS LOS

AGRO-INDUSTRIALES:

DOMINICANOS

5.TODOS LOS INDUSTRIALES:

EXPORTADORES

DOMINICANOS...

6.TODOS LOS

FRUCTICULTORES:

DOMINICANOS,

7.TODOS LOS FLORICULTORES:

DOMINICANOS,

8.TODOS LOS HORTICULTORES:

DOMINICANOS...

ES DECIR:

TODOS LOS CAMPESINOS

& LAS CAMPESINAS

DOMINICANOS...

Yoe F. Santos/CCIAV

CCIAV, CC4AVE

Talents, Criticism, Friendship!

Salut, Polis, Ecumene!

(1959-2019).

---------

DOMINICANA DE AVIACION.

-----------

Dominicana de Aviación.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

Find sources:

"Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dominicana de Aviación
DominicanaAirlines-logo.JPG
IATA ICAO Callsign
DO DOA DOMINICANA

FOUNDED.

Founded 1944

INACTIVE SINCE 1995.

Ceased operations 1999 (inactive since 1995)
Hubs Las Américas International Airport
Focus cities Miami International Airport, Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport
Destinations 19 (At time of closing)
Company slogan

"VOLANDO EN GRANDE"

and "TU LINEA AEREA"

and "LINEA BANDERA NACIONAL"

and

"MAS DE ORGULLO DE SER TU LINEA

ES DE LO NUESTRO ALMA & BANDERA".

Headquarters Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Website instagram.com/dominicanadeaviacion
Compañía Dominicana de Aviación, usually shortened to Dominicana,

WAS AN AIRLINE FROM DOMINICAN

REPUBLIC

was an airline from the Dominican Republic,

SERVING AS FLAG CARRIER

OF THE COUNTRY.

Contents
1 History
2 Fleet
2.1 Livery
3 Accidents and incidents
4 References
History

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Dominicana de Aviación" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Douglas DC-6B freighter of Dominicana at Miami International Airport in 1975.

DOMINICANA WAS ESTABLISHED IN:

1944

Dominicana was established in 1944

IN AN EFFORT TO CREATE:

1.A NATIONAL AIRLINE.

in an effort to create a national airline

2. AIMING AT THE LARGE NUMBER

aiming at the large number of

3. OF DOMINICAN CITIZENS

Dominican citizens

3.1. WHO EMIGRATED TO:

3.1.1.THE UNITED STATES

who emigrated to the United States of America,

3.1.2. PUERTO RICO.

3.1.3. SPAIN

Puerto Rico and Spain.

The initial fleet consisted of Douglas DC-3 and DC-6 aircraft.

DURING THE 1950s

DOMINICANA

LAUNCHED

During the 1950s, Dominicana launched

A DOMESTIC ROUTE NETWORK

a domestic route network

TO PLACES SUCH AS:

1. PUERTO PLATA.

2. LA ROMANA.

3. PUERTO PLATA.

4. LA ROMANA.

5. SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS.

to places such as Puerto Plata, La Romana and Santiago de los Caballeros, acquiring Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando and Aviation Traders Carvair airplanes.

IN THE 1960s, DOMINICANA

RENEWED ITS FLEET

In the 1960s, Dominicana renewed its fleet

with Douglas DC-8, McDonnell Douglas DC-9

and Boeing 727 jet aircraft.

THE ROUTE NETWORK

The route network

WAS FURTHER EXPANDED

was further expanded,

WITH MORE DESTINATIONS

with more destinations

IN THE AMERICAS

AND THE CARIBBEAN

in the Americas and the Caribbean

DURING : 1970s.

during the 1970s.

AT THE HEIGHT IN THE

At its height in the 1980s,

DOMINICANA OPERATED:

BOEING

747

Dominicana operated Boeing 747

AIRCRAFT TO EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS

aircraft to European destinations

LIKE:

1. MADRID.

2. MILAN.

3. FRANKFURT.

like Madrid, Milan, and Frankfurt.

At the end of the decade, the airline's economic situation worsened due to poor management, lack of innovation or cost-cutting culture, and the heavy maintenance costs of its aging fleet.

More importantly, on the revenue side, government employees also sought to fly non-revenue, given the typical patronage in the Dominican Republic with many flights full of them often displacing paying passengers.

Subsequently, the fleet and network were scaled back, leaving only the original routes like New York, Miami, Caracas, and San Juan.

In an effort to save on maintenance costs, Dominicana began to operate leased aircraft (mostly Boeing 727s, but also in Q1 and Q2 of 1993 an Airbus A300 from Conair).

THE FINANCIAL SITUATION...

The financial situation further worsened into the 1990s, which coincided with a negative customer reputation (like lost or delayed luggage as well as unreliable schedules).

In 1994, now also faced with Cat1 restrictions in the US, Dominicana wet-leased a Boeing 737-300 and a Boeing 757-200 from Mexican low-cost airline TAESA.

Further aircraft were wet-leased from Express One International, Atlantic Aviation and Carnival Air Lines. During Christmas of 1994, many Dominicana VFR passengers were stranded at JFK, MIA, and SJU when

THE AIRLINE WAS UNABLE TO PROVIDE

the airline was unable

TO PROVIDE NECESSARY FUNDING

to provide necessary funding to lessors for heavily-booked Christmas flights (and, overbooked for the B727 the lessors were providing, since an A300 had been expected to be wet-leased).

AS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE

OUTRAGE IN EARLY 1995...

As a consequence of the outrage, in early 1995

THE GOVERNMENT

ORF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

the government of the Dominican Republic

DECIDED TO SHUT DOWN THE AIRLINE

decided to shut down the airline.

While the shutdown

WAS ORIGINALLY ONLY PLANNED

1. AS TEMPORARY MEASURE

was originally only planned as a temporary

measure

2. TO GET RE-ORGANIZED THE :

COMPANY.

to get re-organized, the company

3. NEVER BECAME:

OPERATIONAL AGAIN.

never became operational again. The vice president at the time was quoted saying that "Dominicans can fly APA Internacional" which was another "local" airline that benefited handsomely from Dominicana's demise. While several attempts have been made to privatize the airline, no efforts came to fruition.

American Airlines and later JetBlue dominated the market and the business case for a new Dominican flag carrier is relatively weak given the investment that would be required and the debts that would have to be honored in order to use the Dominicana name.[1]

Fleet
Over the years, Dominicana operated the following aircraft types:[2][3]

Dominicana fleet development
Aircraft Total
ATL-98A 2
Boeing 707-300 3
Boeing 720 1
Boeing 727-100 5
Boeing 727-200 10
Boeing 737-400 1
Boeing 747-100 1
Boeing 757 1
Douglas DC-3 2
Douglas DC-4 5
Douglas DC-6 5
Douglas DC-8 1
McDonnell Douglas DC-9 2
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 3
(Airbus 300-400/1

Livery
The most common Dominicana livery consisted of a metallic silver fuselage, with red and blue cheatlines tail painting, representing the colors in the Dominican flag. The Dominicana titles were written in black letters above the passenger windows.

Accidents and incidents
On 11 January 1948, a Dominicana Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registered HI-6) crashed into a mountain near Yamasá in bad weather conditions, killing all 30 passengers and two crew members on board, amongst them the baseball team of B.B.C Santiago. The aircraft had been on a scheduled flight from Barahona to Santiago de los Caballeros.[4]
On 17 July 1958 at 10:16 UTC, a Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando cargo aircraft (registered HI-16) operating Dominicana Flight 402 from Ciudad Trujillo (today's Santo Domingo) to Miami crashed shortly after take-off due to an engine problem, killing the two pilots on board.[5]
On 23 June 1969 at 15:42 local time, a Dominicana Aviation Traders Carvair cargo aircraft (registered HI-168), which was operating Flight 401 from Miami to Santo Domingo, crashed shortly after take-off from Miami International Airport, killing all four persons on board, as well as six people on the ground. The aircraft had suffered an engine failure during take-off run, on which the pilots were not able to react accordingly.[6][7]
On 15 February 1970 at approximately 18:30 local time, a Dominicana McDonnell Douglas DC-9 (registered HI-177) crashed into the sea some 3 kilometres off Santo Domingo, killing all 97 passengers and 5 crew members on board, making it the deadliest accident in the history of the Dominican Republic until the crash of Birgenair Flight 301 in 1996. The aircraft had just departed Las Américas International Airport for a scheduled flight to San Juan, when it suffered a dual engine failure.[8]
On 5 September 1993, a Dominicana Boeing 727-200 (registered HI-617CA) was destroyed in a fire at Las Américas Airport. The then 20 years old aircraft had been operating a scheduled flight from San Juan to Santo Domingo carrying 98 passengers and 7 crew members, when the cabin filled with smoke during disembarkation, which was caused by a fire due to electrical overheating. All people involved managed to leave the aircraft before it was completely engulfed by the flames.[9]
References
List of airlines of the Dominican Republic at airlineupdate.com Archived 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
Amateur Dominicana de Aviacion Historic Fleet listing
Amateur Dominicana fleet listing (newer aircraft only) at airfleets.net
Dominicana 1948 crash at the Aviation Safety Network
1958 Dominicana crash at the Aviation Safety Network
Dominicana Flight 402 at the Aviation Safety Network
Flight 401 Official NTSB Accident Report
Dominicana 1970 crash at the Aviation Safety Network
Dominicana 1993 incident at the Aviation Safety Network
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Categories: Defunct airlines of the Dominican RepublicAirlines established in 1944Airlines disestablished in 1999Dominicana de Aviación1944 establishments in the Dominican Republic1999 dis

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Our Familiar and Institutional Contribution for Dominican Republic Council for Economy and Health

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

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